Chapter 10

77. A structure chart shows sequence, selection and data flows.

False

98. The 'transform structure' on a structure chart has a control module that calls several subordinate modules, after which something happens.

True

Which of the following cohesion types would be considered 'bad' for a program module? a) Coincidental b) Logical c) Temporal d) Procedural e) Functional

A

11. The fifth step in creating a Physical Data Flow Diagram is a) Update the metadata in the CASE repository b) Draw a human-machine boundary c) Add implementation references d) Add system-related data stores, data flows and processes e) Update the data elements in the data flows

A

20. When changing a logical DFD into a physical DFD, it might be necessary to ________. a) Add system-related data stores, data flows and processes b) Normalize the logical DFD into 3NF c) Create the user-interface with smaller fonts d) Change the system architecture to three-tiered architecture e) Delete extraneous data stores and delete extraneous data flows

A

32. Generally, transform structures on a structure chart will have: a) Many afferent processes b) Many efferent processes c) Many data couples d) Many control couples e) Many conditional couples

A

33. As a structure chart is constructed, it is generally best to build modules with: a) High cohesion b) Highly coupled c) High fan-out d) Have the word "and" in the module title e) A high level of coincidental cohesion

A

39. For a program module on a structure chart, fan-in: a) Describes the number of control modules that communicate with a subordinate b) Describes how well the lines of code within each structure chart module relate to each other. c) Describes how closely modules are interrelated d) Describes the use of empirical data linked lists e) An attribute that can be described in pseudocode

A

Generally, transaction structures on a structure chard will have: a) Many afferent processes b) Many efferent processes c) Many data couples d) Many control couples e) Many conditional couples

B

49. Because project teams rely more on packaged software, program design is no longer needed.

False

89. Couples in structure charts always show two modules that are executed together and are drawn with horizontal lines at the top and bottom.

False

94. An effective process is an output process on a structure chart.

False

96. Generally, transaction structures occur at lower levels of a structure chart.

False

10. The fourth step in creating a Physical Data Flow Diagram is a) Update the metadata in the CASE repository b) Draw a human-machine boundary c) Add implementation references d) Add system-related data stores, data flows and processes e) Update the data elements in the data flows

E

17. Processes from logical DFDs might show up on a physical data flow diagram as: a) Tables in a database b) External entities c) Outside the human-machine boundary d) Audit log files e) HTML screens or Visual Basic forms

E

3. In program design, which NOT an activity done by analysts? a) Determine what program will be written b) Create instructions for the programmers about how the code should be written c) Identify how the pieces of code will fit together d) Create physical data flow diagrams e) Develop the database schema

E

35. Which of the following cohesion types would be considered "better" for a program module? a) Coincidental b) Logical c) Temporal d) Procedural e) Functional

E

57. There are some 'system-related' data stores, data flows and processes that must be added when creating the physical DFD

True

59. When building the physical data flow diagram, processes may become html web pages or Visual Basic screens.

True

53. During program design, analysts determine what programs will be written.

True

26. Which is NOT true of structure charts? a) They show sequence b) They show the user interface c) They show couples d) They show selection e) They emphasize structure and reusability

B

41. A higher-level component that contains the logic for performing other modules and the components that it calls and controls is called a _____. a) control module b) structure chart c) subordinate module d) super-ordinate e) top-down module chart

A

68. A structure chart is a high-level diagram showing the organization and interactions of the different pieces of code within the program.

True

75. A structure chart is an important technique that helps the analyst design the program for the new system.

True

50. Program design is part of the Implementation phase of the SDLC.

False

52. During program design, analysts write instructions for programmers about how the code should be written.

True

45. In a structure chart, the purpose of a control couple is to: a) Pass parameters from a subordinate module to the control module b) Pass parameters from the control modules to a subordinate module c) Pass data from a subordinate module to the control module d) Pass data from the control module to a subordinate module e) Chaperone the dance for programmers on the project

A

Which is NOT a symbol used in drawing structure charts? a) A two-headed data flow arrow b) A data couple indicated by an arrow and an empty circle c) A loop arc showing iteration d) An off-page connector (which looks like home-plate in baseball) e) A line with a diamond indicating a conditional activity

A

37. Which of the following coupling types would be considered 'good' for a program module? a) Stamp b) Content c) Common d) Data e) Control

D

12. In adding implementation references (when converting logical DFDs into physical DFDs) analysts will NOT do which of the following? a) Add references to the ways the actual databases will be implemented b) Develop links to the user interface for the metadata c) Build structures for how the processes will be implemented d) Determine the physical media for the data (part, bar code scanning, etc.) e) Create final physical names for the various components

B

34. As a structure chart is constructed, it is generally best to build modules with: a) Low cohesion b) Low coupling c) Low fan-out d) Low fan-in e) Low use of data coupling

B

1. Program Design a) Is left to programming / development staff (not systems analysts) b) Is done in the implementation phase of the SDLC c) Is done with CASE tools that automate the various process models, data models and user interface design into Visual Basic code d) Is done by analysts and then the design is passed on to programmers to code e) Consists of icons, metaphors and structures

D

14. In most automated cases, data stores from logical DFDs will be converted to: a) Binary tables b) CD Rom disks c) Paper files d) Into database files / tables e) Encrypted hexadecimal values

D

43. There are two symbols that describe special types of control in a structure chart. They are a curved arrow and a diamond. These symbols represent _____ and _____. a) connector, conditional line b) control, subordinate c) library module, conditional line d) loop, conditional line e) loop, connector

D

47. In a structure chart, the element that is drawn as an empty circle with an attached arrow is known as a(n) _____. a) conditional line b) connector c) control couple d) data couple e) module

D

51. During program design, analysts write programming code.

False

55. The Human-Machine boundary is part of the Human-Computer Interface into usability systems.

False

58. Many of the data stores in the logical DFD will be changed into encrypted word processing documents when a physical DFD is developed.

False

60. When drawing the human-machine boundary, all processes in the physical DFD will be automated, so only external entities will be excluded.

False

65. Generally, analysts use a 'bottom-up' approach when designing the programming specifications.

False

67. A high-level diagram that shows the various components of a program is called an audit chart.

False

70. The technique that is used to communicate what needs to be developed to programmers / developers is called 'raw-code'.

False

72. In recent years, programmers have increasingly moved away from event-driven programming to more procedural oriented programming languages (like COBOL).

False

78. Sequence in a structure chart indicates under what conditions a module is invoked.

False

80. Iteration in a structure chart indicates in what order components are invoked.

False

82. A control module can also be called a library module and is a set of reusable code.

False

84. A module in a structure chart that can be reused is called a 'support module'.

False

88. A diamond on a structure chart shows sequence - like a baseball player would go to first base, then second, third and home.

False

100. Jim is working from a leveled DFD and creating structure charts. He is finding that the lower levels of the DFD generally correspond to transform structures.

True

54. Because (a) preexisting code needs to be understood, organized, and pieced together; and (b) it is still common for the project team to have to write some code and adapt packages to the business environment, it is therefore good for analysts to fully understand program design.

True

56. Micah is adding implementation resources to change a logical DFD into a physical DFD. He should describe databases, files, tables, and processes as they will be implemented on the computer.

True

61. An audit control / audit logfile might be a system related process, data flow and data store that would be added when creating physical DFDs.

True

62. When creating the physical DFD, you may want to capture system information like date and time of update and user-id of the person who did the update.

True

63. A temptation when moving from analysis to design of a system is to jump right into coding.

True

64. Amy is an analyst for an automatic payment system. She knows that she will need to create a modular, flexible plan for programmers to follow so that the ensuing system will be maintainable.

True

4. Several things must be done by analysts during Program Design. Which of the following is NOT an activity done by analysts during Program Design? a) Hardware is purchased in order to arrive prior to coding and implementation b) Deciding what programming language(s) will be used c) Data flow diagrams are adapted into physical DFDs d) Structure charts are created e) Program specifications are developed

A

15. By definition, external entities on the DFD: a) Are used as the starting point for the physical data flow diagram b) Are outside the scope of the system c) Will be the top of the structure chart d) Will become database table entries e) Are updated with metadata to become part of the physical DFD

B

18. In determining if a process is to be automated, the project team will do all of the following EXCEPT: a) Weigh the costs b) Redraw the logical DFD as a combined logical/physical DFD c) Determine benefits d) Evaluate the efficiency e) Consider the integrity of the process to the system

B

22. A temptation that is common in the program design phase is: a) To add additional modules, and processes b) To jump into actual coding and programming without much thought or planning c) To delete manual processes from implementation d) To automate all processes, even ones that are best left as manual processes e) Create user interfaces with lots of colors, fonts, and enhanced graphics

B

24. Pseudocode is: a) The same as structured English b) A technique similar to structured English c) A subset of the Java programming language d) A coding environment sponsored by Oracle e) The term for designing language prototyping screens with Visual Basic or HTML

B

29. A general suggestion about using couples in drawing structure charts is: a) The use of many couples clarify the processing b) It is best to be conservative when applying couples to your diagram c) To use 'combination' couples when both data couples and control couples are needed d) You should have at least twice as many afferent couples as efferent couples e) Use only data couples and no control couples

B

40. Pseudocode is: a) A language popularized by Feinstein and Longenecker in the 1990's b) A detailed outline of the lines of code that need to be written c) A 'pretend' syntax inherent in all CASE tools d) The translation of code into ASCII e) A dialect of Visual Basic only used in program design

B

46. _____ refers to how well the lines of code within each module in a structure chart relate to each other. a) calculation b) cohesion c) control d) coupling e) fan-in

B

48. In a structure chart, a transaction structure _____. a) contains a control module that calls several subordinate modules in sequence, after which something "happens" b) contains a control module that calls subordinate modules, each handling a particular transaction c) contains a transactional loop d) is a subordinate module that handles a particular transaction e) is subordinate to subordinal modules

B

5. As analysts move from logical design to physical design, one of the actions they will do is: a) Create physical use cases, with real triggers and processes b) Create physical DFDs c) Create actual programs d) Develop HIPO charts e) Develop Gantt diagrams

B

8. The second step in creating a Physical Data Flow Diagram is a) Update the metadata in the CASE repository b) Draw a human-machine boundary c) Add implementation references d) Add system-related data stores, data flows and processes e) Update the data elements in the data flows

B

13. The Human-Machine Boundary a) Is the keyboard and screen b) Builds on research in ergonometry c) Is a line drawn on the physical DFD to separate human action from automated processes d) Is a part of developing the HCI interface e) Separates where manual processes are separated by human completed processes

C

16. Every part of a system that is not automated will: a) Be ignored in the implementation of the system b) Be drawn as only logical DFDs not physical DFDs c) Be outside the human-machine boundary d) Go back through the analysis phase to become automated e) Will be drawn as diamond shapes on the structure charts

C

2. Program design is part of which SDLC phase? a) Planning b) Analysis c) Design d) Implementation e) Evaluation

C

30. The three types of basic processes on a process model: a) Sequence, selection and iteration processes b) Navigation, status and work processes c) Afferent, central and efferent processes d) Batch, online and real time processes e) Singular, bilateral and library processes

C

42. Reusable modules, which are represented in the structure chart as rectangles with vertical lines on both sides, may often appear several times in a structure chart. These are called _____ modules. a) conditional b) control c) library d) loop e) off-page connector

C

44. In a structure chart, the element that communicates that a message or a system flag is being passed from one module to another is known as a(n) _____. a) conditional line b) connector c) control couple d) data couple e) loop

C

6. Physical DFDs will be shared with ___ a) Project sponsors b) Users c) Programmers / Designers d) Business managers e) External entities

C

7. The first step in creating a Physical Data Flow Diagram is a) Update the metadata in the CASE repository b) Draw a human-machine boundary c) Add implementation references d) Add system-related data stores, data flows and processes e) Update the data elements in the data flows

C

19. Beth is considering a simple process for immediate orders. When processing an immediate order, a phone clerk writes the order on a paper form. Which of the following might be a reason NOT to automate this process? a) The clerk could make errors when writing the information wrong on the paper form b) The paper form could be lost when sent to the order filling /shipping area c) The writing on the paper form could be hard to decipher d) The costs to automate might be significantly higher than doing it manually e) The time to get the paper form from the clerk's desk to the order filling / shipping area is one day or longer

D

21. When you are updating the data elements in the data flows (when creating a physical DFD) you might need to: a) Return to users to interview them about the physical data flows b) Update the original cost/benefit analysis to reflect the physical storage c) Do a technology analysis d) Add physical data elements to the metadata descriptions in the CASE repository e) Do formal benchmarking of the data flows

D

23. Which is NOT a consideration when designing programs in the program design step? a) Create maintainable systems b) Have designs that are modular c) Include flexibility d) Use COBOL for pseudocoding e) Use top-down modular approaches

D

25. Which of the following is NOT true? a) Analysts design programs in the design phase of the SDLC, programmers code programs in the Implementation phase b) Analysts can use structure charts to design programming logic c) Analysts can build in the three structures of sequence, selection and iteration into structure charts d) Programmers can take the logical DFDs and directly implement into code by compiling the metadata in the CASE tools e) Physical DFDs show additional details, such as what tables in the database replace data stores on the logical DFD

D

27. Which is NOT true of Structure Charts when designing programs? a) They show all the components of code that must be included in a program at a high level b) They are arranged in a hierarchical format that implies sequence c) They help analysts create programs that are easy to understand and maintain d) They are generally implemented with control flags that pass from the control modules to the subordinate modules e) They may have on-page and off-page connectors

D

9. The third step in creating a Physical Data Flow Diagram is a) Update the metadata in the CASE repository b) Draw a human-machine boundary c) Add implementation references d) Add system-related data stores, data flows and processes e) Update the data elements in the data flows

D

Which of the following coupling types would be considered 'bad' for a program module? a) Stamp b) Content c) Common d) Data e) Control

D

66. In designing programming specifications, the analyst needs to see what impact will happen if one line changes in one module and how that might affect other modules and processing.

True

69. Pseudocode is a technique similar to structured English and is used to communicate what needs to be written in a programming language.

True

71. Pseudocode communicates the basic logic and programming structures that will be used in the implementation period without referencing the syntax of a specific programming language.

True

73. Languages like Visual Basic are popular since they combine features of procedural, event-driven AND object-oriented programming.

True

74. TJ wants to break his pseudocode specifications into modules since modules are easier to maintain, are reusable and have less redundancy.

True

76. A structure chart shows the components of code in a hierarchical format.

True

79. Selection in a structure chart indicates under what condition a module is invoked and might be compared to an if-then statement.

True

81. A structure chart is composed of modules that work together to form a program.

True

83. A higher-level component that contains the logic for performing other modules (subordinate modules) is known as a control module.

True

85. Library modules are encouraged as their reusability can save programmers from rewriting the same piece of code over and over.

True

86. In a structure chart, a loop is drawn with a curved arrow and shows iteration.

True

87. An off-page connector looks like 'home plate' in baseball, and identifies where a part of the structure chart is continued on another page .

True

90. Data couples are shown by arrows with empty circles and show how data flows between modules.

True

91. Control couples show the passing of parameters or system related messages between modules (like 'end-of-file').

True

92. The three basic kinds of processes on a process module are afferent, central and efferent.

True

93. An afferent process is an input process on a structure chart.

True

95. A transaction structure in a structure chart contains a control module that calls subordinate modules and frequently occur with menus.

True

97. A good indication of needing a transaction structure on a structure chart occurs when a DFD shows a single data flow entering a process that produces multiple data flows as outputs.

True

99. In a car insurance processing structure chart, a control module first calls a module that calculates rates based on age; then it calls a module that calculates rates based on state-of-residency; then it calls a module that calculates rates based on driving record; then calls a module based on health factors; and finally calls a module that combines these factors. This would be an example of a 'transform structure' on a structure chart.

True