Chapter 10 Part B

What brain structure contains behavior patterns like how to play a piano?

cerebellum

what is an area that has the highest concentration of cones for facial recognition and reading?

fovea centralis

what structures associated with both hearing and equilibrium generate signals that are interpreted by sensory neurons as a stimulus?

hair cells

What is the effect of tilting your head to the side on the structures within the otolith organs?

hair cells bend

What is the function of the pupil?

modulates light The iris contracts and dilates involuntarily and changes the size of the pupil. The whole job of the iris and pupil is to control the amount of light that gets into the eye.

How is the stimulus in vision so different than that for all other sensory cells?

move stimulus results in fewer acroin and AP's

What common visual defect is also known as near-sightedness.

myopia

What common visual defect would use a concave lens to correct it?

myopia

What common visual defect occurs when the focal point falls in front of the retina?

myopia = near sightedness

What is the pathway for signals that integrate equilibrium? in order?

-Medula -Cerebellum -Thalamus -cortex

Mechnoreceptors involved in equilibrium are involved in what three types of information?

Medulla cerebellum thalamus cortex

What two actions cause the lens to flatten or thicken for accommodation?

Muscle contraction thickens and relaxation for flattening

what is the gravity sensor in the head?

Vestibular appartus

why do the crystals of the otolith organs move to the bottom of their chamber?

calcite cyrstals in vestiuble are more dense than surrounding fluid

what is the name of the action of the eye adjusting the shape of the lens?

accommodation

What do sensory neurons produce when stimulated by hair cells?

action potentials

what results from a defect in one or more of the 3 types of cones?

colorblindness

which sensory cells would be most active during the day and why?

cone cells, we need them for reading and facial recognition

Which sensory cells are used to detect color and details?

cones

Which sensory cells would be most affected if you had all recessive genes for color blindness?

cones

why do we have a blind spot?

conversion of bipolar factors

What is the difference between a convex and concave lens in terms for use and function?

convex: contract/ concenration: A convex lens is thicker in the middle and thinner near the edges, and it causes the light rays that pass through it to bend so that they become closer together and ultimately focus on a point other side of the lens. concave: spreads: myopia: concave lenses cause light to spread out, resulting in a smaller image for the viewer. ?

what brain structure is involved in making decisions of sensory information?

cortex

What are three semicircular canals?

each one goes into a dimension? Your semicircular canals are three tiny, fluid-filled tubes in your inner ear that help you keep your balance. When your head moves around, the liquid inside the semicircular canals sloshes around and moves the tiny hairs that line each canal.

What common visual defect occurs when the focal point falls behind the retina?

farsightedness hyperopia

how do the semicircular canals generate action potentials

fluid moves relative to head when head is moved, cupula, bends as fluid moves past and hair cells generate receptor potentials when cupula bends

What common visual defect would use a convex lens to correct it?

hyperopea

what common visual defect is known as far sightedness

hyperopia

what s the function of the melanin granules on the posterior surface of the retina?

it absorbs light

What brain structure is a pathway for all incoming signals from the body?

medulla

What is the primary visual pigment in the visual cells?

opsin

what vestibular structures would tell you wether or not your head is upright?

otolith organs

What is the function of rods and cones in the retina?

photoreception

What mechanoreceptors sense positions of joints?

proprioceptors

what is the name of the hole in the middle of the iris?

pupil

Which sensory cells are used to detect shades of light dark and grey only?

rod cells, monochromatic

what are the names of the two types of sensory cells of the retina?

rod cells: monochromatic cone cells: red green and blue

what is the pathway of information from the eye to the visual cortex?

rods and cons

Which sensory cells would be most active at night and why?

rods for night visision

What do semicircular canals sense?

rotational accerlation

what vestibular strcuture contain fluid that does not move when you move your head?

semicircular cancals

What structure provides information about movement and position in space?

stimuli arthitis/ vestibular appartus

What structures do nocturnal animals have their retinas that reflects light?

tapedum lucidum, the pigmented epithelium on posterior surface

How are images projected onto the retina?

upside down

what vestibular structure in the semicircular canals move as the endolympth flows past them?

vestibular canals? or cupula?

what special sense helps with orientation?

vision

What is the function of the accommodation?

where the eye adjusts the shape of the lens to keep objects in focus