Chapter 10 Psych

Which of the following did Karen Horney's views emphasize?

Unconscious sexual impulses are less important than social relationships in childhood.

Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on _____.

Western cultural prejudice

The Electra complex involves:

a girl longing for her father and resenting her mother.

_________ is also termed as modeling.

observational learning

Greg becomes a chain smoker in his early teens. According to the psychosexual stages of personality development, he is fixated at the _____.

oral stage

According to Freud, the id follows the _____.

pleasure principle

Sigmund Freud was the first to develop the _____ of personality.

psychodynamic theories

According to Freud, the ego is guided by the _____.

reality principle

Skinner believed that the effects of _________ on behavior should be emphasized.

reinforcement

Nicholas develops a new assessment tool to measure the psychological concept of extraversion. He finds that individuals who take the test repeatedly tend to score similarly each time. Which dimension of assessment has Nicholas established?

reliability

In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called _________.

self-actualization

Unlike the psychodynamic theory, the humanistic-existential perspective emphasizes _________.

self-awareness

Chris, a high school student, is looking up the profiles of various colleges to make a decision about which one he wants to attend. Being a confident person, he believes that he will do well at a prestigious university. His belief in his success is called _____ by social cognitive theorists.

self-efficacy expectations

According to Carl Rogers, _________ refer(s) to the mental images of what we are capable of becoming.

self-ideals

Which of the following is a focus of Erikson's theory?

social relationships

The _________ functions according to the moral principle.

superego

Bobby spilled water accidentally on his father's computer, but contrary to expectations, Bobby did not get grounded. His father acknowledged that it was a mistake and assured Bobby that he still loved him, despite the unfortunate incident. Bobby's father's response is an example of _____.

unconditional positive regard

Which of the following situations best describes Watson and Skinner's beliefs regarding behaviorism?

A man donates to charity because his parents rewarded this behavior

_____ developed the psychodynamic theory called analytical psychology.

Carl Jung

Jim overhears a classmate explaining toa friend that peopleare free to do what theychoose with theirlives and that the meaning of theirlives is whattheygive to it. He further explains that peoplehave unique ways of looking at the world, known as unique frame of reference. The classmate is describing the views of _____.

Carl Rogers

According to Erikson, which of the following is the goal of adolescence?

Ego identity

A psychology professor argues that the nature of the mother-infant relationship and social relationships are more crucial determinants of personality than sexual urges. In addition, she argues that we are conscious architects of our own personality. The professor's views are closest to those of _____.

Erik Erikson

_________ in part reflects the horrors of mass destruction of human life through war and genocide, frequent events in the 20th century.

Existentialism

Lewis generally comes across as a quick-tempered individual. His anger is easily triggered by trivial situations. According to Eysenck's dimensions, which of the following is true of Lewis?

He is extraverted and unstable.

Which of the following theorists believed that personality is not something people have but rather something they create to give meaning and direction to their lives?

Humanistic theorists

Which of the following is true of Carl Jung's analytical psychology theory?

It emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes.

Which one of the following is a criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

It was too vague to scientifically measure the psychic structures.

Which of the following is an illustration of the defense mechanism of repression?

Mary witnessed the death of her sister when she was young but cannot remember it now.

Which of the following represents the correct developmental sequence of Sigmund Freud's stages of psychosexual development?

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

_________ refers to the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another.

Personality

Kelly has devoted her weekends to working in a homeless shelter. Due to her philanthropic activities, her manager has considered her for a promotion at work. According to Watson and Skinner, which of the following statements will most likely explain Kelly's motivation to do social work?

She has been rewarded for altruistic behaviors previously.

Which of the following tests is an example of an objective test?

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Steve has just completed a personality assessment in which he was shown a series of cards one at a time and asked to make up stories about them. Which of the following tests is he most likely to have taken?

The Thematic Apperception Test

Which of the following is a focus of the psychodynamic theory?

The far-reaching effects of childhood events

When introducing himself to new people, Aaron says that he is a Catholic, Argentinean, and a grandfather of three. He defines himself in terms of these relationships that he maintains with other people. According to the sociocultural perspective on personality, this kind of description is characteristic of:

collectivists.

According to the five-factor model, the five basic personality factors are extraversion, neuroticism, _________, agreeableness, and openness to experience.

conscientiousness

Freud said that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely _____.

conscious, unconscious, and preconscious

Alfred Adler's individual psychology focuses on:

feelings of inferiority and the creative self.

Eysenck focused on the relationships between two personality traits: _________ and emotional stability-instability.

introversion-extraversion

The social cognitive theory is criticized because _________.

it pays less attention to genetic variation in explaining individual differences in behavior