Chapter 10 quiz review for exam 3

Freud's psychoanalytic theory predicts that Moms who feed babies generously will receive strong attachment. Research results on this topic:

contradict Freud; attachment seems unrelated to feeding.

Harry Harlow's (1959) experiments with infant monkeys and surrogate wire-frame "mothers" showed that attachment for monkeys is based on:

cuddly body contact comfort.

A Mom tells her toddler that it's okay to scream and shout at a sporting event but not in church. These are:

display rules.

When adults interpret emotions displayed by babies, they:

do better with positive emotions than with negative

At about the age of 6 weeks and through to the age of 6 or 7 months, infants are in the ____ phase of attachment. They enjoy human contact from most people equally.

indiscriminate

Inconsistent maternal caregiving tends to induce ____ attachment in the baby.

resistant

Which infant has the hardest time regulating his/her emotions?

young infant boy

STRANGER ANXIETY is to SEPARATION ANXIETY as ____ is to ____.

APPROACH :: WITHDRAW

In his research on attachment relationships, Peter Fonagy found that the working models of English mothers measured before their babies' birth accurately predicted whether their infants would form secure or insecure attachments ____ percent of the time.

75%

Human infants and their caregivers have evolved in ways that predispose them to respond favorably to each other and establish intimate bonds. This is a primary tenant of ____.:

Bowlby's attachment theory.

Father behaviors that seem to promote secure attachment include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Correct answer: providing care of basic needs.

Which of these will be LEAST helpful to reducing the child's stranger anxiety during medical treatment?

Doctor should immediately approach closely to the child.

TEMPERAMENT is to PERSONALITY as ____ is to ____.

INFANCY :: ADULTHOOD

Which statement about Konrad Lorenz' "imprinting" of young birds to their parents is FALSE?

Imprinting is based on parental feeding of the young.

The baby's cute facial appearance serves to promote close bonding attachment with parents. This is the:

Kewpie doll effect.

A common emotional display rule for American babies is:

Strong emotions are fine, so long as they are positive.

is the infant's early form of personality, and it has attributes such as activity level, positive affect, and fearfulness.

Temperament

Which of these describes the Japanese "amae" principle?

The infant feels totally dependent on its mother.

STRANGE SITUATION is to ATTACHMENT Q-SET as ____ is to ____.

YOUNGER ::: OLDER

The cognitive-developmental viewpoint asserts that separation anxiety occurs when

a stimulus is inconsistent with the stable schemes for familiar companions.

Infants who establish secure attachments to their fathers demonstrate all of the following assets EXCEPT:

better grades

"Behavioral inhibition" is a term of psychological jargon that stands for what ordinary people would call:

cautiousness.

At about 7-9 months of age, there is a shift in the infant's social responses. In particular, infants:

change from multiple attachments to one or two specific attachments.

Cuddles is a house dog. When a stranger approaches the front window, Cuddles is unsure whether it is "friend or foe." But when her master growls at the stranger, the dog growls too. Cuddles demonstrates that she:

does social referencing.

The ability to achieve personal goals in social interactions while continuing to maintain positive relationships with others is referred to as:

emotional competence

TV talk show hosts are skilled at ____, i.e., sharing the emotional distress suffered by their guests.

empathy

Ecological factors that promote insensitive parenting include all of the following EXCEPT:

ethnicity.

Nellie Neglect is a teenage Mom who spends little time with her baby, who has a difficult temperament. It may be inferred that:

goodness-of-fit is bad, because baby lacks the frequent maternal attention it needs from Nellie.

The ways that parents react to their children's transgressions can influence whether they will feel:

guilt or shame.

Emotions that the neonate can express immediately at birth are considered by researchers to be:

innate.

Which of the following factors is known to promote secure attachment:

interactional synchrony

Children who are adopted are ____ nonadoptive infants to become securely attached to their primary caregiver.

just as likely as

Schaffer & Emerson's (1964) famous study of infant attachment applied a ____ research design.

longitudinal

Ainsworth's (1978) "Strange Situation" is a carefully planned sequence of episodes in which:

mother and stranger depart and return.

Kochanska's (1998) integrative theory of attachment states that attachment depends on the:

parental caregiving and also on the baby's temperament

A secure base is a(n):

place from which the infant can venture to explore.

Fathers' interactions with baby are most likely to be:

playful physical stimulation.

In the "internal working models" theory, (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991), the securely attached child has a ____ model of self and a ____ model of others.

positive / positive

Three attributes that are components of temperament are:

positive affect, fearfulness, and activity level

Parents commonly report that their babies express all of these emotions feelings EXCEPT:

pride.

In children from disadvantaged backgrounds, high quality daycare

promotes social and intellectual development.

The best sign as to whether an infant has developed an attachment for a specific adult would be if the infant:

protests when he is separated from his primary caregiver.

For Kochanska (1998), ____ determines whether the infant's attachment is secure/insecure.

quality of parental caregiving

Which strategy for regulating one's emotions is LEAST likely to be applied by a twelve-month-old infant?

redirecting his/her attention away from the fearful object

Rapunzel takes her one-year-old son, Adam, to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him. Adam appears very anxious and is unwilling to explore the room to play with the toys, even when Rapunzel is close by. When Rapunzel leaves the room to fill out some forms, Adam becomes extremely upset and remains that way all the time Rapunzel is gone. When she returns, Adam stays close to Mom, holding onto her skirt, while making it clear that he does not want her to touch him or pick him up. This incident might be observed with a child and parent who share this attachment style:

resistant.

With regard to temperament, ____ refers to the regularity and predictability of bodily functions such as eating and sleeping.

rhythmicity

Three of Ainsworth's attachment styles are listed below. Identify the correct incidence- ranking from MOST COMMON to LEAST COMMON, as assessed in the Strange Situation:

secure / avoidant / resistant

Jay Belsky demonstrated the differences in the information processing of infants who were securely and insecurely attached. Specifically, Blesky found that:

securely attached infants are better able to remember positive events, while insecurely attached infants are have better memory of negative ones.

Lewis (1989) claimed that the child does not feel embarrassment until after it is capable of:

self-recognition in photos or mirrors.

The child's social referencing first becomes evident by the early age of about:

seven months

During the Strange Situation Assessment, infants who ____ are thought to have an avoidant attachment style.

show little distress when separated from the parent and tend to ignore him/her.

Cuddles, a family dog, becomes wary and fretful when a stranger enters the home. Cuddles displays:

stranger anxiety.

Emotional attachments are:

strong affectional ties between parent and child.

The adaptive regulation of emotions involves:

suppressing some types of arousal while maintaining or intensifying others.

Ethological theory states that attachment develops automatically in order to promote:

survival.

Two parents have regular patterns of activity in their home with respect to feeding, changing, and soothing their baby. These patterns are called:

synchronized routines.

Temperament is considered to have a biological basis because:

temperamental correlations are stronger for identical twins than for fraternal twins.

Jerome Kagan's (1989) temperament hypothesis states that:

the Strange Situation measures temperament rather than attachment.

Ainsworth's (1979) caregiving hypothesis states that:

the infant's attachment style depends on the quality of care received from the caregiver.

John Milton's (c1660) famous quote, "The child shows the person as morning shows the day," could be a slogan for:

the stability of temperament.

Of the following, the statement that best describes the emergence of emotions would be:

the various emotions appear at roughly the same times in all normal infants over the first two years.