Chapter 10 Review

The rise of New York City in the first half of the 19th century was the result of

A superior natural harbor Liberal state laws that made the city attractive for both foreign and domestic commerce Unrivaled access to the interior The primary port of entrance for European immigrants

The greatest technical advances in the American Industry owed much to

American inventors

Technological advances that sped the growth of industry during this period:

Better machine tools Interchangeable tools New steam engines The development of wood stoves NOT: improved water-power generators

Credit mechanisms in the early 19th century were well designed and efficient.

FALSE.

Industrialization made no change in the nature and function of the American family.

FALSE.

The South was an important part of the national railroad network.

FALSE. The North was a more important part of the national railroad network.

The majority of immigrants during this time period came from Ireland and Russia.

FALSE. The majority of immigrants during this time period came from Ireland and GERMANY.

Reasons for American population increase:

Improvements in public health (mortality rates declined) High birth rate Immigration (revived in 1830s)- reduced transportation costs and increasing economic opportunities helped stimulate immigration boom, as did the deteriorating economic conditions in some areas of Europe. Also increasing flow of people from farms to cities

Most of the industrial growth experienced in the US between 1840 and 1860 took place in the

New England region and the Mid-Atlantic states

Artisans, displaced by the factory system, formed the first American labor unions.

TRUE

During the first half of the 19th century, the US grew more rapidly in population than Britain or Europe

TRUE

New York gained the most from the new transportation routes built in this era

TRUE

Railroads had so many advantages over canals that, where free competition existed, they almost always prevailed.

TRUE

The most conspicuous change in American life in the 1840s and 1850s was the rapid industrialization of the Northeast.

TRUE

When compared with working conditions in European industries, the Lowell Mills were almost paradise for working women.

TRUE

The railroad network that developed during this period linked

The Northeast to the Northwest

The beginnings of an industrial labor supply can be traced to

a dramatic increase in food production

The nativist laws wanted to

enact more restrictive naturalization laws

The Lowell, or Waltham, system of recruiting labor was to

enlist young WOMEN from farm families

In the middle-class family during this era, the role of women changed from

income producer to income consumer

One of the IMMEDIATE results of the new transportation routes constructed during the "canal age" was

increased white settlement in the Northwest

During the 1820s and 1830s, railroads

played only a secondary role in the nation's transportation system

The most profound economic development in the mid-19th century was the

rise of the factory

At the time it was completed, the Erie Canal was

the greatest construction project Americans had ever undertaken (linked Great Lakes to New York)

The telegraph

was first used to announce the victory of James K. Polk in the presidential election of 1844

The American population between 1820 and 1840

was migrating westward