Chapter 10: social institutions

charter school

A group of teachers and parents petition the state government to give them the autonomy to open a new elementary school that focuses on bilingual education and the arts. The new school will be this type of school.

structural functionalism

Randall Collins's The Credential Society

symbolic interactionism

Robert Rosenthal and Leonore Jacobson's Pygmalion in the Classroom

Heaven's Gate

cult

the Branch Davidians

cult

Protestantism

denomination

Shia

denomination

Which term is used to represent the most conservative group within any religion?

fundamentalist

sacred

the holy, divine, or supernatural

profane

the ordinary, mundane, or everyday

There are two types of monarchies: absolute and constitutional.

true

Place each education event in order, from earliest to most recent.

- A nation at risk report is released - school vouchers were first proposed - the common core state standards are developed - president Obama announced a federal Initiative to make community college tuition-free

Place each political protest in order, from earliest to most recent.

- protests against the Iraq War - the beginning of the BLM movement - Women's March on Washington - March for Our Lives

Place each event related to American democracy in order from first to last.

- the fifteenth amendment to the U.S constitution technically gave all adult males of all races voting rights - women earned the right to vote in the United states - native Americans were legally given the the right to vote in federal elections - residents of the District of Columbia (DC) were given the right to vote in presidential elections - the voting rights act officially removed all barriers and allowed African Americans to vote

In _____, President Obama launched the _______ program, a federal initiative to make community college attendance free for many students. Inspired by the success of _____ and Chicago's tuition-free community college programs, the initiative was aimed at helping millions of students by increasing community college accessibility (Parsons 2015). A new bill, __________, was introduced in the United States Senate in ____. In the meantime, _____ states have initiated their own college promise programs, and dozens of others have been started at local or regional levels (Mishory 2018).

2015 American College Promise Tennessee America's College Promise Act 2018 sixteen

What percentage of all students enrolled in college in the United States are enrolled in two-year community colleges?

35%

Identify the results of the 2010 Supreme Court ruling in the Citizens United v. Federal Election Committee case.

Case Result(s) - unlimited spending on campaigns by corporations, unions, and other noncampaign entities - the creation of Super PACs (political action committees) - over $1 billion spent in support of candidates in the 2016 presidential election Not Case Result(s) unlimited spending on campaigns by political parties

private school

Jamal's parents obtain a school voucher from the government because his neighborhood school has been consistently labeled "failing" by the state government. Jamal will now be able to attend this type of school.

unschooling

Jennifer's parents allow her to choose her own curriculum freely at home that allows her to direct her exploration of subject matter.

conflict theory

Jonathan Kozol's Savage Inequalities

Identify the true and false statements about social media and politics.

True Statement(s) - A filter bubble is created by search engine algorithms that deliver customized findings based on a user's online history and social media circles. False Statement(s) - In the 2016 presidential election, all three major-party candidates (Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, and Donald Trump) used Facebook and Twitter extensively in their campaigns, but Sanders stood out in the ways that he utilized these social media platforms. - Echo chambers refer to how fraudulent news stories can spread quickly online. - Fomenting distrust of reliable mainstream news outlets imperils their function as a check and balance on power that the framers of the Constitution had in mind.

Identify the true and false statements about religion.

True Statement(s) - Between 1990 and 2001, the number of Americans who described themselves as "fundamentalist Christians" tripled. - Many European groups are less than half as likely as Americans to say that religion is very important in their lives. - Approximately 23 percent of Americans claim no religious affiliation. False Statement(s) - Agnostics and atheists in the United States make up approximately 15 percent of the population.

Identify the true and false statements about charter schools.

True Statement(s) - Charter schools are public schools run by private entities, which operate with relative freedom from many of the bureaucratic regulations that apply to traditional public schools. - Charter schools face many challenges. False Statement(s) - School vouchers allow parents in neighborhoods where the public schools are inadequate to send their children to the charter school of their choice.

Identify the true and false statements about the value of a college degree.

True Statement(s) - If a student finishes a bachelor's degree in four years at an affordable college, it will take the student nine years after graduation to break even. - Selection of major is one of the most important variables in understanding whether a college degree is worth it. False Statement(s) - The average lifetime earnings for someone with a bachelor's degree is approximately $3 million. - Randall Collins argued that college will always be a good investment

Identify the true and false statements about the early education system.

True Statement(s) - In the Middle Ages, the church was the main educator. - The roots of what we would recognize as modern mass education can be traced back to the idealism of the European Enlightenment of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. False Statement(s) - Formal education systems in Western civilization began in Rome during the eighth century B.C.E. - Apprentice training education began in the fifteenth century.

Identify the true and false statements about educational inequality in the United States.

True Statement(s) - Individuals with a high school diploma have an unemployment rate about 2 percent higher than individuals with a bachelor's degree do. - Among young adults ages twenty-five to twenty-nine, women are more likely than men to have a bachelor's degree or higher. - Lifetime earnings for someone with a bachelor's degree are about 75 percent higher than for someone with only a high school diploma. False Statement(s) - Individuals from high-income families are three times as likely to earn a bachelor's degree as individuals from low-income families.

Identify the true and false statements about the connections between spirituality and college.

True Statement(s) - Researchers from UCLA developed five qualities of spirituality. - The qualities of spirituality have a positive effect on academic performance. - Civic engagement has a positive effect on spirituality. False Statement(s) - Spirituality declines among college students.

Identify the true and false statements about the relationship between media and politics.

True Statement(s) - The 2016 presidential election year started with most Americans—about three-quarters of both Republicans and Democrats alike—believing in the media's role as a "watchdog" for political leaders. - As much as the power of the media has transformed politics, the reverse is also true. False Statement(s) - The media have been referred to as the "Third Estate." - By the end of 2018, 38 percent of Democrats, compared to just 82 percent of Republicans, supported the idea of the media as political watchdog.

ritual

a practice based on religious beliefs

belief

a proposition or idea held on the basis of faith

Government is the formal, _________ agency that exercises power and control in modern society. Governments are vested with the power and authority to make laws and enforce them. __________ defined power as the ability to get others to do one's bidding. When sociologists talk about -_____________ they are referring to the legitimate,__________ exercise of power

organized max weber authority noncoercive

Mennonites

sect

the Amish

sect