Chapter 11

About ________ percent of the United States GDP is produced by the knowledge and information sectors.

55

Which of the following is a computer-based system that attempts to emulate human behavior?

AI technology

Which of the following seeks to enhance human perception by combining a live direct view of the physical world with computer-generated images?

AR

All of the following are typical components or capabilities of an ECM system except:

AR tools

Which type of intelligent agent models the behavior of consumers, stock markets, and more, by seeing them as autonomous agents that follow relatively simple rules for interaction?

Agent-based modeling

Which of the following stores descriptions of past experiences of human specialists in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a situation with similar characteristics? Expert systems LMS CBR Data mining Fuzzy logic

CBR

Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique?

Case-based reasoning

What is the first value-adding step in the knowledge business value chain?

Data and information acquisition

Which of the following techniques is used for knowledge discovery?

Data mining

You are advising a video production company on the best type of knowledge management system to help them archive digital video and sound clips. Which of the following will suit their needs?

Digital asset management system

Which of the following types of system enables organizations to digitize, index, and tag documents according to a coherent framework?

ECM

Which of the following are the three major types of knowledge management systems?

Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, KWS, and intelligent techniques

Which of the following would not be classified as a KWS?

Expert system

Knowledge workers include all of a company's workers who are tasked with managing or creating knowledge, from top-level scientists to clerical and data workers.

False

Semistructured information is all the knowledge in a firm that resides in the heads of experienced employees.

False

VRML requires the use of a powerful server as well as large amounts of bandwidth.

False

While systems such as KWS can manage semistructured and unstructured information, enterprise-wide content management systems are designed to manage a firm's structured information.

False

to automate routine tasks to help firms search for and filter information for use in electronic commerce and supply chain management a firm would most likely use which of the following?

Intelligent agent

What type of intelligent technique helped Procter & Gamble determine the most efficient methods for their trucks to deliver goods?

Intelligent agents

Which of the following statements about 3-D printing is not true?

It is incompatible with the cloud.

Which of the following does not describe the dimensions of knowledge in a firm? It is intangible. It is a cognitive event involving mental models. It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns. It is contextual and applicable only in relevant situations. It is enmeshed in a firm's culture.

It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns.

Specialized systems built for knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company are called:

KWS

What is meant by the statement "knowledge is sticky"?

Knowledge is hard to move.

Which of the following is not one of the main four dimensions of knowledge described in the chapter?

Knowledge is timeless.

Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of the importance of knowledge to a firm?

Knowledge is unconditional.

________ is the study of how computer programs can improve their performance without explicit programming.

Machine learning

Which of the following has a large number of sensing and processing nodes that continuously interact with each other?

Neural network

Which of the following is not used to capture tacit knowledge?

Neural network

Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic algorithms?

Neural networks are programmed to "learn."

Which of the following would not be considered semistructured knowledge?

Request for proposals

Both structured and unstructured documents can contain knowledge.

True

CAD and VRML are both types of KWS

True

Expert systems are typically used in business in discrete, highly structured decision-making situations.

True

Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization

True

Fuzzy logic can describe a particular phenomenon or process linguistically and then represent that description in a small number of flexible rules.

True

Structured knowledge is explicit knowledge that exists in formal documents and formal rules.

True

Backward chaining is:

a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis.

Forward chaining is:

a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user.

A MOOC is:

a type of online course.

Fuzzy logic is a type of:

an intelligent technique.

Which of the following is the last step in the knowledge management value chain?

apply

Virtually all expert systems deal with problems of:

classification

The text defines ________ as the flow of events or transactions captured by an organization's system.

data

Genetic algorithms:

develop solutions to particular problems using inheritance, crossover, and mutation.

All of the following are considered to be knowledge workers except:

executives

Expert systems are the primary tools used for knowledge discovery.

false

Expertise is thought to be the collective and individual experience of applying knowledge to the solution of problems.

false

Intelligent agents can discover underlying patterns, categories, and behaviors in large data sets.

false

Today's AI systems are about to come up with new and novel solutions to problems.

false

You are an automotive engineer working on an application that will automatically parallel park a car. The intelligent technique you may find most useful is:

fuzzy logic

Your company wants to develop intelligent techniques to create a "smart" oven that can perfectly cook basic foodstuffs, such as roasts and bread, using sensors and minimal input from the user. The system would know the difference between rare, medium rare, medium, and well done roasts. The category of intelligent technique that would describe this system is:

fuzzy logic

All of the following are intangible assets of a firm except its:

information systems.

Software programs that work without direct human intervention to carry out specific tasks for individual users, business processes, or software applications, are called

intelligent agents

The terms used in a fuzzy logic system to describe imprecise states or conditions are referred to as: inference engines. membership functions. tags. taxonomies. inference engines. neural networks.

membership functions.

A(n) ________ is a type of intelligent technique that finds patterns and relationships in massive data sets too large for a human to analyze.

neural network

Informal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests are called communities of:

practice

VR systems:

provide architects, engineers, and medical workers with precise, photorealistic simulations of objects.

CAD workstations:

provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing.

________ knowledge exists in formal documents, as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making behaviors.

structured

The text defines ________ as expertise of organizational members that has not been formally documented.

tacit knowledge

In content management, once a taxonomy is developed, documents must then be ________ with the proper classification.

tagged

The model of human knowledge used by expert systems is referred to as:

the knowledge base.

Expert systems are expensive and time consuming to maintain because:

their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules.

3-D printers can produce fully functioning components, such as working batteries and LEDs.

true

Document management systems are essentially large databases.

true

Hybrid AI applications are being implemented in home appliances, such as washing machines.

true

Knowledge is "sticky" and not easily moved.

true

All of the following are intelligent personal assistants for consumers except:

watson

CBR is not well-suited for diagnostic systems in medicine.

False

Expert systems work by applying a set of AND/OR rules against a knowledge base, both of which are extracted from human experts.

False

For a firm, organizational resources are unnecessary to transform data into knowledge.

False

Which of the following statements about genetic algorithms is not true? Genetic algorithms are able to evaluate many solution alternatives quickly to find the best one. Genetic algorithms use an iterative process to refine initial solutions so that better ones are more likely to emerge as the best solution. Genetic algorithms discover knowledge by using hardware and software that parallel the processing patterns of the biological or human brain. Genetic algorithms are used to solve problems that are very dynamic and complex, involving hundreds or thousands of variables or formulas. Genetic algorithms are based on techniques inspired by evolutionary biology.

Genetic algorithms discover knowledge by using hardware and software that parallel the processing patterns of the biological or human brain

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between collaboration and knowledge management?

Knowledge is useful only when shared with others.

Which of the following is a tool for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning?

LMS

The yellow first-down markers shown on televised football games are examples of AR.

True

Today's 3-D printers can create objects out of human cartilage.

True

An inference engine is:

a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system by forward chaining or backward chaining.

Systems that integrate different types of techniques, such as genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and expert systems, into a single application are called ________ systems.

hybrid AI

Apple's Siri application is an example of: machine learning. neural networks. CBR. AI. intelligent agents.

intelligent agents

Software programs that work without direct human intervention to carry out specific tasks for individual users, business processes, or software applications, are called:

intelligent agents.

Changing organizational behavior by sensing and responding to new experience and knowledge is called:

machine learning

Changing organizational behavior by sensing and responding to new experience and knowledge is called:

machine learning.

The set of business processes, culture, and behavior required to obtain value from investments in information systems is one type of:

organizational and management capital.

A(n) ________ is a scheme for classifying information and knowledge in such a way that it can be easily accessed.

taxonomy