Chapter 11
Wendy belongs to a support group of 100 married women, all who have children under the age of six. Approximately how many of these women are in the labor force?
62
Childbearing is considered a developmental task associated with what life stage?
Early adulthood
How do life roles change in adulthood?
Adulthood involves multiple roles that are increasingly complex.
Which factor is LEAST likely to be associated with high levels of satisfaction in marriage?
Agreeing not to have conflicts
Which of the following factors appears to play an important role in the mate selection process today as partners determine their similarity?
Agreement about the balance of work and family roles
What is likely to happen during Juanitas adulthood with respect to her life roles?
Her number of roles will increase.
Which of the following best describes voluntarily child-free couples?
High level of personal autonomy
Among the factors that contribute to social integration, which one is related to a high divorce rate?
High population change
In Crouter and Mankes analysis of dual-earner couples, which lifestyle experienced the greatest amount of role overload?
High-status couples
According to Krams model, in the early career phase, a persons concerns tend to focus on which of the following questions?
How involved and committed to the organization do I want to become?
Which of the following is TRUE of Heuveline and Timberlakes cross-national comparison of cohabitation?
It found six types of cohabiting relationships.
In research comparing gay and lesbian couples, which of the following statements is most accurate?
Lesbian couples have higher rates of satisfaction.
According to research, which couple would BEST be able to maintain their relationship quality in the face of economic distress?
Nancy and Paul, who exhibit cooperative, mutually respectful problem-solving strategies
Which of the following may occur during Phase II of the mate selection process and could lead to termination of the relationship?
Negative self-disclosure
Which of the following statements is considered a benefit of a dual-earner marriage?
Partners are more fully integrated into support systems based on multiple roles
Which of the following statements most accurately describes trends in the age of marriage?
People are marrying at later ages.
What does the term Glick Effect refer to?
People who drop out of high school or college have higher divorce rates than those who complete high school or college.
Raymond and Aeysha met for dinner at their favorite restaurant after work. After dating for 4 months, they were discussing childhood memories and family goals. Based on this information, what phase in the mate selection process are they in?
Phase II
According to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following is most likely to be considered Samuels first or primary human motive?
Physiological needs
Which behavior would NOT be considered a positive post-divorce coping strategy?
Reminiscing about the former spouse
Which factor is least likely to influence the original attraction to a partner in Phase I of the mate selection process?
Role compatibility
According to fulfillment theory, psychological growth is accomplished through what mechanism?
Setting goals and achieving them
Which of the following would be considered a developmental task of early adulthood?
Shayna explores intimate relationships.
Which term refers to social consensus about the period of life when one should assume or leave certain roles?
Social clock
Which factor is most associated with the advancing age of entry into early adulthood?
Stephans educational and occupational goals
What does data about divorce suggest?
That the probability of divorce is highest during the first years of marriage
In adulthood, ones beliefs and goals guide the nature of ones actions. Then actions create 3 / 19 a context for the revision of ones goals. This process illustrates which of the following ideas?
The bidirectional nature of development
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the adjustment process in the early years of marriage?
Usually, it is the number of demands rather than any single one that makes the adjustment process so difficult.
Which of the following is most accurate concerning differences in the communication styles of men and women?
Women tend to want to talk things out so everyone feels comfortable.
intimate relationships, parenting, and career choice.
a sense of purpose and meaning
In the partner selection process, role compatibility refers to
a sense that the two partners approach a situation in ways that work well together.
In a study of four decades of trends associated with having children, in the 1980s and 1990s people viewed childbearing
as more of an option than an obligation.
Whites term competence motivation refers to
behaviors motivated by desire to achieve a sense of mastery.
The style of interaction in which the probability of a negative remark will be followed by another negative remark as the conversation continues is called
coercive escalation.
The group of people who are roughly the same age during a particular historical period are referred to as a
cohort
How do sexual disorders contribute to the psychosocial crisis of isolation? People with sexual disorders have
difficulty integrating sexuality into meaningful, close relationships.
Because Tammy and Bradley have young children, they are more likely to rate communities with large numbers of older adults more favorably. A : true B : false
false
Jamies initial impressions in original attraction will be formed carefully over several dates with Keith. A : true B : false
false
Maria and Joses conflictual marriage will MOST LIKELY show an increase in marriage satisfaction after the birth of their first child. A : true B : false
false
Men and women have no difficulty establishing an egalitarian relationship at work. A : true B : false
false
Minority status is associated with many indicators of psychological weakness only for women and men. A : true B : false
false
Stanley and Eunice both have much higher levels of education and income than their neighbors, Lars and Karen. Therefore, Stanley and Eunice are more likely to divorce than Lars and Karen. A : true B : false
false
Compared to her heterosexual friends Jenna and Margot, Janice, who is in a lesbian relationship, is more likely to report
greater satisfaction with their sexual activity and greater dissatisfaction with relationship inequalities.
Among the Gusii tribe in Kenya, the goal of reproduction is to
have children as frequently as possible.
The principle of suggests that people are attracted to others who share important areas of similarity.
homogamy
The concept of mutuality is central to the resolution of the crisis of early adulthood and
infancy
The first few years of a committed relationship involve a process of
intersubjectivity
A tenuous personal identity is likely to stand in the way of achieving
intimacy
The ability to experience an open, supportive, tender relationship with another person without fear of losing ones identity is called
intimacy
Characteristics of lifestyle are based on the interaction of
intimate relationships, parenting, and career choice.
The negative pole of the psychosocial crisis of early adulthood is
isolation
In the work trajectory, getting hired, being promoted, and retirement are examples of
life course transitions.
The pattern of integration and sequencing of phases of work and family life is called the
life course.
How involved and committed to the organization do I want to become?
lifestyle
Moderate to strong feelings of attachment to a former spouse following divorce is
linked to greater difficulties in adjusting to divorce
In Juanas society, which would be best described as a collectivist culture, the choice of a marriage partner is more likely _________ than it would be in a culture that is individualistic.
made by family members
Men who entered fatherhood at a later age (after 30), when compared to young and on time fathers, were considered
more involved in parenthood.
The central process through which intimacy is acquired is
mutuality among peers.
Exposure to air pollution, contagious diseases, or dangerous chemicals are considered examples of
occupational hazards.
According to Sternberg, all types of love are a combination of three dimensions: intimacy, commitment, and
passion
In the mate selection process, men tend to emphasize _______ while women tend to emphasize _______ in their attraction to a partner.
physical appearance; social status
According to the model of the partner selection process presented in the text, people move from Phase I, original attraction, to Phase II, deeper attraction as increases.
positive self-disclosure
Although income, occupation, and education are important predictors of divorce, when you ask couples about the major cause for their divorce, they more frequently cite
problems in communication.
Social roles are often associated with other ______ roles, such as parent and child or teacher and student.
reciprocal
In Phase III of the mate selection process, the discovery of ______ and ______ give the couple a sense that their relationship has a life of its own.
role compatibility; empathy
The advantages of the dual-earner, multiple-role lifestyle can be offset when one or both partners experience
role overload.
Research indicates that in the United States, different social norms for ________ may be operating in the respective ethnic communities.
role sequencing
In Maslows theory, __________ is a motive that urges a person to make optimal use of his/her potential to become a more effective, creative participant in daily life.
self-actualization
Robert and Nanda are a cohabiting couple that belongs to a social group made up exclusively of other cohabiting couples. Twenty years ago, their group size would have been __________.
smaller
The degree to which people in a community have a sense of connection, including common values, is referred to as
social integration
Often, the decision to marry is a response to
the social clock.
In research that examined adaptation to the transition to parenthood, Belsky and Rovine found that
there were four patterns of change in marital quality.
Cohabitation may be a prelude to marriage or an alternative to marriage. A : true B : false
true
Harvinder and Jasper are feeling pressure to marry because of their cultural expectations. This is called endogamy A : true B : false
true
Perceived discrimination may undermine psychological wellbeing for Sharon, but probably not for Michael. A : true B : false
true
Though uncommon, workplace bullying is a growing concern. A : true B : false
true
A consensual union is considered a(n)
type of informal marriage.
Because of the age they both were when they married, Ingrid and Franco are more likely to get divorced than they would have been at any other age. How old were Ingrid and Franco when they married?
under 20
Of the four types of communication styles, what style do husbands and wives agree is most desirable?
Contactful
What is the relationship between personal identity and intimacy?
Couples who worked on identity are more likely to experience high levels of intimacy.
Why might a relationship break up once it has entered Phase IV, the right one relationship, of the mate selection process?
The partners are unable to make a commitment to marriage.
Which statement about couples who decide to remain childless is most accurate?
They are increasingly common in the U.S. and other industrialized nations.
Which of the following is considered a characteristic of chronically lonely people?
They expect social interactions to result in negative outcomes.
Which of the following is considered a characteristic of people who have experienced one or more inter-ethnic dating relationships?
They have an ethnically diverse group of friends.
Which of the following is most likely to occur after the birth of Liam and Danielas first child?
They will spend less time in leisure activities for just the two of them.
According to Elder, what are likely to be two central organizing features of Fredericas life course?
Trajectories and transitions
Michelle graduated from high school last month and is now preparing for her freshmen year in college. Michelles preparation for her first year in college is an example of which of the following life course terms?
Transition
What is an essential process that promotes growth in Rogers theory of personality development?
Experiencing and accepting the authentic self
In which cultural group is the principle of endogamy most likely to be encouraged when selecting a marriage partner?
Asian Indians
As a couple, Jorge and Suzanne become very anxious if either one makes an effort to become more independent or express individual opinions. Which term best describes their relationship?
Enmeshment
Emma has never felt comfortable in close relationships. She tries to develop close relationships, but finds it difficult to trust others. What type of attachment style best describes Emma?
Fearful avoidant
What is the biggest challenge in an individuals transition from the welfare system?
Finding a job with a salary that meets basic living expenses
Which of the following statements is one of the results of research by Ryff, Keyes, & Hughes on psychological well-being in midlife?
Minority status is associated with many indicators of strength for men and women.
Which factor is LEAST likely to be a source of stress associated with divorce?
More independence
Why is the idea of a cohort important in the study of development?
Ones cohort influences access to distinct resources and exposure to distinct stressors.
Which category is LEAST associated with the feelings of loneliness?
Nonverbal
To whom do gay and lesbian couples most often turn to validate and encourage their relationships?
Other members of the gay and lesbian community
Mutuality in a romantic relationship is associated with which of the following?
Relationship satisfaction
Work on intimate relationships may be postponed by which of the following?
School enrollment
Wilson and Juanita are both employed and have recently married. Based on the text readings about marital adjustment, what assumptions will they need to re-examine?
The division of labor in the family
Which behavior most determines whether an initial attraction between two people will move into a deeper attraction?
The couple disclose information about themselves that reveals basic similarities.
Since Freda and Manuel had high levels of conflict before their babys birth, what is likely to occur after their babys birth?
The level of conflict is likely to increase.
For gay and lesbian couples, what is the association between the couples satisfaction with each other and the extent to which they are out to family members?
There is no systematic association between a couples satisfaction with their relationship and being out to their family members.
Which of the following best characterizes the core pathology of exclusivity in early adulthood?
The shutting out of others
When workers are organized into teams, ______ .
a competitive orientation is likely to be fostered
