Chapter 11- Adolescents

92. Who is the least likely adolescent to bear her first child while married? A. Maria, a Mexican American B. Alisha, a Black adolescent C. Francine, an Asian American D. Sylvia, a White American

B. Alisha, a Black adolescent

13. When Ken is alone, he fantasizes about supermodels and masturbates. This type of behavior is called: A. nocturnal stimulation. B. autoerotic. C. sociosexual. D. sensual stimulation.

B. autoerotic.

57. Amy, a 15-year-old, lost her virginity to her boyfriend last night. Which of the following is Amy leastlikely to say? A. "I'm in love!" B. "I'm so worried—what if I'm pregnant!" C. "I'm so glad I'm no longer a virgin!" D. "I'm so excited!"

C. "I'm so glad I'm no longer a virgin!"

87. What percentage of American adolescents who become pregnant get an abortion? A. fewer than 2% B. 15% C. 33% D. 70%

C. 33%

34. Boys' initial interest in sex is motivated by ________ hormones, whereas girls' initial interest in sex is motivated by _______. A. testosterone; estrogen B. androgen; estrogen C. androgen; androgens and estrogen D. estrogen; testosterone

C. androgen; androgens and estrogen

18. Estimates of the prevalence of sexual intercourse among adolescents: A. are consistent across time. B. are consistent across samples. C. depend on the wording of the questions. D. are dependent on the sex of the researcher.

C. depend on the wording of the questions.

3. Sexual activity in adolescence is motivated by: A. desire to enhance status with peers. B. love and the desire for a serious emotional relationship. C. hormones. D. All of the above are true.

D. All of the above are true.

83. What is not a risk factor for contracting HIV? A. using drugs B. having unprotected sex C. having many sexual partners D. being male

D. being male

12. Which of the following is not typically considered to be autoerotic behavior during adolescence? A. sexual activity experienced alone B. sexual fantasies C. masturbation D. sexual intercourse

D. sexual intercourse

24. Approximately what percentage of American adolescents have had sexual intercourse before the end of their sophomore year of high school? A. 40% B. 60% C. 10% D. 75%

A. 40%

44. Which of the following statements about parent-adolescent communication about sex is not true? A. Adolescents are more receptive to having one "big talk" about sex than having multiple conversations over a period of time. B. Sexually active adolescents underestimate their parents' disapproval of sexual activity. C. Parents assume that if they disapprove of sexual activity, their adolescent is not likely to be sexually active. D. There seems to be a gap between what parents say they have discussed with their adolescent child and what adolescents say they have discussed with their parents.

A. Adolescents are more receptive to having one "big talk" about sex than having multiple conversations over a period of time.

According to research presented in the textbook, who is more likely to be sexually active: Ingrid, who lives in a single-parent home, or Leanne, who lives in a two-parent home? A. Ingrid B. Leanne C. Ingrid, but only immediately following her parents' divorce. D. Both girls are equally likely to be sexually active.

A. Ingrid

35. Which of the following is the most likely scenario for adolescent sexual activity? A. It takes place in the boy's home on a weekday after school. B. It takes place in the back of the boy's car on a weekend evening. C. It takes place in the girl's home on a weekend evening. D. It takes place at a friend's home on a weekday after school.

A. It takes place in the boy's home on a weekday after school.

93. Alice, a 16-year-old, gave birth to a baby boy last year. How will this affect the likelihood that her 13-year-old sister, Marie, will have a baby? A. It will increase. B. It will increase only if Marie is already sexually active. C. It will be unaffected. D. It will decrease.

A. It will increase.

94. Who is the most likely, after becoming pregnant, to have an abortion? A. Jamie, a White female living in the suburbs B. Kimberly, a White female who dropped out of high school C. Dotty, a Black female who dropped out of high school D. Tara, a Black female living in poverty

A. Jamie, a White female living in the suburbs

25. Which adolescent is most likely to engage in sexual intercourse at the youngest age? A. Laurence, a Black adolescent B. Michael, an Asian American adolescent C. Danny, a European American adolescent D. Jesse, a Hispanic adolescent

A. Laurence, a Black adolescent

96. According to the textbook, which adolescent is most likely to use contraception? A. Nancy, who had an abortion a year ago B. Geraldine, who had a baby a year ago C. Annie, who is not doing well in school D. Melanie, who lives in a state that requires parental notification for abortions

A. Nancy, who had an abortion a year ago

50. Which of the following is least likely to explain why growing up in a single-parent home affects girls' sexual behavior more than boys' sexual behavior? A. Social influences on sexual behavior are weaker for girls than for boys, thereby leading to fewer restraints on girls' sexual activities. B. Single mothers may be dating, thereby inadvertently acting as role models of sexual activity for their adolescent daughters. C. Girls are more likely than boys to look outside the family for warmth and support. D. There may be a genetic link inherited from the girls' fathers that increases daughters' sexual behavior.

A. Social influences on sexual behavior are weaker for girls than for boys, thereby leading to fewer restraints on girls' sexual activities.

16. Which of the following adolescents is more likely to move toward intercourse at an earlier age without as many intervening steps? A. Sotoko, an Asian American adolescent B. Miranda, a Latina adolescent C. Richard, a Black adolescent D. Torrie, a White adolescent

A. Sotoko, an Asian American adolescent

95. Which of the following statements about abortion and teen pregnancy is not true? A. There are no long-term differences between pregnant teenagers who do and do not seek abortion. B. Unplanned pregnancies are much more likely to be terminated by abortion among young women who are academically successfully and ambitious. C. Approximately one-third of teenage pregnancies result in abortion. D. Young women who terminate their pregnancy by abortion are less likely over the next two years to experience a subsequent pregnancy and more likely to practice contraception than those who do not abort their pregnancy.

A. There are no long-term differences between pregnant teenagers who do and do not seek abortion.

2. The textbook lists all of the following as reasons why sexuality in adolescence is a particularly important period during the life cycle, except: A. adolescence is the time when erotic feelings first emerge. B. puberty brings on physical changes that allow for sexual reproduction. C. cognitive changes in adolescence have a major impact on sexuality. D. it is not until adolescence that sexual activity begins to take on the social meaning it will continue to have throughout adulthood.

A. adolescence is the time when erotic feelings first emerge.

8. What is the best way to conceptualize adolescent sexual development? A. as gradual stages of increasing intimacy B. with the first event being intercourse C. as an isolated behavior D. there are no systematic patterns to adolescent sexual development

A. as gradual stages of increasing intimacy

52. The sexual ______ of males and females may be similar, but the sexual _____ of males and females is quite different. A. behavior; socialization B. socialization; behavior C. attitudes; experiences D. experiences; attitudes

A. behavior; socialization

73. What is the most common method of birth control among sexually active adolescents? A. condoms B. birth control pills C. withdrawal D. the rhythm method

A. condoms

84. Professor Bertrande understands that most adolescents she talks to are not likely to engage in abstinence. Her research has demonstrated that the next best way for adolescents to protect themselves against sexually transmitted diseases is: A. effective condom use during sex. B. use of the withdrawal method. C. use of the rhythm method. D. taking antiviral drugs before and after having sex.

A. effective condom use during sex.

29. The most common reasons that 14- to 15-year-olds give for abstaining from sex are: A. fear of disease and fear of pregnancy. B. parental and religious restrictions. C. concerns about their reputation and parental disapproval. D. negative attitudes about the physical aspects of sexual intercourse.

A. fear of disease and fear of pregnancy.

43. Generalizing from the textbook, if Nicky's parents want to slow down her sexual involvement, which of her parents should talk to her about sex? A. her mother B. her father C. Both of her parents should talk to her at the same time. D. Neither of her parents should talk to her about sex.

A. her mother

48. What family factor appears to predict adolescent sexual involvement, especially among girls? A. household composition B. mother's employment C. number of siblings D. parenting styles

A. household composition

91. According to the textbook, international disparities in rates of teenage childbearing are associated with: A. income equality and educational attainment. B. average income and educational attainment. C. the amount of independence a culture allows adolescents to have. D. the influence of the mass media.

A. income equality and educational attainment.

39. For adolescent boys, which of the following is the most important factor in determining the onset of sexual intercourse? A. increased levels of androgens B. availability of birth control C. the attitudes of friends toward sexual activity D. receiving sex education in school

A. increased levels of androgens

54. Research on risk factors for adolescent sexual activity has found all of the following, except: A. lack of parental support is a risk factor for boys but not for girls. B. as the number of risk factors increases, the likelihood of engaging in sexual intercourse increases. C. the same risk factors that predict sexual activity for White adolescents also predict sexual activity among ethnic minority adolescents. D. efforts aimed at predicting adolescent sexual activity must focus on more than one risk factor.

A. lack of parental support is a risk factor for boys but not for girls.

Which aspect of parent-adolescent communication about sex is likely to have a meaningful effect on the adolescent's behavior? A. parent-child communication specifically focused on the topic of contraception lowers the rate of risky sex B. parent-child discussion about whether the adolescent should have sex at all C. parent-child communication that involves an authoritarian approach with specific, rigid rules with respect to sexual activity D. parent-child communication that directly cautions their teenager against sex but avoids implying that sex is a moral or religious issue

A. parent-child communication specifically focused on the topic of contraception lowers the rate of risky sex

Research on teenage mothers indicates that: A. their infants are at heightened risk for school problems and other behavior problems in childhood. B. most of them unconsciously "wanted" to have a baby. C. within 2 to 3 years, their lives are similar to those of their peers who did not bear a child. D. they are better off psychologically than teenagers who had aborted their pregnancy.

A. their infants are at heightened risk for school problems and other behavior problems in childhood.

26. Ann, a 17-year-old, is still a virgin. If you had to guess, what race/ethnicity is Ann likely to be? A. Black B. Asian American C. Native American D. White

B. Asian American

15. How does the average age of first intercourse vary by geographical region? A. It doesn't—the average age of first intercourse is fairly similar around the world. B. The average age of first intercourse varies considerably around the world. C. The average of first intercourse is roughly the same in industrialized countries, giving support for the idea that sexual activity is driven primarily by biological development, not socialization practices. D. Because societies differ in their use of "sex" terminology, the average age of first intercourse is extremely difficult to compare across different geographical, temporal, and cultural contexts.

B. The average age of first intercourse varies considerably around the world.

69. Which of the following statements about sexual abuse during adolescence is false? A. Histories of individuals who commit dating violence suggest the perpetrators are likely to have been exposed to physical punishment and abuse at home. B. Younger children are more likely than adolescents to be abused and neglected. C. Adolescent victims of sexual abuse are disproportionately female and poor. D. Both perpetrators and victims of sexual assaults are often reluctant to admit the assault occurred.

B. Younger children are more likely than adolescents to be abused and neglected.

101. Although sex education programs have not been particularly successful in reducing the high rates of adolescent pregnancy, there is current optimism that _____ may be effective. A. encouraging sexual abstinence B. a comprehensive sex education C. family planning services D. having the unwed mother marry her baby's father

B. a comprehensive sex education

31. Experts who accept that sex is part of life for the average American teenager believe that all of the following create difficulties for our society, except: A. providing inadequate sex education. B. beginning sex education too early. C. limiting access to effective contraception. D. not dealing with the issue directly.

B. beginning sex education too early.

81. AIDS is transmitted through: A. casual contact. B. bodily fluids. C. kissing. D. mosquito bites.

B. bodily fluids.

88. The birthrate among adolescent women today is _____ in previous eras. A. impossible to compare to what it was B. considerably lower than it was C. higher than it was D. the same as it was

B. considerably lower than it was

22. According to national surveys, sexual activity among adolescents is occurring ______ it has in past decades. A. later than B. earlier than C. at the same time as D. earlier for boys but later for girls than

B. earlier than

30. The greatest increase in the prevalence of premarital intercourse has been among which group? A. males B. females C. minority males D. females from higher socioeconomic backgrounds

B. females

In addition to parental supervision, what else might help decrease the probability of adolescent sexual activity? A. insisting that adolescents come home right after school B. having adolescents participate in after-school programs C. having their fathers talk to them about the dangers of sexual involvement D. providing them with books on the risks of sexual involvement

B. having adolescents participate in after-school programs

78. Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is caused by a virus? A. gonorrhea B. herpes C. chlamydia D. trichomoniasis

B. herpes

23. Current research suggests that sexual intercourse during the high school years: A. has been slowly but steadily decreasing over the past decade. B. is part of the normative experience of adolescence in America. C. is higher among adolescents in the United States than in other industrialized countries. D. is more likely among girls than for boys.

B. is part of the normative experience of adolescence in America.

70. Which is not a risk factor for sexual abuse? A. living apart from one's parents B. living in a major city, compared to living in a rural area C. being raised in poverty D. having parents who abuse alcohol or other drugs

B. living in a major city, compared to living in a rural area

20. Researchers have found that with respect to reporting their sexual activity: A. if they are assured of confidentiality, it is unlikely that adolescents will give misinformation. B. males tend to overstate their level of activity. C. females tend to overstate their level of activity. D. males and females both tend to understate their level of activity.

B. males tend to overstate their level of activity.

76. The textbook suggests all of the following as ways to increase use of contraceptives among adolescents, except: A. ensure the availability of contraceptive devices to adolescents. B. offer sex education that teaches the fundamentals of contraceptive use once adolescents become sexually active. C. ensure open lines of communication so adolescents feel free to talk to adults about their sexual issues and concerns. D. portray sex in the media more responsibly, showing contraception use along with sexual activity.

B. offer sex education that teaches the fundamentals of contraceptive use once adolescents become sexually active.

46. Which of the following is not a good predictor of whether adolescents will engage in sexual activity? A. the adolescent's opportunity to have sex B. parent-adolescent communication C. having sexually active friends D. use of alcohol and other drugs

B. parent-adolescent communication

Which of the following is not considered an aspect of positive sexual development that the majority of adolescents face? A. becoming comfortable with one's maturing body B. reconciling feelings of sexual arousal with one's religious beliefs C. feeling comfortable in choosing to engage or not to engage in sexual activity D. understanding and practicing safe sex

B. reconciling feelings of sexual arousal with one's religious beliefs

56. Early sexuality for males is tinged with elements of ________, whereas for females it is more linked to feelings of _______________. A. intimacy; recreation B. recreation; intimacy C. enjoyment; guilt D. guilt; enjoyment

B. recreation; intimacy

19. A particular concern regarding the faster progression of sexual activity is an increased: A. push for autonomy from parents. B. risk of pregnancy. C. rate of adolescent marriages. D. risk for experimenting with alcohol and other drugs.

B. risk of pregnancy.

61. Todd would rather date men than women. This refers to Todd's: A. gender identity. B. sexual orientation. C. sex-role behavior. D. homophobia.

B. sexual orientation.

9. Beginning on Isaac's 13th birthday, his father wants to start a series of conversations with him about sex and the "birds and the bees." This process is called: A. sociosexual preparation. B. sexual socialization. C. permissive communication. D. human ecology.

B. sexual socialization

89. Which country has the highest rate of teen pregnancy? A. Sweden B. the United States C. England D. Israel

B. the United States

67. Date rape is when a young person is forced to have sex when he or she does not want to. Sexual coercion and date rape are more likely to occur when: A. a girl plays hard to get with her boyfriend. B. there is a large (3 or more years) age difference between a girl and her partner. C. a stranger attacks and sexually assaults a teenager. D. the teen's parents utilize an authoritarian style of parenting.

B. there is a large (3 or more years) age difference between a girl and her partner.

74. Research has indicated that many young people do not use contraception regularly for all of the following reasons, except: A. using contraception would indicate that they are planfully and willingly sexually active. B. they unconsciously desire to become pregnant. C. contraceptives may be difficult for them to obtain. D. their egocentric thinking leads them to believe that they are immune from getting pregnant or contracting sexually transmitted diseases.

B. they unconsciously desire to become pregnant.

100. According to research cited in the textbook, all of the following are reasons that some sex education programs fail, except: A. when they are introduced into the curriculum too late (after adolescents are already sexually active). B. when teachers are uncomfortable talking about the subject with students. C. when they focus primarily on changing students' knowledge rather than their behavior. D. when they emphasize abstinence-only sex education.

B. when teachers are uncomfortable talking about the subject with students.

Which of the following messages was not part of the large-scale media campaign targeted at reducing risky safe and the prevalence of STDs among Black youth? A. "using condoms would make sex worry-free and therefore more enjoyable" B. "waiting to have sex is a way of showing respect for your partner" C. "STDs are painful" D. "having a steady partner is a safe partner"

C. "STDs are painful"

59. Michael and Kayla are concerned because they noticed their 10-year-old son, Tom, engaging in sex play with a male friend. They ask a psychologist what she thinks. What did she probably say? A. "Tom is probably homosexual." B. "It is likely that Tom has been sexually abused." C. "Same-sex play among young adolescents is more common than many would think and nothing to worry about." D. "Tom needs to get counseling as this is a symptom of a larger psychological issue."

C. "Same-sex play among young adolescents is more common than many would think and nothing to worry about."

82. Approximately what percent of sexually active women between the ages of 14 and 19 have at least one of the following infections: HPV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, or trichomoniasis? A. 5% B. 20% C. 40% D. 80%

C. 40%

55. Which of the following statements about boys' first sexual experience is false? A. A boy's first sexual experience is usually through masturbation. B. Boys typically view sex as recreation. C. A boy's first sexual partner is likely to be someone he's in love with. D. Boys are more likely than girls to keep sex and intimacy separate.

C. A boy's first sexual partner is likely to be someone he's in love with.

64. Amy is a "straight" 16-year-old adolescent. Kelly, also 16, has discovered that she has homosexual interests. Which girl is most confused about her gender identity because of her sexual orientation? A. Amy B. Kelly C. Amy and Kelly are likely to be equally confused because gender identity is separate from sexual orientation. D. Neither Amy nor Kelly will be confused about their gender, because they understand their sexual orientations.

C. Amy and Kelly are likely to be equally confused because gender identity is separate from sexual orientation.

11. Why should data that is obtained by asking adolescents to self-report whether they are still virgins be interpreted with caution? A. Adolescents are likely to lie about whether they are still virgins. B. Adolescents are likely to give the response that they think the researcher wants to hear. C. It is dependent on how adolescents interpret what it means to be a "virgin." D. There is a selection bias, with substantial between-person differences between those who choose to answer this question and those who typically leave this question blank.

C. It is dependent on how adolescents interpret what it means to be a "virgin."

47. What do researchers believe explains why some individuals who engage in precocious, promiscuous, or unprotected sex are also highly likely to engage in other types of delinquent behavior? A. It is likely that risky sexual behavior causes other types of risky and delinquent behaviors. B. It is likely that risky and delinquent behaviors cause risky sexual activity. C. It is likely that risky sexual behavior and other types of risky behavior are both symptoms of a certain personality profile which makes individuals more likely to behave risky in general. D. These two behaviors are likely spuriously related by a third, unrelated (and unmeasured) variable.

C. It is likely that risky sexual behavior and other types of risky behavior are both symptoms of a certain personality profile which makes individuals more likely to behave risky in general.

102. Kate is a Black teen mom and has decided to move back to her parents' home. Which of the following statements is not true? A. Kate is more likely to stay in school. B. Living with parents might actually undermine the development of Kate's parenting skills and increase her likelihood of getting pregnant again. C. It would be best if Kate lived with her parents for an extended period. D. Problems in the relationship between Kate and her mother can adversely affect Kate's mental health.

C. It would be best if Kate lived with her parents for an extended period.

60. Which of the following statements about sexual orientation in adolescence is false? A. Thirteen percent of girls, compared to 6% of boys, report having had same-sex attractions, a non-heterosexual orientation, or engaging in same-sex activity during adolescence. B. Approximately 2 to 5% of adolescents identify themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. C. Researchers have been able to identify consistent predictors for adolescents who will later identify themselves as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. D. The majority of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender adults engaged in heterosexual activity during adolescence.

C. Researchers have been able to identify consistent predictors for adolescents who will later identify themselves as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender.

Until recently, what aspect of teenage sexuality did social scientists focus on? A. Until the late 1990s, it was taboo to study teenage sex. B. Just like identity, autonomy, and intimacy, researchers have always studied the normative aspects of adolescent sexuality. C. Until fairly recently, researchers only focused on the problematic aspects of adolescent sexuality (precocious sex, promiscuous sex, unsafe sex, etc.). D. Until fairly recently, most researchers were preoccupied with understanding adolescent sexuality and, as a result, important topics, such as promiscuous sex and unsafe sex, were neglected.

C. Until fairly recently, researchers only focused on the problematic aspects of adolescent sexuality (precocious sex, promiscuous sex, unsafe sex, etc.).

Fourteen-year-old Sarah began "acting out" behaviors that her teacher had never observed in her before, such as a decline in self-esteem, sexual promiscuity, and risky behavior. Sarah's teacher suspects that Sarah is: A. pregnant. B. fighting with her boyfriend. C. a victim of sexual abuse. D. questioning her sexual orientation.

C. a victim of sexual abuse.

72. Suzanne has just found out that her 13-year-old daughter had been sexually abused by her piano teacher. According to research presented in the textbook, what type of problems is Suzanne's daughter most likely to face? A. dissociative disorders B. psychopathic disorders C. academic difficulties D. infertility

C. academic difficulties

97. Greg, a 17-year-old, has gotten his girlfriend pregnant. If he is typical of other males who impregnate adolescent women, we would expect him to experience all of the following, except: A. low self-esteem. B. school or work problems. C. an increased sense of responsibility and optimism about the future. D. problems with alcohol and other drugs.

C. an increased sense of responsibility and optimism about the future.

Compared to adolescent women who choose to have their child, adolescents who abort their pregnancy: A. are typically filled with feelings of self-doubt and insecurity. B. are more likely to have a children over the following 2 years. C. are psychologically, socially, and economically better off. D. less likely to practice contraception.

C. are psychologically, socially, and economically better off.

85. Recent research on promoting safe-sex behaviors among adolescents has suggested all of the following, except: A. it is more effective to focus on adolescents' motives and social relationships, rather than their knowledge about safe sex. B. adolescents are often unaware that their partners may be having sex with others as well. C. being aware of the risk of STDs is sufficient to ensure safe sex practices among adolescents. D. it may be important to use different strategies for sexually active and inexperienced adolescents.

C. being aware of the risk of STDs is sufficient to ensure safe sex practices among adolescents.

66. According to the textbook, which adults are most likely to describe their fathers as distant and rejecting? A. bisexual males B. homosexual males C. bisexual and homosexual adolescents D. transgender males

C. bisexual and homosexual adolescents

109. Evaluations of school-based clinics have found that: A. they increase adolescents' use of contraception. B. they appear to increase adolescents' sexual activity. C. contrary to parents' concerns, they do no appear to increase sexual activity. D. they are largely effective, especially among White and Hispanic youths.

C. contrary to parents' concerns, they do no appear to increase sexual activity.

14. Which of the following illustrates the typical sequence of sexual behavior among adolescents? A. masturbation; kissing; sexual intercourse; oral intercourse B. kissing; masturbation; touching genitals through clothes; sexual intercourse C. masturbation; feeling breasts through clothes; feeling a penis under clothes; sexual intercourse D. kissing body parts; making out; sexual intercourse; oral intercourse

C. masturbation; feeling breasts through clothes; feeling a penis under clothes; sexual intercourse

105. Studies of the long-term consequences of adolescent parenthood indicate that the problems associated with it: A. are actually relatively minor, and research studies have difficulty replicating the findings. B. may actually be greater for the children than for their mothers. C. may actually be greater for the mothers than for their children. D. are likely limited to psychological and emotional domains.

C. may actually be greater for the mothers than for their children.

41. In contrast to delinquent individuals who engage in sex in a romantic relationship, at least one research study found that delinquent adolescents who engage in casual sex: A. are more depressed and have more psychological issues. B. tend to have very similar genetic and psychological profiles to individuals who abstain from sex. C. may have genes that influence both the propensity to engage in delinquency and the tendency to seek opportunities to have sex "just for fun," which is consistent with other research on the genetic basis of traits like sensation seeking and impulsivity. D. tend to have parents that have very conservative attitudes toward sexuality.

C. may have genes that influence both the propensity to engage in delinquency and the tendency to seek opportunities to have sex "just for fun," which is consistent with other research on the genetic basis of traits like sensation seeking and impulsivity.

Research assessing parent-adolescent communication about sex has found all of the following, except: A. although parents may indicate that they talked to their adolescents about a topic, such as sexually transmitted diseases, their adolescents are likely to say they have not. B. parents believe that if they express their disapproval of sexual activity, their adolescents will not be sexually active. C. parent-adolescent communication about sex significantly lowers adolescents' likelihood of being sexually active. D. parent-adolescent communication about contraception lowers the rate of risky sex.

C. parent-adolescent communication about sex significantly lowers adolescents' likelihood of being sexually active.

68. Professor Snapes is conducting research on sexual harassment of adolescents. He is likely to learn all of the following, except: A. sexual harassment is widespread within American public schools. B. a significant number of adolescents report having been sexually harassed by their teachers. C. school-based programs aimed at reducing sexual harassment, such as a program called Safe Dates, have had long-term success. D. the majority of adolescents who have been sexually harassed had themselves harassed others.

C. school-based programs aimed at reducing sexual harassment, such as a program called Safe Dates, have had long-term success.

40. For adolescent girls, which of the following is the most important factor in determining the onset of sexual intercourse? A. increased levels of androgens B. availability of birth control C. the attitudes of friends toward sexual activity D. receiving sex education in school

C. the attitudes of friends toward sexual activity

Although the rate of sexual activity among adolescents in the United States does not differ much from that reported by other industrialized countries, the rate of teenage pregnancy in the United States is: A. in the top third of all industrialized countries. B. in the bottom third of all industrialized countries. C. the highest in the world among industrialized countries. D. average as compared to other industrialized countries.

C. the highest in the world among industrialized countries.

99. The adverse outcomes of being born to an adolescent mother are generally a result of all of the following, except: A. characteristics of the mother. B. characteristics of the mother's family environment. C. the immature reproductive system of an adolescent mother. D. prenatal malnutrition.

C. the immature reproductive system of an adolescent mother.

6. "Sexual socialization" refers to: A. a person's sexual orientation. B. a person's social skills in sexual relationships. C. the way in which an individual is exposed to and educated about sexuality. D. the degree to which an individual is comfortable with his or her sexuality.

C. the way in which an individual is exposed to and educated about sexuality.

27. As compared with females whose first intercourse occurs after age 18, those who engage in sexual intercourse at a younger age are likely to report that: A. they were sexually curious. B. they were in love with their partner. C. their first sexual experience was involuntary. D. their sex partner was approximately the same age.

C. their first sexual experience was involuntary.

10. What type of behaviors does the term noncoital activity refer to? A. kissing B. touching parts of each other's body through clothes C. touching or kissing each other's naked body D. All of the above behaviors are considered noncoital.

D. All of the above behaviors are considered noncoital.

21. Compared with studies conducted in the mid-1990s: A. the adolescents who choose to engage in sexual intercourse are doing so at an earlier age. B. fewer adolescents today are engaging in sexual intercourse. C. regional and ethnic variations make it difficult to generalize about an average age for sexual intercourse for American adolescents. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

33. Tim and Carol are upset because they recently discovered that their 13-year-old daughter has already engaged in sexual intercourse. What other types of problems is their daughter likely to have? A. drug and alcohol problems B. low interest in academics C. tolerance of deviant behavior D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

65. Studies suggest which of the following are antecedents of homosexuality? A. biological factors B. social factors C. the interaction between biological and social factors D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

17. Members of which of the following racial groups are most likely to become sexually experienced at earlier ages? A. White adolescents B. Hispanic adolescents C. Asian American adolescents D. Black adolescents

D. Black adolescents

28. ______ is the peak month for adolescents in a serious relationship to have their first intercourse. A. January B. March C. September D. December

D. December

Jeannette, a 17-year-old, has decided to engage in sexual intercourse with her boyfriend. Tammy, also 17, has decided to abstain from sex until she is older. Which adolescent is more likely to experience psychological disturbances? A. Jeannette B. Tammy C. Neither Tammy nor Jeannette, because they have made mature decisions. D. Normative sexual activity during late adolescence is not associated with psychological disturbance.

D. Normative sexual activity during late adolescence is not associated with psychological disturbance

75. Which adolescent is most likely to use contraception effectively while engaging in sex? A. Vanessa, who feels guilty about having sex with her boyfriend B. Lynn, who belongs to a conservative religious faith C. Vesta, who had previously pledged to remain a virgin D. Tasha, who is sexually active and relatively conventional

D. Tasha, who is sexually active and relatively conventional

53. According to research by Small and Luster, which adolescent is most likely to engage in early sexual activity? A. Chelsea, who lives in a low SES/disadvantaged neighborhood B. Ryan, who has many antisocial peers C. Frank, someone who has completely disengaged from school D. The adolescent most likely to engage in early sexual activity is one that has a combination of the above risk factors.

D. The adolescent most likely to engage in early sexual activity is one that has a combination of the above risk factors.

62. Bill is a very feminine man. Based on this sex-role behavior, one would predict that Bill is probably: A. homosexual. B. heterosexual. C. bisexual. D. There is no connection between sex-role behavior and sexual orientation.

D. There is no connection between sex-role behavior and sexual orientation.

63. Because Andrea is a lesbian, she is more likely to exhibit what types of behaviors? A. feminine behaviors B. masculine behaviors C. androgynous behaviors D. There is no connection between sex-role behavior and sexual preference.

D. There is no connection between sex-role behavior and sexual preference.

106. One study indicated that there is quite a bit of diversity among teenage mothers in their transitions to adulthood. Which of the following is not one of the three groups of teen moms identified in Oxford and colleague's study? A. a problem-prone group that had chronic problems in many areas of life B. a psychologically vulnerable group that had high rates of mental health problems but were able to transition into adult roles with some degree of success C. a group who seemed to develop "typically" and made successful transitions into adult roles D. a group of individuals who bounced back and forth between identities and scored alarmingly low on all measures of "life satisfaction" (higher scores = more satisfaction)

D. a group of individuals who bounced back and forth between identities and scored alarmingly low on all measures of "life satisfaction" (higher scores = more satisfaction)

51. An analysis of "virginity pledges" that encourage adolescents to promise to abstain from premarital sex has found that: A. pledging works equally well for adolescents of all ages. B. pledging has a big effect in schools in which few students take the pledge. C. pledging works well in schools in which nearly everyone takes the pledge. D. about 82% of adolescents who take a virginity pledge will deny having done so five years later.

D. about 82% of adolescents who take a virginity pledge will deny having done so five years later.

36. Which of the following is not associated with risky sex behavior? A. having parents who engage in low parental monitoring B. having delinquent peers who are sexually active C. having a stronger orientation toward independence D. being exposed to pornography

D. being exposed to pornography

77. Sexual activity in the United States is _____ in other industrialized countries, and the rate of pregnancy is _____. A. higher than; higher B. lower than; the same C. comparable; the same D. comparable; higher

D. comparable; higher

Both _____________ are cause by a bacterium, whereas ____________ are caused by a virus. A. chlamydia and herpes; gonorrhea and human papilloma virus B. gonorrhea and herpes; chlamydia and human papilloma virus C. human papilloma virus and gonorrhea; chlamydia and herpes D. gonorrhea and chlamydia; herpes and human papilloma virus

D. gonorrhea and chlamydia; herpes and human papilloma virus

108. The comprehensive sex education discussed in the textbook has all of the following elements except: A. it must teach adolescents how to refuse unwanted sex and avoid unintended sex. B. it must increase adolescents' motivation to engage in safe sex. C. it must change perceptions about peer norms and attitudes. D. it must reduce adolescents' likelihood of having sex.

D. it must reduce adolescents' likelihood of having sex.

103. According to the textbook, which of the following is not something that policymakers have called for to ensure young mothers have an adequate income and the chance for adequate employment? A. adaptations in school schedules and the development of school-based child-care centers B. the expansion of subsidized child-care for young mothers who are out of school C. the expansion of family planning services to adolescent mothers D. laws that ensure companies cannot discriminate against teen mothers

D. laws that ensure companies cannot discriminate against teen mothers

104. According to the textbook, evaluations of programs aimed at enhancing teen mothers' access to adequate income and employment have found that: A. while enhancing teen mothers' employability has not been successful, decreasing their reliance on welfare has been hugely successful. B. both decreasing teen mothers' reliance on welfare and preventing their subsequent pregnancies have been successful. C. programs aimed at preventing future pregnancies have been successful, but programs aimed at enhancing teen mothers' employability have been largely disappointing. D. programs aimed at enhancing teen mothers' employability and preventing their subsequent pregnancies have been largely disappointing.

D. programs aimed at enhancing teen mothers' employability and preventing their subsequent pregnancies have been largely disappointing.

Generalizing from the textbook, Marge is most likely to have her first sexual encounter with a: A. younger partner. B. classmate. C. casual acquaintance. D. steady boyfriend.

D. steady boyfriend.

38. Boys' and girls' initial interest in sex is influenced primarily by the surge in levels of: A. progesterone. B. estrogen. C. ACTH. D. testosterone.

D. testosterone.

7. Most research with respect to oral sex between adolescents has indicated that: A. in general, most teenagers are more likely to engage in vaginal intercourse than oral sex. B. many teenagers give and receive oral sex promiscuously. C. there is a large proportion of adolescents who exclusively engage in oral sex. D. the vast majority of teenagers who engage in oral sex also engage in sexual (vaginal) intercourse and promiscuity is not the norm for either activity.

D. the vast majority of teenagers who engage in oral sex also engage in sexual (vaginal) intercourse and promiscuity is not the norm for either activity.

79. Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is caused by a parasite? A. gonorrhea B. herpes C. chlamydia D. trichomoniasis

D. trichomoniasis

4. Sex play that is innocuous during childhood is no longer innocuous during adolescence because: A. children report erotic feelings before puberty. B. the hormonal changes of puberty result in an increased sex drive in adolescence. C. children are not capable of kissing, petting, masturbating, or sexual intercourse before puberty. D. with puberty, pregnancy becomes a serious possibility.

D. with puberty, pregnancy becomes a serious possibility.