Chapter 11: Artificial Intelligence & Automation

Knowledge Base

A component of the expert system that stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases and relationships used by the expert system.

Artificial Neural Network

A computer system that can recognize and act on patterns or trends that it detects in large sets of data; developed to operate like the human brain.

Rule

A conditional statement that links conditions to actions or outcomes.

Knowledge Engineer

A person who has training or experience in the design, development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system.

IF-THEN Statement

A rule that suggests certain conclusions.

Deep Learning

Allows programs to grow and learn from examples provided by users, either typed or spoken.

Genetic Algorithms

An approach to solving problems based on the theory of evolution; uses the concept of survival of the fittest as a problem-solving strategy.

Explanation Facility

Component of an expert system that allows a user or decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results.

Semi-Supervised Learning

Machine learning using a combination of supervised and unsupervised learning techniques.

Supervised Learning

Machine learning using a labeled data set and examples to produce output that is compared to a predefined correct output.

Unsupervised Learning

Machine learning using an unlabeled data set and no examples. The data is labeled through observations, and learning is through observation.

Reinforced Learning

Machine learning using trial and error on an unlabeled data set. Learning is gained through positive and negative feedback.

Knowledge Acquisition Facility

Part of the expert system that provides a convenient and efficient means of capturing and storing all the components of the knowledge base.

Inference Engine

Part of the expert system that seeks information and relationships from the knowledge base and provides answers, predictions, and suggestions, often taking the place of the human experts.

Optical Character Recognition

Technology that distinguishes printed or handwritten text in a digital image, such as a scanned document, that is converted into a computer-generated document, such as a PDF.

Brain Computer Interface

Technology that interacts with a human's neural structure (brain) and translates the information (thoughts) into activity (actions).

Robotics

Technology using a combination of mechanical engineering, computer science, and machine learning to create a device that can perform tasks with a high degree of precision.

Machine Learning

The ability of a computer to learn without having a programmer change the software for every scenario it encounters.

Intelligent Behavior

The ability to learn from experiences and apply knowledge acquired form those experiences; to handle complex situations; to solve problems when important information is missing; to determine what is important and to react quickly and correctly to a new situation; to understand visual images, process and manipulate symbols, and be creative and imaginative; and to use heuristics.

Artificial Intelligence

The ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the human brain.

Natural Language Processing

The part of machine language that allows computers to understand, analyze, manipulate, and generate natural language for processing.

AI Systems

The people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that can simulate human intelligence processes, including learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach conclusions), and self-correction (using the outcome from one scenario to improve its performance on future scenarios.

Knowledge User

The person or group who uses and benefits from the expert system.

Augmented Reality

Vision system software that takes computer-generated images and superimposes them on a user's view of the world through the use of specialized glasses or goggles.

Backward Chaining

A strategy used by the inference engine to determine how a decision was made.

Forward Chaining

A strategy used by the inference engine to process data using a set of known facts to make decisions.

Perceptive System

A system that approximates the way a person sees, hears, and feels objects.

Heuristics

A trial-and-error method of problem solving used when an algorithmic or mathematical approach is not practical.

Development Engine

Engine that builds the sets of rules and processes used by AI systems.

Intelligent Agent

Programs and a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, a process, or another program.

Expert Systems

The decision-making computer systems in AI, designed to be the most advanced and most reliable in solving complex problems.

Vision Systems

The hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and manipulate visual images.

Domain Expert

The person or group with the expertise or knowledge the expert system is trying to capture (domain).

Upskill

The practice of training a workforce to perform higher-skilled roles to ensure they meet their full potential.