Chapter 11: Atomic Nature of Matter

How are most of the elements with nuclei heavier than those of hydrogen and helium formed? A) Nuclear fusion in stars B) Nuclear fission in supernovas

A) Nuclear fusion in stars

What does the atomic number of an element tell you about the element? A) The number of protons in its nucleus B) The number of nucleons in its nucleus C) The number of neutrons in its nucleus D) The number of electrons in its nucleus

A) The number of protons in its nucleus

Which of the following is NOT a compound? A) air B) water C) ammonia D) salt E) all are compounds

A) air

What are the five most common elements in humans? A) C, H, O, N, and Fe B) C, H, O, N, and Ca C) H2O, O2, Ca, N2, and C D) H, He, C, O, and N

B) C, H, O, N, and Ca

What kind of attraction pulls electrons close to the atomic nucleus? A) Nuclear B) Electric C) Gravitational D) Magnetic

B) Electric

Which of the following are negatively charged? A) Protons B) Electrons C) Neutrons D) Atomic nuclei

B) Electrons

Which of these atoms has the largest number of neutrons in the nucleus? A) Helium B) Gold C) Hydrogen D) Carbon

B) Gold

What is the most abundant element in the known universe? A) Iron B) Hydrogen C) Helium D) Carbon

B) Hydrogen

What occurs when a proton and an antiproton meet? A) They do not interact in any way. B) They annihilate each other. C) They gravitationally repel each other. D) They electrically repel each other.

B) They annihilate each other.

Are most of the atoms around us younger or older than the Sun? A) Most are much younger than the Sun B) Most are the same age as the Sun C) Most are older than the Sun D) Most are younger than the Sun

C) Most are older than the Sun

How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when an electric current is in it? A) 2 B) 1 C) 4 D) 3 E) none of the above

A) 2

If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter, the amount of mass to survive is A) 999 grams. B) 1 gram. C) 1 kilogram. D) 1.1 kilogram.

A) 999 grams

Why can't atoms be seen with a powerful optical microscope? A) Atoms are much smaller than a wavelength of light. B) Atoms are transparent and do not interact with light. C) Atoms are crystal clear and light passes right through them. D) All of the above

A) Atoms are much smaller than a wavelength of light.

Which of the following elements has the most mass? A) uranium B) lead C) iron D) hydrogen E) all have the same mass

A) uranium

How does one isotope differ from another? A) It has a different electric charge. B) It has a different number of neutrons. C) It has a different number of protons. D) It has a different number of electrons.

B) It has a different number of neutrons.

How does the electric charge of a proton compare with the electric charge of an electron? A) It is equal. B) It is equal and opposite. C) It is about 2000 times larger. D) It is about 2000 times larger and opposite in sign.

B) It is equal and opposite.

Where did the heaviest elements originate? A) Nuclear fission in stars B) Nuclear fission in supernovas

B) Nuclear fission in supernovas

Why aren't heavier elements much larger than lighter elements? A) Larger gravitational forces pull electrons into closer orbits. B) The larger positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons into closer orbits. C) Larger nuclear forces pull the electrons into closer orbits. D) Larger magnetic forces pull electrons into closer orbits.

B) The larger positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons into closer orbits.

The chemical properties of matter are due mostly to their A) neutrons. B) electrons. C) protons.

B) electrons.

An isotope is simply an atom that A) is electrically charged. B) has different numbers of neutrons for the same element. C) both of these D) neither of these

B) has different numbers of neutrons for the same element.

An important feature of atoms is that they A) make up electric beams B) have wave properties C) can barely be seen with the naked eye D) are actually tiny solar systems

B) have wave properties

If no molecules in a body could escape, would the body have any odor? A) yes B) no

B) no

When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is A) not involved. B) released by the reaction. C) absorbed by the reaction

B) released by the reaction.

If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would A) be able to photograph individual atoms, even though we couldn't see them. B) still not be able to see or photograph an atom. C) be able to see individual atoms.

B) still not be able to see or photograph an atom.

Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by A) radiant energy conversion. B) thermonuclear fusion. C) photosynthesis. D) radioactivity. E) none of the above

B) thermonuclear fusion.

How many different kinds of elements are in a water molecule? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) none

B) two

The chance that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your previous breath will be inhaled in your next breath is A) zero. B) very high. C) very low.

B) very high.

Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is A) 8 times as great. B) 12 times as great. C) 16 times as great. D) appreciably more than 16 times as great.

C) 16 times as great.

How many atoms are in this carbohydrate molecule, C6H12O6? A) 18. B) 14. C) 24. D) 3. E) none of the above

C) 24.

What is a compound? Cite two examples. A) Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2 B) The same types of atoms bonded together: H2 and N2 C) Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O D) Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand

C) Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O

Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't we fall through a floor we stand on? A) The atoms are always in motion, so they collide often. B) The positively charged nuclei repel each other. C) Electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another. D) Positively charged nuclei attract electrons from neighboring atoms, so they always collide.

C) Electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another.

What is the evidence that dark matter exists? A) When dark matter falls into a black hole, it emits light. B) When dark matter clouds collide, they emit light. C) Gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter. D) Dark matter blocks distant light and can be seen as dark clouds in space.

C) Gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter.

Where in the atom is most of its mass concentrated? What is this mass composed of? A) In a cloud of nucleons surrounding the nucleus B) In the electron cloud C) In the nucleus as protons and neutrons D) In the nucleus as electrons

C) In the nucleus as protons and neutrons

Compared with the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, how much energy is released when they recombine? A) No energy is released when they recombine. B) More energy is released when they recombine. C) The same amount of energy is released when they recombine. D) Less energy is released when they recombine.

C) The same amount of energy is released when they recombine.

A nucleon has a mass of about A) 1 atomic mass unit. B) 1 amu. C) both are the same. D) none of the above

C) both are the same.

Atoms can be photographed by A) scanning electron microscopes. B) electron beams. C) both of these D) neither of these

C) both of these

The difficulty of taking a photograph of an atom with light is A) unwanted diffraction. B) that atoms are smaller than wavelengths of light. C) both of these D )neither of these

C) both of these

Heavy atoms are not appreciably larger in size than light atoms because the nuclei of heavy atoms have more A) nucleons. B) mass. C) electric charge. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C) electric charge.

Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? A) mercury B) gold C) lead D) silver

C) lead

A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are A) invisible. B) held together by electrical forces. C) mostly empty space themselves. D) in perpetual motion. E) not as close together as they could be.

C) mostly empty space themselves.

Mass number refers to the number of A) neutrons in the nucleus. B) protons in the nucleus. C) nucleons in the nucleus.

C) nucleons in the nucleus.

Atomic number refers to the number of A) nucleons in the nucleus. B) neutrons in the nucleus. C) protons in the nucleus.

C) protons in the nucleus.

What is meant by the term nucleon? A) An electron B) Antimatter C) A quark D) A proton or neutron

D) A proton or neutron

The charge in the nucleus of an antimatter hydrogen atoms is A) exotically different than positives and negatives B) positive C) neutral, no charge D) negative

D) negative

A pair of helium nuclei fused together produces A) carbon. B) helium isotope. C) iron. D) lithium. E) beryllium.

E) beryllium.

Which of the following is NOT a mixture? A) air B) granite C) cake D) beach sand E) none of the above

E) none of the above

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? A) helium B) iron C) gold D) carbon E) uranium

E) uranium

What element results if two protons and two neutrons are ejected from a radium nucleus?

Radon

What element has the lightest atoms? A) Hydrogen B) Lithium C) Positronium D) Helium

A) Hydrogen

A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is A) an electrical force. B) a friction force. C) a nuclear force. D) a gravitational force. E) none of the above

A) an electrical force.

To become a negative ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron? A) gains B) loses

A) gains

The electrical force is stronger between the nucleus and an inner electron for atoms of A) high atomic number. B) low atomic number. C) both of these D) neither of these

A) high atomic number.

Although solid matter is mostly empty space, we don't fall through the floor because A) of nuclear forces. B) of electrical forces. C) of gravitational forces. D) atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero. E) none of the above

B) of electrical forces.

The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of A) neutrons in the nucleus. B) orbital electrons. D) electron shells that surround the nucleus. D) none of the above

B) orbital electrons.

What is a mixture? Cite two examples. A) The same types of atoms bonded together: H2 and N2 B) Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O C) Atoms pressed together without bonding: H2O and H2 D) Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand

D) Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand

How does the approximate number of atoms in the air in your lungs compare with the number of breaths of air in Earth's atmosphere? A) There are far more breaths of air in the atmosphere than there are atoms in my lungs. B) The numbers are about the same, 10^100. C) There are far more atoms in my lungs than there are breaths of air in the atmosphere. D) The numbers are the about the same, 10^23.

D) The numbers are the about the same, 10^23.

What did Robert Brown see in his microscope? A) circular motions B) straight-line motion C) parabolic motions D) random motions

D) random motions

To become a positive ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron? A) loses B) gains

A) loses

Which of the following are electrically neutral? A) neutrons B) ions C) protons D) electrons E) none of the above

A) neutrons

Dark matter is considered to be A) plentiful in the universe B) a form of dark energy C) a local phenomenon D) at the center of all atomic nuclei

A) plentiful in the universe

An element is distinct because of its number of A) protons. B) the total mass of all the particles. C) electrons. D) neutrons. E) none of the above

A) protons.

Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, we breathe in at least one of them each A) single breath. B) day. C) ten years. D) month. E) can't say for some people breathe a few of Caesar's atoms daily, while others never.

A) single breath.

Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are A) the same age. B) actually older. C) newer.

A) the same age.

Why can atoms be seen with an electron beam? A) The electrons in the beam are absorbed by the nucleus of the atom. B) The electrons in the beam are removed by interacting with antimatter in the atom. C) The electrons in the beam bounce elastically off the electrons in an atom. D) The wavelength of the electrons is smaller than an atom.

D) The wavelength of the electrons is smaller than an atom.

Which of the following statements is true? A) there are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of substances B) an atom is the smallest particle known to exist C) a large atom can be photographed with the aid of an ordinary microscope D) there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances E) none of the above

D) there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances

Heavier atoms are not proportionally larger than lighter atoms due to the greater number of protons A) pulling surrounding electrons into tighter shells. B) squeezed into tighter spaces. C) both of these D) none of these

A) pulling surrounding electrons into tighter shells.

Which is the smallest particle? A) quark B) proton C) neutron D) molecule E) atom

A) quark

Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. A) Mass number is the number of protons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom. B) Mass number is the number of nucleons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom. C) Mass number is the number of electrons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom. D) Mass number is the number of neutrons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom.

B) Mass number is the number of nucleons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom.

Which of the following statements is true? A) a molecule is the smallest existing particle B) chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules C) molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retain a substance's chemical properties D) molecules form atoms that determine chemical properties of a substance E) none of the above

C) molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retain a substance's chemical properties

The number of atoms in a common water molecule is A) four B) one C) three D) two

C) three

Who advanced the idea of atoms in the early 1800s? A) Robert Brown B) John Dalton C) Albert Einstein D) Richard Feynman

B) John Dalton