chapter 11

What is an agribusiness

A business involved in large farming operations

A strong wind that sends gusts of bitterly cold air into southern France is called

A mistral

Wet or dry acid pollution that falls to the ground is called

Acid deposition

The Northwestern European Plain is used mainly for

Agriculture

Which of the following are main characteristics of communism

Economic quality and ownership of production by the state

What was a negative consequence of industrial capitalism

Factory workers were treated poorly

Identify four characteristics that made the Northern European Plain attractive to early settlers

Fertile soil, flat land, nearby rivers, and favorable climate for growing crops.

Which of the following is a main cause of avalanches

Foehns

Which of the following countries in Northwestern Europe have the fewest natural resources to use for energy

France and germany

Water sources in the Alps are often used for

Generating hydroelectric power

A foreign worker living and working temporarily in another country is a

Guest worker

Which of the following best describes how human activities have affected rivers in Northwestern Europe

Heavy use of fertilizers and industrial discharge have polluted the rivers

Which of the following contributes the most to air pollution in Northwestern Europe

Industrial fumes

The change in manufacturing from using human labor to using machines occurred during the

Industrial revolution

Fragmentation of the landscape puts wildlife at risk of becoming

Isolated

How does the North Atlantic Current affect the climate of Northwestern Europe

It brings warm air and moisture from the Gulf Stream, which keeps the climate mild

Which of the following is the primary way acid pollution gets into lakes and rivers

It is carried by meltwater

Which of the following would lead to the greatest reduction in air pollution

Less vehicle traffic

silting, shallowness, and fluctuations in volume throughout its course limit the use of the ______ for navigation

Loire

Which river has limited use for water navigation due to shallowness, fluctuations in volume, and silt

Loire River

The _________ and _________ have the highest population densities, followed by the _______________

Netherlands; Belgium; United Kingdom

Which of the following describes the movement of people during the Industrial Revolution

People moved from farms to cities

The lands the Netherlands have reclaimed from the sea are known as

Polders

In cap-and-trade system, countries can buy and sell

Pollution credits

What is the main force behind internal migration in Northwestern Europe

Poverty in rural areas

An environmental group that focuses its efforts on preserving and restoring marine and coastal ecosystems particularly in the North Atlantic, Irish Sea, and North Sea is _________

Seas at Risk

Which of the following provides a large percentage of GDP in Northwestern European countries

Service industries

Which of the following best describes the Alps

Tall mountains

Which of the following occurred at the end of the Cold War

The collapse of the Soviet union

Which of the following is the main reason the oceans are economically important to Northwestern Europe

There are many ports to access ocean transportation

How do foreign species affect native populations

They compete for resources

What is the purpose of the European Union

To promote economic and political unity

What is the purpose of the Kyoto Protocol

To reduce greenhouse gases

Which of the following is the most direct cause of water pollution in Northwestern Europe

Using the sea for waste disposal

What is the term for wet or dry airborne acids that fall to the ground

acid deposition

Created by the folding of the Earth's crust and shaped by glaciation, the ______ mountain system forms a crescent that runs from southern france through switzerland and austria to the Balkan Peninsula

alps

Which action have cities in Northwestern Europe taken to combat environmental problems caused by acid rain

applied acid-resistant coatings to vulnerable buildings and statues

Reports show that overfishing in the northeast ________, the ______ Sea, and the _______ Sea declined from 72 percent in 2010 to 47 percent in 2012 (still a problem in mediterreanean)

atlantic; north; baltic

The Alps run through which countries

austria

Governments of the countries in Northwestern Europe are not only working on solutions to environmental problems together, but with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as well. The mission of all three of these international organizations is to limit further degradation of marine areas and loss of species, and to provide _______, education, and concrete steps to arrest further damage. ___________, in particular, focuses its efforts on the North Atlantic and the Irish and North Seas

awareness; Seas at Risk

Which country has especially fertile soil that is covered by deposits of loess, a rich sediment left by glaciers

belgium

Among countries in Northwestern Europe, fragmentation due to roads and railways is highest in ________

belgium, the netherlands, and luxembourg

How has the European Union promoted trade among member countries, as well as countries such as the United States and China

by eliminating tariffs and trade barriers

The __________ lie between the Alps and the Northern European Plain—in parts of eastern France, southern Belgium, and southern Germany. This landform is made up of low rounded mountains, hills, and high plateaus with scattered forests

central uplands

In the 1800s, Europe's large deposits of _____ and ____ ore, especially in the Ruhr and the Middle Rhine districts in Germany and the Lorraine-Saar district in France, sparked the growth of heavy industry—the manufacture of machinery and industrial equipment. Northwestern Europe's leading industrial centers remain in these areas

coal; iron

What financial incentive is at the heart of the Kyoto Protocol's system of cap-and-trade

companies receive credits for emissions lower than the cap and can sell them

Spruce is an example of a ________ tree most likely to be found in a cool, alpine mountain area

coniferous

________ trees—cone-bearing fir, pine, and spruce—are found in cooler, alpine mountain areas up to the timberline, the elevation above which trees cannot grow

coniferous

Most of Northwestern Europe has ____ summers and ____ winters

cool; mild

Polluted clouds drift from the industrial belt of the subregion, and acid ________ —wet or dry acid pollution that falls to the ground—withers forests and damages rivers in other areas. Acid pollution even damages buildings, especially those made of ________

deposition; limestone

Several countries in the subregion, including France, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, have experienced ________, or the granting of powers of self-rule to local and regional authorities. In 1997 the powers of the ___________________ were transferred back to Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland

devolution; United Kingdom Parliament

A primary mission of Greenpeace, Oceana, and Seas at Risk is to protect marine and coastal _________

ecosystems

t/f- Acid deposition refers to wet airborne acids that fall to the ground with precipitation

false

t/f- All countries in Northwestern Europe except Monaco have ratified the Kyoto Protocol

false

t/f- Human activities that have an impact on the environment in Northwestern Europe include desalination and monoculture farming

false

t/f- Many buildings in Northwestern Europe are made of granite, which is especially susceptible to acid rain

false

t/f- Monaco and Switzerland are leaders in the international banking and insurance industries

false

t/f- The rate of overfishing in the North Sea and Baltic Sea nearly doubled between 2010 and 2012

false

Agribusiness developed as a result of declining numbers of ________

farmers

In the 20th century, people began flocking to cities. This left a shrinking population of _________ who struggled to meet the demand for food. Eventually, agricultural companies arose and created __________, an industry engaged in large-scale, corporate farming operations

farmers; agribusiness

The plain's fertile soil and wealth of rivers originally drew _______ to the area. The southern edge in Belgium is especially fertile because it is covered by deposits of _____, a fine, rich, wind-borne sediment left by glaciers

farmers; loess

What characteristics of the Northern European Plain originally attracted farmers to settle in the area

fertile soil and abundance of rivers

The Northern European Plain is an area of relatively ______ and ____-lying land

flat; low

In contrast to much of the subregion, _______ has relatively few natural resources and imports more than half of its energy needs

germany

Which country in Northwestern Europe has few natural resources for energy and imports most of its energy needs

germany

Which of the following is true about how countries in Northwestern Europe are addressing environmental issues caused by acid rain

governments have focused on reducing acid rain and the damage it causes

Olives, citrus fruits, and _______ grow in warm Mediterranean areas of southern France

grapes

Which agricultural crop is grown in the southern France region

grapes

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin

great britain

Bacteria that once broke down waste disposed of in the Mediterranean Sea is less able to do so due to?

growing population and tourism, along with weak currents

It is warm because it is a continuation of the __________ that emerges from the tropical waters of the Caribbean. This warm water flows along the coast of Northwestern Europe and carries ____, maritime air that bathes the coasts and also blows far inland across the Northern European Plain

gulf stream; warm

Mountainous Switzerland and Austria get most of their electricity from renewable sources, such as __________ plants

hydroelectric

How did the collapse of the Soviet Union affect the economy of East Germany

it led to the closure of state-owned factories, resulting in high unemployment and migration

Scoured by Ice-Age glaciers, the Northern European Plain, or Great European Plain, is an area of relatively flat and ____-lying land

low

In the mid-1700s, the Industrial Revolution transformed manufacturing in Europe with the change from human labor to ________. At that time, ___________ had the labor, capital, technology, natural resources, and access to waterways for transporting goods

machines; Great Britain

The two greatest sources of air pollution in Northwestern Europe are vehicles and ________ industries

manufacturing

Most of the subregion has a ___________ climate with mild winters, cool summers, and abundant rainfall

marine west coast

Bacteria that once broke down waste disposed of in the ____________ Sea is less able to do so due to growing population and tourism, along with weak currents

mediterannean

Dumping waste directly in the sea is common in countries that border the ________ Sea

mediterranean

The Central Uplands are characterized by low ______, rolling ______, and high ______

mountains; hills; plateaus

Which three countries have the highest population densities of countries in Northwestern Europe

netherlands, belgium, and united kingdom

The Central Uplands is an area of high ________, low rounded ________, and ________

plateaus; mountains; hills

A primary purpose of restoration work on rivers in Northwestern Europe is to control floodplain drainage and lessen damage from ________

pollution

Governments have focused on both __________ the causes of acid rain and the _______ it causes

reducing; damage

What industry employs the majority of workers in Northwestern Europe

service

Germany reunited in 1990 and the ___________ collapsed the following year. Since then, many of the formerly state-owned industries in East Germany have _______. The result has been high unemployment and the ________ of its youngest and most skilled citizens to other countries

soviet union; closed; migration

Which countries in Northwestern Europe mainly rely on renewable sources such as hydroelectricity for their energy needs

switzerland and austria

More than 70 percent of workers in Northwestern Europe are employed in service industries. Among the top industries are international banking and insurance. _________ and the _____________ are the leaders in these fields

switzerland; united kingdom

What is an example of devolution

the transfer of power granting self-rule to Northern Ireland

Despite restoration efforts, what continues to be the most significant environmental threats to rivers in Northwestern Europe

the use of fertilizers and industrial discharges

What do the Ruhr district in Germany, the Middle Rhine district in Germany, and the Lorraine-Saar district in France have in common

they are leading industrial centers

Why did Germany invite guest workers following World War II

to aid economic growth

t/f- Overfishing is greater in the Mediterranean Sea than in the Baltic Sea

true

t/f- some countries, such as France, dump their waste in the Mediterranean Sea

true

The North Atlantic Current carries ________ over the coasts and inland to the Northern European Plain

warm, moist air

Where are the Central Uplands located

Between the alps and the northern european plain

While the majority of people in Northwestern Europe are ________, most do not practice their faith or attend church regularly

Christians