Chapter 11: Cell Signaling Mastering Biology
Which of these is a signal molecule
A
Which of these is a G-protein -linked receptor
A
Which of these is a receptor molecule
B
The binding of signal molecules to _________ results in the phosphorylation of tyrosines
C
Which of these is a receptor tyrosine kinase
C
Which of these is NOT correct?
Cyclic AMP binds to calmodulin. *Calcium binds to calmodulin.
Which of these is an ion channel receptor
D
Which of these receptor molecules would allow Na+ to flow into the cell?
D
_______________ is a signal molecule that binds to an intracellular receptor
D
Which of these receptors is NOT a membrane receptor
E
Which of these extra cellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor?
Estrogen
Thyroid hormones bind to ________ receptors
Intracellular
A toxin that inhibits the production of GTP would interfere with the function of a signal transduction pathway that is initiated by the binding of a signal molecule to ______________receptors.
O G-protein-linked
Epinephrine acts as a signal molecule that attaches to _____________ proteins.
O G-protein-linked receptor
A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a __________ binds to a receptor
Signal molecule
What are the functions of signal transduction pathways?
Signal transduction pathways convert a signal on a cell's surface to a specific cellular response. Signal transduction pathways amplify the effect of a signal molecule. Signal transduction pathways allow different types of cells to respond differently to the same signal molecule.
A __________ is an example of a signal molecule that can bind to an intracellular receptor and thereby cause a gene to be turned on or off
Steroid
The cholera bacterium Vibrio cholerae produces an enzyme toxin that chemically modifies a G protein involved in regulating salt and water secretion in intestinal cells. Stuck in its active form, the modified G protein stimulates the production of a high concentration of CAMP, which causes the intestinal cells to secrete large amounts of salts into the intestines, with water following by osmosis. An infected person quickly develops profuse diarrhea and if left untreated can soon die from the loss of water and salts. What is the basic effect of the cholera toxin?
The basic effect of the cholera toxin is signal amplification.
Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of the following except
activation of G protein-coupled receptors.
Which of these is activated by calcium ions?
calmodulin
The cleavage of glycogen by glycogen phosphorylase releases
glucose-1-phosphate
A signal molecule is also known as a(n)
ligand
Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?
lysis of the cel
Which of these is the second of the three stages of cell signaling
transduction