Chapter 11 - Childhood Development
62. Studies suggest that working more than ________ in paid employment has a negative effect on students' grades and their decisions about risky behaviour. A) 15-20 hours per week B) 18-20 hours per week C) 10-15 hours per week D) 5-8 hours per week Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-62 Page-Reference: 319 Skill: Knowledge
A) 15-20 hours per week
19. Which is the most accurate statement about the results or effects of teenagers' physical development during puberty? A) As a result of growth of the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex, teens are better able to plan and use logical thinking. B) As a result of puberty, the proportion of body weight that is fat increases for boys. C) Boys have an advantage over girls in athletic skills that require coordination because their joints are more developed. D) Boys attain their mature adult height by age 16 to 18. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-19 Page-Reference: 299 Skill: Comprehension
A) As a result of growth of the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex, teens are better able to plan and use logical thinking.
58. Which of the following is the best example of a child who has ability goals for academic achievement? A) Marla hopes to score higher on her college entrance exam than any of her brothers and sisters. B) Justin hopes his computer teacher will let him learn Java computer programming language for his final project. C) Amy was inspired to become a stage lighting designer when she participated in high-school theatrical productions. D) Larry wants to do another biology project on fruit flies because he learned so much on his first project. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-58 Page-Reference: 316 Skill: Analysis
A) Marla hopes to score higher on her college entrance exam than any of her brothers and sisters.
16. Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about puberty? A) The worst effects are experienced by girls who are late in their physical development. B) Normal-developing girls and early-developing boys should have the best psychological experience of puberty. C) Pubertal changes should occur between 12 and 14. D) The negative psychological effects experienced by late-developing boys and early-developing girls occur because they are "off-time" in their development. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-16 Page-Reference: 295-297 Skill: Analysis
A) The worst effects are experienced by girls who are late in their physical development.
10. Before age 12, boys and girls have similar endurance limits. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-10 Page-Reference: 298 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
11. The risky behaviours of adolescence may have a developmental function because they help teens gain peer acceptance and establish autonomy with respect to parents and other authority figures. A) True B) False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-2-11 Page-Reference: 304 Skill: Comprehension
A) True
17. In Canada, the rate of teenage pregnancy has declined since 1974. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-17 Page-Reference: 301 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
18. For the first time since the 1970s, the prevalence of smoking is lower in youth than it is for the general population. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-18 Page-Reference: 306 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
2. The pituitary gland triggers other glands to release hormones. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-02 Page-Reference: 294 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
20. Sensation seeking interacts with parenting styles to increase the likelihood of drug use. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-20 Page-Reference: 304-305 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
21. The average age for first time drug use is 13 to 14 years old. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-21 Page-Reference: 305 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
22. When a parent stops smoking, the likelihood that their children will smoke decreases. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-22 Page-Reference: 305-306 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
24. Although bulimics are obsessed with their weight, they are not exceptionally thin but do suffer other physical consequences such as disturbances of body chemistry, stomach irritation, and hair loss. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-24 Page-Reference: 307 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
25. Teenaged girls are twice as likely as teenage boys to report feelings of depression. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-25 Page-Reference: 332 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
27. When transitioning from grade school to high school, students typically experience losses in achievement and self-esteem. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-27 Page-Reference: 316 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
28. When Nikolaos tries different solutions to a problem, he is using systematic problem-solving. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-28 Page-Reference: 312 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
3. Primary sex characteristics include the growth of the penis and testes in males, and the growth of the uterus, ovaries, and vagina in females. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-03 Page-Reference: 294 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
30. To help your child succeed in the transition from elementary to secondary school, it is important to help him maintain his interests and to set goals. These are called task goals. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-30 Page-Reference: 316-317 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
31. Employment for working teens beyond 15 to 20 hours per week can be detrimental to academic success and achievement. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-31 Page-Reference: 319 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
6. Lifestyle and diet are responsible for shortening the average time between the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and menarche in Canadian teens. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-06 Page-Reference: 296 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
9. Becoming overweight/obese and underfit is an increasing problem for Canadian adolescents of both genders. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-09 Page-Reference: 298 Skill: Knowledge
A) True
15. Which of the following is an unlikely characteristic of a girl who experienced the major physical changes of puberty by age 10? A) a positive body image B) getting in trouble at home and at school C) depression D) involved with older misbehaving peers Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-15 Page-Reference: 296-297 Skill: Comprehension
A) a positive body image
60. Which of the following is NOT a predictor of high school dropout according to longitudinal studies? A) being reared in a single-parent home B) a pattern of aggressive behaviour C) involvement in risky behaviour D) a history of academic failure Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-60 Page-Reference: 320 Skill: Comprehension
A) being reared in a single-parent home
36. The eating disorder bulimia nervosa is characterized by A) episodes of binge eating that are followed by purging activities. B) metabolic dysfunction that triggers compulsive and excessive eating. C) obsessive dieting that results in death by starvation. D) significant weight loss. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-36 Page-Reference: 307 Skill: Knowledge
A) episodes of binge eating that are followed by purging activities.
2. Which hormones are responsible for the development of the sex organs? A) estrogen in females and testosterone in males B) thyroid gland hormones C) general growth hormones D) adrenal androgen hormones Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-02 Page-Reference: 294 Skill: Knowledge
A) estrogen in females and testosterone in males
50. Jaythree is in the stage of formal operational thought and has been asked to attempt Piaget's pendulum task. What will she be able to do that she was unable to do at the stage of concrete operations? A) evaluate the effects of multiple factors in a systematic, methodical fashion B) measure the length of the string, the height of the pendulum, and the weight of the object C) formulate an approach to the task D) try out varying combinations of height, weight, force, and length Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 11-1-50 Page-Reference: 312-314 Skill: Analysis
A) evaluate the effects of multiple factors in a systematic, methodical fashion
41. A pattern seen in adolescent depression rates that persists across the lifespan is A) females experience depression more frequently than males. B) there are no true gender patterns in adolescent depression rates. C) males experience depression more frequently than females. D) females may experience more depression but males experience more severe forms of depression. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-41 Page-Reference: 309 Skill: Knowledge
A) females experience depression more frequently than males.
12. Of the following events in boys' puberty, which typically occurs earliest? A) growth of the genitals B) growth of a beard C) lowering of the voice D) peak of the growth spurt Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-12 Page-Reference: 294 Skill: Comprehension
A) growth of the genitals
53. With regard to schooling, which of the following best characterizes the transition from a lower level of education to high school for most adolescents? A) losses in academic achievement and self-esteem B) increased competence and self-efficacy C) smooth transition and easy adaptation to different demands of a new educational environment D) establishment of higher personal standards and goals for success Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-53 Page-Reference: 318 Skill: Knowledge
A) losses in academic achievement and self-esteem
47. Which of the following is NOT a key element in the type of thinking that emerges during adolescence? A) naive hedonism, or believing that something is good if it feels good or brings pleasant results B) the ability to derive conclusions from hypothetical premises C) deductive reasoning using a theory and a prediction D) systematic problem-solving by testing hypotheses about single factors Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-47 Page-Reference: 312-315 Skill: Comprehension
A) naive hedonism, or believing that something is good if it feels good or brings pleasant results
21. Among teenagers, sensation-seeking behaviours are associated with A) recklessness. B) increased volume of music, television, video games, etc. C) reduced need for sleep. D) emotional arguments with parents and friends. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-21 Page-Reference: 304 Skill: Comprehension
A) recklessness.
18. During adolescence, boys are more advanced than girls on which of the following aspects of physical development? A) size of heart and lungs B) attainment of adult height C) joints of the skeletal system D) acquisition of fat tissue Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-18 Page-Reference: 298 Skill: Knowledge
A) size of heart and lungs
56. If Sameer wants to learn calculus so he can become an engineer, he is motivated by a(n) ________ goal. A) task B) ability C) hypothetico-deductive D) metacognitive Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-56 Page-Reference: 316 Skill: Application
A) task
33. Among teenagers, sensation-seeking appears to be least associated with A) tobacco use. B) alcohol use. C) drug use. D) automobile accidents and injuries. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-33 Page-Reference: 306 Skill: Analysis
A) tobacco use.
2. Describe the eating disorders bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Identify the symptoms or health conditions associated with each disorder. Which teens are most at risk for developing an eating disorder? How does a teen's body image relate to the risk for an eating disorder? Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-4-02 Page-Reference: 307-308 Skill: Analysis
Answers will vary
3. Describe current trends and patterns of drug, alcohol, and tobacco use among Canadian teens. What biological, developmental, family, and social factors increase the likelihood of usage? What factors are most influential or potentially influential in discouraging substance use? What strategies could be used to get this information to teens in a meaningful way? Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-4-03 Page-Reference: 305-307 Skill: Comprehension
Answers will vary
4. Explain why First Nations youth have such a high rate of suicide. Include a discussion of the factors which are known to increase suicide rates and how these relate to the lifestyle of Aboriginal youth. What approaches would you suggest to decrease this suicide rate? Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 11-4-04 Page-Reference: 310 Skill: Analysis
Answers will vary
5. Alex is a 17 year-old who is wanting to work in a full-time 40 hours per week job. What are the risks that he faces in taking on such a strenuous work schedule? How ought he to structure his employment in his teenage years? Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-4-05 Page-Reference: 319 Skill: Comprehension
Answers will vary
Chapter 11 Essay Questions 1. You have been asked to make a presentation to a local community group about teen sexuality and pregnancy. In preparation for your presentation, develop responses to the following questions: What factors or circumstances predict adolescent sexual activity and teenage pregnancy? What factors or circumstances reduce the likelihood of adolescent sexual behaviour and pregnancy? What are health risks associated with sexual activity among teens? Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-4-01 Page-Reference: 299-302 Skill: Analysis
Answers will vary
65. What is the optimal number of hours that teens should work per week? A) 10-12 B) 15-20 C) 20-25 D) 25-30 Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-65 Page-Reference: 319 Skill: Knowledge
B) 15-20
12. In studies of teenage sexual behaviour, birth control pills were reported as the most frequently used form of contraception. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-12 Page-Reference: 300 Skill: Knowledge
B) False
13. Sexually transmitted infection rates are among the highest in 18-20 year old females. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-13 Page-Reference: 300 Skill: Knowledge
B) False
14. Most sexual minority youth are aware of their sexual orientation in early childhood. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-14 Page-Reference: 302-303 Skill: Knowledge
B) False
15. Children being attracted to cross-gender activities or children expressing a desire to be the opposite gender are two sound predictors of a future transgender sexual orientation. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-15 Page-Reference: 303 Skill: Knowledge
B) False
16. Comprehensive sex education causes teenagers to become sexually active. A) True B) False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-2-16 Page-Reference: 301 Skill: Knowledge
B) False
19. The best way to discourage teens from smoking is to educate them about the risks. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-19 Page-Reference: 306-307 Skill: Knowledge
B) False
23. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by periods of binge eating alternating with purging behaviours. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-23 Page-Reference: 308 Skill: Knowledge
B) False
26. The high rate of suicide among First Nations youth is a very recent phenomenon. A) True B) False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-2-26 Page-Reference: 310 Skill: Knowledge
B) False
29. Mackenzie received an A+ in calculus. She maintains that she received the grade due to high expectations, standards, and hard work. This is an example of ability goals. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-29 Page-Reference: 316 Skill: Knowledge
B) False
4. In females, menarche is the signal that puberty has begun. A) True B) False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-2-04 Page-Reference: 296 Skill: Analysis
B) False
5. It is not possible to become pregnant shortly after menarche. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-05 Page-Reference: 296 Skill: Knowledge
B) False
7. Adolescent girls reach adult height later than adolescent boys. A) True B) False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-2-07 Page-Reference: 296 Skill: Comprehension
B) False
8. Too much "screen time" is a contributing factor to obesity rates in Canadian boys but not in girls. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-08 Page-Reference: 298 Skill: Knowledge
B) False
Chapter 11 True-False Questions 1. The thyroid gland and thyroxine are the master endocrine gland and master hormone for controlling the processes of puberty. A) True B) False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-2-01 Page-Reference: 294 Skill: Knowledge
B) False
45. In Canada, the group with the highest suicide rate is A) adolescent girls in rural areas. B) First Nations adolescents. C) all adolescent males. D) all adolescent girls. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-45 Page-Reference: 310 Skill: Knowledge
B) First Nations adolescents.
11. Which of the following statements about menarche is NOT true? A) Menarche typically occurs two years after the beginning of indicators such as changes in the breast and pubic hair. B) In industrialized countries, the average age of menarche has remained fairly stable for the last 100 years. C) Girls now show signs of secondary sex characteristics one or two years earlier than their mothers and grandmothers. D) Girls who are sexually active are more likely to have experienced early menarche. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-11 Page-Reference: 295 Skill: Comprehension
B) In industrialized countries, the average age of menarche has remained fairly stable for the last 100 years.
23. What statement best represents current trends in adolescent sexual behaviour in Canada? A) The rate of teens who report having sexual intercourse before age 15 has decreased. B) The rate of 15- to 19-year-old females who reported ever having intercourse has declined. C) The rates of sexual activity are higher among teens who are involved in sports or after-school pursuits. D) The rate of condom use with sexual intercourse among teens of both sexes increases with age. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-23 Page-Reference: 299 Skill: Knowledge
B) The rate of 15- to 19-year-old females who reported ever having intercourse has declined.
9. Menarche is A) the onset of primary sex characteristics. B) a female's first menstruation. C) the peak of the female growth spurt. D) the onset of secondary sex characteristics. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-09 Page-Reference: 295 Skill: Knowledge
B) a female's first menstruation.
24. Across cultures, earlier initiation to adolescent sexual activity is associated with A) involvement in school activities. B) a history of abuse. C) a history of dating at a later age. D) school-based sexuality education programs. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-24 Page-Reference: 300 Skill: Comprehension
B) a history of abuse.
55. If Marta wants to be the best clarinet player in the band, she is motivated by a(n) ________ goal. A) inductive B) ability C) task D) deductive Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-55 Page-Reference: 316 Skill: Application
B) ability
63. The number of hours a teen works is positively correlated with all of the following EXCEPT A) arguments with parents. B) amount of sleep. C) dissatisfaction with life. D) drug use. Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 11-1-63 Page-Reference: 319 Skill: Comprehension
B) amount of sleep.
35. A link can be found between parenting styles and sensation-seeking and the likelihood of drug use. Children whose parents have a(n) ________ parenting style are less likely to engage in such behaviours. A) authoritarian B) authoritative C) permissive D) neglectful Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-35 Page-Reference: 305 Skill: Knowledge
B) authoritative
44. In Canada, the reason more young males than young females die as a result of suicide is A) boys are more violent. B) boys use more lethal methods. C) girls are more likely to go for counselling. D) boys have a higher rate of depression. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-44 Page-Reference: 309-310 Skill: Comprehension
B) boys use more lethal methods.
51. Lisako's assignment in biology class is to grow beans in order to measure the effect of light upon plant growth. She develops an experiment based upon a theory that the height of the plants will be proportional to the amount of light they receive. Which aspect of formal operational thought is the basis of Lisako's biology experiment? A) the ability to understand figurative language B) deductive reasoning, which utilizes hypotheses and predictions C) the ability to engage in long-range planning D) the ability to use universal ethical principles in problem-solving Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 11-1-51 Page-Reference: 312 Skill: Analysis
B) deductive reasoning, which utilizes hypotheses and predictions
37. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic associated with bulimia? A) depression B) excessive weight loss C) hair loss D) tooth decay Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-37 Page-Reference: 307-308 Skill: Knowledge
B) excessive weight loss
43. Which of the following is NOT a factor that may contribute to the development of depression among adolescents? A) low self-esteem B) family responsibilities and chores C) family stressors D) genetic factors Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-43 Page-Reference: 309 Skill: Comprehension
B) family responsibilities and chores
42. A developmental pathway for adolescent depression may be created by A) growing up in a religion that emphasizes traditional gender roles. B) growing up with a depressed parent. C) having many siblings. D) growing up in a low socioeconomic status family. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-42 Page-Reference: 309 Skill: Knowledge
B) growing up with a depressed parent.
4. Which of the following is an example of changes in secondary sex characteristics during puberty? A) growth of the penis B) growth of breasts C) growth of the uterus D) growth of the testes Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-04 Page-Reference: 294 Skill: Analysis
B) growth of breasts
40. One of the most promising explanations for understanding eating disorders is A) biological theories. B) image discrepancy between the person's internal image of a desirable body and their perception of their own body. C) psychoanalytic theory, based on fear of growing up. D) abnormal brain functioning. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-40 Page-Reference: 308 Skill: Knowledge
B) image discrepancy between the person's internal image of a desirable body and their perception of their own body.
39. The eating disorder anorexia nervosa is characterized by A) an obsessive fear of food. B) intense fear of weight gain, extreme dieting, and obsessive exercising. C) acid-related tooth decay and stomach irritation. D) the use of laxatives or self-induced vomiting. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-39 Page-Reference: 308 Skill: Knowledge
B) intense fear of weight gain, extreme dieting, and obsessive exercising.
28. Which of the following factors is associated with increased likelihood of teenaged pregnancy? A) late initiation of sexual activity B) low level of family education C) communication about sex and contraception with one's mother D) popularity among peers Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-28 Page-Reference: 302 Skill: Comprehension
B) low level of family education
32. Researchers believe the gradual process of achieving and accepting one's sexual orientation usually begins in A) early childhood. B) middle childhood. C) adolescence. D) young adulthood. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-32 Page-Reference: 303 Skill: Knowledge
B) middle childhood.
34. Of the following, which would be the least effective strategy for parents who want to prevent children from smoking? A) provide a parental model for non-smoking B) punish teens who are found to be smoking C) establish family rules against substance use D) monitor friends of teen and discouraging them from associating with smokers. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-34 Page-Reference: 307 Skill: Analysis
B) punish teens who are found to be smoking
25. Research indicates that the most effective sex education programs for teens focus on A) communication skills. B) reducing specific risk-taking behaviour. C) the responsibilities of teenage parenting. D) promotion of abstinence. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-25 Page-Reference: 304 Skill: Comprehension
B) reducing specific risk-taking behaviour.
26. The general pattern of adolescent pregnancy is that A) the rate of births to married teenagers has increased in the last four decades. B) the likelihood of pregnancy is lower among teenaged girls who do well in school. C) the teenaged pregnancy rate has steadily increased since the 1960s. D) the highest rate of teenaged pregnancy is among girls under the age of 15. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-26 Page-Reference: 302 Skill: Comprehension
B) the likelihood of pregnancy is lower among teenaged girls who do well in school.
30. Adolescents whose psychological gender is different from their biological sex are known as A) bisexuals. B) transgendered. C) transsexuals. D) cross-gendered. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-30 Page-Reference: 303 Skill: Knowledge
B) transgendered.
8. In _______ of the menstrual cycles in the second and third years after menarche, the girl's body produces no ovum. A) ¼ B) ½ C) ¾ D) none Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-08 Page-Reference: 295 Skill: Knowledge
B) ½
17. ______ percent of youth who clocked more than _____ hours of screen time per week were overweight/obese. A) 25; 20 B) 32; 25 C) 66; 20 D) 77; 25 Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-17 Page-Reference: 298 Skill: Knowledge
C) 66; 20
27. Concerning risk factors and teenage pregnancy, which of the following statements is true: A) The age at which an adolescent girl first becomes sexually active is not a risk factor. B) Demographic and economic variables like parents' educational attainment, income level and family composition (single parent vs. two parent) are not risk factors. C) Among teen girls who are from poor families, or families with relatively uneducated parents, pregnancy rates are higher. D) Pregnancy rates are highest in mid-adolescence, specifically ages 15 to 17, making middle adolescence a risk factor. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-27 Page-Reference: 302 Skill: Knowledge
C) Among teen girls who are from poor families, or families with relatively uneducated parents, pregnancy rates are higher.
49. Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about adolescents' development of formal operational thinking? A) An adolescent's decision-making can include future possibilities in addition to here-and-now factors. B) Higher education plays a key role in the development of formal operational thinking. C) Nearly all adolescents are engaged in formal operational thinking by the twelfth grade. D) Formal operational reasoning enables adolescents to understand figurative language, such as metaphors. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-49 Page-Reference: 312 Skill: Comprehension
C) Nearly all adolescents are engaged in formal operational thinking by the twelfth grade.
22. Which of the following statements about adolescent sexual activity is NOT true? A) Alcohol use is associated with 22% of adolescent sexual encounters. B) Among girls, those who are sexually active are more likely to have had early menarche. C) Of the students using contraception, more use the birth control pill than use condoms. D) Teens who are involved in sports or after-school activities have lower rates of sexual activity than teens who do not participate in such activities. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-22 Page-Reference: 300-301 Skill: Knowledge
C) Of the students using contraception, more use the birth control pill than use condoms.
64. What is the most positive effect of teens working? A) They meet friends on the job. B) They stay in school longer. C) They have increased feelings of competence and efficacy. D) They argue less with their parents. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-64 Page-Reference: 319 Skill: Knowledge
C) They have increased feelings of competence and efficacy.
54. Which one of the following has been proven to help with transition to secondary school? A) parental involvement in the school B) guidance counselling C) a wide variety of elective and extracurricular activities D) junior high/middle school Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-54 Page-Reference: 319 Skill: Knowledge
C) a wide variety of elective and extracurricular activities
7. Which of the following is the earliest sign of puberty for a female? A) menstruation B) development of a mesomorphic body type C) changes in breasts and pubic hair D) growth spurt Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-07 Page-Reference: 295 Skill: Comprehension
C) changes in breasts and pubic hair
38. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anorexia nervosa? A) intense fear of gaining weight B) risk for death by starvation C) fear of conflict D) cessation of menstruation Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-38 Page-Reference: 308 Skill: Knowledge
C) fear of conflict
3. Of the following, which is NOT an example of changes in primary sex characteristics during puberty? A) growth of the penis B) growth of a uterus C) growth of breasts D) growth of the ovaries Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-03 Page-Reference: 294 Skill: Analysis
C) growth of breasts
52. What type of cognitive ability dramatically increases in adolescence, which results in teens benefitting from training more than younger children? A) reasoning B) metamemory C) metacognitive D) processing Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-52 Page-Reference: 315 Skill: Comprehension
C) metacognitive
20. Research has demonstrated that higher hours of "screen time" leisure activities are highly correlated with __________ in adolescents. A) lack of school achievement B) early substance use C) obesity rates D) depression rates Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-20 Page-Reference: 298 Skill: Knowledge
C) obesity rates
Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence Chapter 11 Multiple-Choice Questions 1. During puberty, the most important endocrine gland is ________ because ________. A) the thyroid; it controls the overall rate of growth B) the adrenal gland; it produces androgens, such as testosterone, which stimulate sexual interest C) the pituitary gland; it activates the release of hormones from other glands D) the hypothalamus; it regulates sexual behaviour Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-01 Page-Reference: 294-295 Skill: Comprehension
C) the pituitary gland; it activates the release of hormones from other glands
13. With respect to male adolescent development, which of the following is NOT a variable for a male whose sexual development is earlier than his peers? A) they are more academically successful B) they assume leadership roles C) they perform better in sports D) they are economically more successful Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-13 Page-Reference: 296 Skill: Knowledge
C) they perform better in sports
31. Adolescents or adults who choose to live as the opposite gender on a full-time basis are known as A) transgendered. B) bisexuals. C) transsexuals. D) sex reassignments. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-31 Page-Reference: 303 Skill: Knowledge
C) transsexuals.
10. Dawn has just turned 13 years old, and she recently experienced menarche. If Dawn becomes sexually active, will she be at risk for pregnancy? A) No. The irregularity of menstrual cycles after menarche means that it will be impossible to have intercourse during an ovulatory cycle. B) Yes. Menarche represents full sexual maturity and pregnancy is likely. C) Probably not. She is too young to get pregnant. D) Possibly. Although irregular menstrual cycles are the norm for some time, pregnancy is still possible. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-10 Page-Reference: 295 Skill: Analysis
D) Possibly. Although irregular menstrual cycles are the norm for some time, pregnancy is still possible.
57. Which of the following is most likely if an adolescent has adopted ability goals with regard to academic work? A) increased sense of personal control over successes and failures B) high personal academic standards C) a desire to become more competent in academic subjects D) a desire to be better than others at school work Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-57 Page-Reference: 316 Skill: Analysis
D) a desire to be better than others at school work
14. The cumulative psychological effect of experiencing significantly early or significantly late puberty is related to A) whether the individual's family members experienced similar timing of puberty. B) whether the individual is capable of formal operational thought. C) an individual's stage of moral development when the changes of puberty begin. D) an individual's belief about the "right time" to go through puberty. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-14 Page-Reference: 296-297 Skill: Comprehension
D) an individual's belief about the "right time" to go through puberty.
59. Although combined PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) science test scores were equal for Canadian boys and girls, boys out-performed girls on the following two skills: A) math and reading. B) identifying scientific issues and explaining phenomena scientifically. C) reading and identifying scientific phenomena. D) explaining phenomena scientifically and math. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-59 Page-Reference: 318 Skill: Knowledge
D) explaining phenomena scientifically and math.
29. Studies seeking to identify factors that contribute to the development of a bisexual, gay or lesbian sexual orientation indicate that the most statistically relevant factor is _________. A) prenatal hormone exposure. B) environmental influences. C) family trait inheritance. D) genetic programming. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-29 Page-Reference: 302-303 Skill: Knowledge
D) genetic programming.
61. Linda is a high school junior who works three hours every night for a fast-food chain. She hates her job. Linda's work experience most likely A) helps her develop feelings of competency and self-efficacy. B) has no effect on her academic achievements. C) inspires her to make better grades. D) impairs her performance in school. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-61 Page-Reference: 319 Skill: Analysis
D) impairs her performance in school.
5. The changes in the patterns of physical growth and development that are known as the secular trend are most likely caused by A) cultural values that favour a thin, angular body image B) increased levels of demand and stress placed upon children and adolescents C) an increasingly sexualized society D) improved nutrition and health status Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-05 Page-Reference: 295 Skill: Knowledge
D) improved nutrition and health status
6. Which of the following is NOT considered a contributing factor to the steady drop in the average age of menarche onset in young girls in industrialized countries? A) lifestyle B) protein intake C) fat intake D) increased exercise Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-06 Page-Reference: 295 Skill: Knowledge
D) increased exercise
46. A universal ingredient in the suicides of adolescents is A) a preference for music with violent themes. B) a knowledge of suicide committed by a friend or peer. C) a history of abuse or abandonment. D) some form of significant psychopathology, such as depression. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 11-1-46 Page-Reference: 309-311 Skill: Knowledge
D) some form of significant psychopathology, such as depression.
48. Fourteen-year-old George won a contest sponsored by the local newspaper to celebrate a championship basketball game. The object of the contest was to determine how many words could be made from the word score. Which newly developed ability of formal operational thought would have been most helpful to George? A) the ability to reason about objects or situations not previously seen or experienced B) the ability to start with a theory and a prediction and arrive at a conclusion C) the ability to use ethical principles for decision-making D) the ability to search systematically and methodologically for the solutions to a problem Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 11-1-48 Page-Reference: 312 Skill: Application
D) the ability to search systematically and methodologically for the solutions to a problem