Chapter 11

Which parental statement indicates to the nurse that additional education is needed regarding accident prevention for a 2-year-old?

A car seat with a harness system is recommended for toddlers; a toddler should never ride in the front seat or without a car seat. Locking up medicines and any other harmful household products, turning down the thermostat on the water heater, and placing gates at the top and bottom of the basement stairs are all appropriate actions, and so there is no need for further instruction.

Which gross motor developmental milestone would the nurse expect to observe in a 15-month-old?

At 15 months, the nurse would expect the toddler to be able to walk alone, using a wide stance. A child jumps with both feet at around 30 months of age. A child pushes and pulls toys at around 18 months of age. A child goes up and down stairs alone with two feet on each step at around 24 months of age.

Between which ages is voluntary control of the anal and urethral sphincters typically achieved?

Between 18 and 24 months of age, most toddlers have achieved voluntary control of the anal and urethral sphincters. Most toddlers have not achieved this control between the ages of 8 to 12 months, 10 to 12 months, or 18 to 20 months.

In which place in the birth order are feelings of sibling rivalry most pronounced?

Firstborn children experience dethronement and therefore tend to have the most pronounced sibling rivalry. Second-born children do not have the most pronounced sibling rivalry. Middle children do not experience as difficult of a time with sibling rivalry as firstborn children. Firstborn children, rather than youngest children, have more pronounced sibling rivalry.

Which condition manifests as a decreased nutritional need and a diminished appetite during toddlerhood?

In physiologic anorexia, a normal phenomenon that occurs around 18 months of age, the toddler has a decreased nutritional need and diminished appetite. Grazing is an eating pattern of nibbling or snacking throughout the day. In ritualism, the toddler prefers to have the same food, cup, or spoon with every meal. In regression, the toddler retreats from the current level of function to a past level of behavio

Which condition is associated with prolonged bottle-feeding?

Prolonged bottle-feeding may cause early childhood caries. Sleep problems are associated with factors such as fears, awareness of separation, or heavy meals before bedtime. The child is at risk for iron-deficiency anemia if the child does not consume iron-enriched foods. Delayed language development is associated with other factors, such as exposure to television constantly before the age of 24 months or other cognitive impairments.

Which term describes the phenomenon at work when a toddler separates from the mother and begins to make sense of experiences in the environment but is then drawn back to the mother for assistance in verbally articulating the meaning of these experiences?

Rapprochement is defined as the phenomenon of a toddler's separation from the mother and beginning to make sense of experiences in the environment, followed by a drawing back to the mother for assistance in verbally articulating the meaning of these experiences. Gender identity is defined as a sense of maleness or femaleness. Transitional objects, such as a favorite blanket or toy, provide security for children, especially when they are separated from their parents, dealing with a new stress, or just fatigued. Mental symbolization is associated with prelogical reasoning, in which painful experiences take on new significance because memory is associated with the specific event.

Which education would the nurse provide to the parent of a toddler about the cause of tantrums?

Tantrums during toddlerhood occur because of the toddler's strong drive for mastery and autonomy, which is frustrated by adult figures or a lack of motor or cognitive skills. Although sleep deprivation and hunger can make tantrums more likely to occur, they do not explain to the parent the underlying cause of tantrums in toddlers. Rather than stating that tantrums are the result of inadequate discipline, the nurse would give a more appropriate and therapeutic explanation that includes the need for parental consistency and appropriate expectations.

Which is considered a major task of toddlerhood?

Toilet training is one of the major tasks of toddlerhood. Establishing an identity is a task of adolescence. Toddlers have an inability to conserve objects; therefore the ability to conserve objects is not a major task of toddlerhood. Imaginative and dramatic play is a task of preschoolers rather than toddlers.

Which recommendation would the nurse provide for a toddler with sleep problems?

Transitional objects may help ease the toddler's anxiety and facilitate sleep. A consistent set of bedtime rituals will facilitate a toddler's sleep. Toddlers do not understand verbal explanations; therefore the nurse would not recommend the parent attempt to explain away their fears. Toddlers should engage in stimulating physical activity during the day to help them sleep at night.

Which characterizes the development of a 2-year-old child?

Two-year-old toddlers play alongside each other in what is known as parallel play. Two-year-old toddlers usually need help with dressing because this is a task that they are just beginning to learn; this learning extends into the preschool years. A 2-year-old toddler typically has a vocabulary of 300 words. A 2-year-old toddler has typically attained one-half of their adult height.

Which meal option would the nurse select for a toddler whose family follows a vegan diet?

Vegans eliminate all foods of animal origin; therefore the nurse would select broccoli with lentils. Chicken noodle soup broth has a meat source; therefore the nurse would not select this. Scrambled eggs and butter both have animal origin; therefore the nurse would not select this. Yogurt also has an animal origin; therefore the nurse would not select this option.