Chapter 11 Early and Middle Adulthood: Relationships and Roles

Serial cohabiters: are unlikely to have marriage goals. are less common than they were in the 1970s. are constantly searching for someone to marry. have usually been married at least once.

are unlikely to have marriage goals

In the 21st century, the stable career is: atypical. typical. the most common. unheard of.

atypical

The amount of time contemporary mothers spend teaching and playing with their children has _____ since the 1960s. decreased stayed the same increased decreased for mothers and increased for fathers

increased

The popularity of serial cohabitation _____ between 1960 and 2014. decreased moderately did not change increased moderately increased significantly

increased moderately

The three components of Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love are: passion, communication, and a positive relationship with in-laws. desire, communication, and passion. passion, intimacy, and commitment. emotional disentanglement, a positive relationship with in-laws, and communication.

passion, intimacy, and commitment

What does fertility rate mean? a monetary incentive given to couples for having children the average number of births per woman the level of births needed to keep the population constant the process of using medical technology to conceive a baby

the average number of births per woman

Elopements are becoming more popular in: India. United States. Scandinavia. Iran.

India

Which woman was LEAST likely to be married in 2014? Inga, a 30-year-old Norwegian Leila, a 30-year-old Iranian Khadisha, a 30-year-old Egyptian Cecilia, a 30-year-old American

Inga, a 30 year old Norwegian

Georgio changes jobs after about 4 years in each position. Georgio has a(n) _____ career path. boundaryless homogeneous traditional undifferentiated

boundaryless

Georgio changes jobs after about 4 years in each position. Georgio has a(n) _____ career path. traditional homogeneous undifferentiated boundaryless

boundaryless

Traditional concept that a man's job is to support a wife and children.

breadwinner role

If a couple has children and breaks up, the divorce can be a _____ in women's lives. legal hassle chronic stressor chance for financial growth terrible blow

chronic stressor

If a couple has children and breaks up, the divorce can be a _____ in women's lives. legal hassle terrible blow chronic stressor chance for financial growth

chronic stressor

When women work, they spend less time: eating. engaging in child cognition-stimulating activities. cleaning the house and being with their spouse. with their children.

cleaning the house and being with their spouse

According to some research, the core quality essential for long-term relationship success is: passion. ambivalence. commitment.

commitment

The core quality essential for relationship success is: commitment. friendliness. shared goals. passion.

commitment

The three components of Robert Sternberg's triangle theory of love are passion, intimacy, and: compatibility. attraction. commitment. closeness.

commitment

Which is NOT a component of Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love? commitment communication intimacy passion

communication

In Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the ideal form of love, in which a couple's relationship involves all three of the major facets of love: passion, intimacy, and commitment.

consummate love

Richard likes to manipulate data and organize things. His friends often ask him to help them organize their finances and paperwork for taxes. Richard is considering a career as an accountant, which would fit with Holland's personality type known as: conventional. investigative. entrepreneurial. realistic.

conventional

Fertility rates in affluent regions of the world are: declining. increasing. fluctuating. stable.

declining

Fertility rates in the United States, Canada, and most European countries are: unpredictable. increasing. declining. stable.

declining

Work that is motivated by reinforcers such as prestige or a high salary is performed for _____ rewards. work-centric extrinsic career intrinsic career role-centric

extrinsic career

In contemporary society, who is expected to take the MOST responsibility for a child's care? males females males and females equally day-care workers

females

The average number of children a woman in a given country has during her lifetime.

fertility rate

In the United States, which social clock event usually comes first on emerging adults' agendas? buying a home marriage children financial security

financial security

Many researchers believe that if people stay together beyond _____ of marriage, they have passed the main divorce zone. ten years seven years four years the first year

four years

Women are more likely than men to: stay in the same job their entire lives. have lower-paying jobs. get more promotions. work in technical fields such as engineering.

have lower paying jobs

Women are more likely than men to: stay in the same job their entire lives. get more promotions. work in technical fields such as engineering. have lower-paying jobs.

have lower paying jobs

Ian just got divorced. Like most recently divorced men he has noticed an increase in his: housework burdens. income. self-esteem. sex drive.

housework burdens

When is it better for one to divorce than to remain married? only if one does not have children if one feels one's relationship is unfulfilling under no conditions if one is genuinely miserable with one's mate

if one is genuinely miserable with one's mate

Marriage is viewed as the only acceptable life path in: Iran. Denmark. Norway. United States.

iran

Veena laughs when she is told that technology is a "labor saving device." Her boss loves the fact that the technology revolution allows him to stay in touch with her 24/7 via smartphone and computer. However, Veena believes that while technology might save work for her employer, it does not make less work for her. For example, Veena notes all these problems caused by modern office technology EXCEPT that: she is potentially on the job 24 hours a day. it adds flexibility to her schedule because she can telecommute from home. even if she is halfway around the world, she is never completely free from the demands of her employer and work. her employer can contact her whenever he wants to reach her.

it adds flexibility to her schedule because she can telecommute from home.

Low-income individuals often have trouble marrying because: marriage licenses are too expensive. they are unable to have a committed relationship. it's hard to find a mate with a secure job. they don't want to be tied down.

it's hard to find a mate with a secure job

Most people who work longer hours do so because of a need for: a traditional life. job security. creativity. professional happiness.

job security

Marcia is a 72-year-old woman who chose to never have a child. Based on research cited in the text, Marcia is likely to report being _____ her peers who are parents. more fearful of the future than just as happy as less happy than more happy than

just as happy as

The vision of a married couple as "lovers for life" who work and share the housework equally developed in the: European Middle Ages. late twentieth century. Industrial Revolution. 1920s.

late twentieth century

Parenthood tends to produce traditional marital roles, which can: lead to conflicts related to marital equity. decrease parents' love for their children. increase all types of marital conflicts. decrease the frequency of marital conflicts.

lead to conflicts related to marital equity

The deinstitutionalization of marriage was an outcome of the: lifestyle revolution of the 1960s. twentieth-century emphasis on romantic love. failure of arranged marriages in Western countries. extension in life expectancy.

lifestyle revolution of the 1960s

. Today, the typical full-time worker works _____ a 40-hour week. far less than less than more than about

more than

Today in Iran: women are never allowed to receive alimony if a marriage ends in divorce. married women never work. divorce cannot be initiated by the wife. more women enroll in university than men.

more women enroll in university than men

Couples in this form of love are passionate and know each other very well but have NOT made a lifelong commitment to the relationship. romantic love real love companionate love consummate love

romantic love

Women are more likely to see their jobs as _____ compared to men's jobs. permanent secondary primary more financially lucrative

secondary

Living sequentially with different partners outside of marriage.

serial cohabitation

To rekindle marital romance, spouses might: avoid stimulating activities to focus their attention on their relationship. share flow states with people other than their partners. become more involved with their children. share flow states with their partners.

share flow states with their partners

Marlo and Thomas were recently married. Marlo really wants the marriage to succeed because her own parents divorced when she was young, and she feels like the divorce had a negative impact on everyone's life in the family. For that reason, Marlo works really hard at her relationship with Thomas. In order to preserve her marriage, Marlo should NOT: take pride in the fact that she is always the one making all the sacrifices. engage in activities, such as going to art museums, that Thomas feels as passionate about as she does. avoid solving differences of opinion in a destructive way. try to be affectionate and positive with Thomas at every opportunity.

take pride in the fact that she is always the one making all the sacrifices

Akari is married to Don, has two children, and works a full-time job as a buyer of purses for a major retailer in the United States. Between work and travel, Akari spends far more than 40 hours a week at her job. Compared to women a generation ago, research indicates Akari probably is spending less time on all these activities EXCEPT: community activities. time with Don. time with her children.

time with her children

Akari is married to Don, has two children, and works a full-time job as a buyer of purses for a major retailer in the United States. Between work and travel, Akari spends far more than 40 hours a week at her job. Compared to women a generation ago, research indicates Akari probably is spending less time on all these activities EXCEPT: housework. community activities. time with Don. time with her children.

time with her children

After the birth of a child, couples tend to become more _____ in their marital roles. egalitarian collectivist autonomous traditional

traditional

Robert Sternberg's categorization of love relationships into three facets: passion, intimacy, and commitment. When arranged at the points of a triangle, their combinations describe all the different kinds of adult love relationships.

triangular theory of love

Despite being glad about the birth of her newborn son, Gracie describes her day-to-day happiness as at an all-time low. Based on the findings of surveys with mothers of young children, Gracie's experience is: a sign of mental illness. dissimilar to other new mothers. abnormal. typical.

typical

Nisha just graduated from college and got a job as a civil engineer at a successful engineering firm in Seattle. According to data on wages, Nisha can expect to earn on average _____ less annually than her male colleagues. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. $2,000 $7,000 $13,000 $17,000

$17,000

This number is the generally accepted fertility "replacement" rate cutoff needed to keep an area's population constant. 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7

2.1

What is the key to sacrifice in a relationship? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Both people must be willing to sacrifice for each other. Each partner knows exactly how much the other is sacrificing for him or her. Partners do not give up any of their own interests for their partners in order to avoid resentment. Partners sacrifice for the other no matter how poorly they are being treated.

Both people must be willing to sacrifice for each other

Susan and Bill are 22 years old, have just graduated from college, and are thinking of having children. However, Susan is having doubts because she fears they are too young and she enjoys her life and marriage as they are now. Susan knows you studied psychology, and she asks you to share what the latest research reveals about the effect of children on a marriage. Which is NOT a fact you could share with Susan? Parenthood tends to make couples less intimate and happy. For heterosexual couples, having children tends to make gender roles more distinct. In general, having children makes a marriage stronger. Clashes between couples often occur or intensify because of differing parenting styles.

In general having children makes a marriage stronger

Which 26-year-old female would have the hardest time finding a marriage partner? Nelleke, who is lower middle class Sandra, who is middle class Linda, who is upper middle class Jennifer, who is impoverished

Jennifer who is impoverished

Nasreen and Sundeep live in India and have "eloped," which MOST likely means: Nasreen and Sundeep have run away to get engaged. Nasreen and Sundeep have secretly married in India. Nasreen and Sundeep are living together without being engaged or married. Nasreen and Sundeep have married despite Nasreen's parents forbidding it.

Narsreen and Sundeep have run away to get engaged

Nasreen and Sundeep live in India and have "eloped," which MOST likely means: Nasreen and Sundeep have run away to get engaged. Nasreen and Sundeep have secretly married in India. Incorrect: Nasreen and Sundeep are living together without being engaged or married. Nasreen and Sundeep are living together without being engaged or married. Nasreen and Sundeep have married despite Nasreen's parents forbidding it.

Nasreen and Sundeep have run away to get engaged

Which couple most likely experiences consummate love, according to Robert Sternberg's Triangular Theory? Dana and Robin, who report feeling very connected to each other, have a passionate sex life together, but are also in relationships with other people Rachel and Max, who have been together 2 years, are "crazy about each other," but are not ready to marry Pat and Chris, who have been married for 24 years, describe their partner as their "best friend" and report having a great sex life. Dan and Betty, who have been together 37 years, feel very close to each other, and have not had sex regularly for many years

Pat and Chris, who have been married for 24 years, describe their partner as their "best friend" and report having a great sex life.

The most common pathway of marital happiness in the West, in which satisfaction is highest at the honeymoon, declines during the child-rearing years, then rises after the children grow up.

U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction

Choose the statement that is a fact established by research. Divorce rarely produces emotional growth. Ending a terrible marriage still doesn't bring relief to people. People who had reported being miserable in their marriage feel better emotionally after a divorce Children almost never benefit from a divorce, even though the emotional state of ex-wives almost always improves for several years.

People who had reported being miserable in their marriage feel better emotionally after a divorce

In what nation would unmarried motherhood be most common? Egypt India Scandinavia the United States

Scandinavia

Which country has the LOWEST fertility rate? Russia Spain the United States South Korea

South Korea

Which person is demonstrating a commitment to his partner? Jim, who wants to make sure he does not lose himself in his relationship Matthias, who has a hard time forgiving his partner when she disappoints him Steve, who works hard to support his partner's growth Jack, who preserves his interests above everything else in his relationship

Steve who works hard to support his partner's growth

Pick one major reason for the declining fertility rates in industrialized countries. Younger people are more narcissistic than in the past. Pollution has resulted in lower female fertility. Child-rearing is more difficult than ever before. The transition to adulthood now takes much longer than in the past.

The transition to adulthood now takes much longer than in the past.

4. What is a major reason for the declining fertility rates in industrialized countries? Air and water pollution has caused lower female fertility. Young people are more narcissistic today than in the past. The transition to adulthood takes longer than it used to. Child-rearing today is more difficult than ever before.

The transition to adulthood takes longer than it used to

Which statement about happy couples is false? They are sensitive to their partners' need for "space." They make a high ratio of positive to negative comments. They personalize their conflicts. They rarely get contemptuous.

They personalize their conflicts

When the transition into adulthood takes a long time, what is MOST likely to happen? a decrease in young adults living with their parents an increase in narcissism among young adults a decrease in fertility rates an increase in marriages

a decrease in fertility rates

One disadvantage of a boundaryless career is: it provides a stable career path with commonly recognized markers of success and promotion. people are less likely to be locked into careers they despise. more job security. a lack of concern by corporations for the long-term welfare of their employees.

a lack of concern by corporations for the long-term welfare of their employees.

It is very difficult to be happy and/or successful if a person is unsure what is expected at his or her job. There is almost no chance of feeling "in flow" without guidelines as to how a worker can be effective. Developmentalists refer to this job-related stress as role: reversal. overload. ambiguity. conflict.

ambiguity

During the transition to parenthood the majority of couples: experience more intimacy. become happier with each other. become less happy with one another. share child care responsibilities equally.

become less happy with one another

Modern American media often portrays motherhood as: blissful and positive. overly negative. intensely stressful. realistic.

blissful and positive

During the last third of the 20th century, the shift in European and North American culture in which marriage has become more of a personal choice is called the _____ of marriage. dissolution disintegration dissemination deinstitutionalization

deinstitutionalization

The decline in marriage and the emergence of alternate family forms that occurred during the last third of the twentieth century.

deinstitutionalization of marriage

According to the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction, marriages are happiest: when both partners' work lives are satisfactory. when the youngest child begins school. when the husband earns slightly more than the wife. during the honeymoon and empty-nest stages.

during the honeymoon and empty-nest stages

Compared to middle-aged couples, _____ spouses argue less often. disengaged elderly young adult middle-aged

elderly

In national surveys, mothers of young children report _____ day-to-day happiness compared to women who are not parents or empty-nesters. much more lower the same higher

lower

_____ admit to having a favorite child. Fathers, but not mothers, Many mothers No mothers Few mothers

many mothers

_____ admit to having a favorite child. Many mothers Few mothers No mothers Fathers, but not mothers,

many mothers

Fairness in the "work" of a couple's life together. If a relationship lacks equity, with one partner doing significantly more than the other, the outcome is typically marital dissatisfaction.

marital equity

If a relationship lacks _____, with one partner doing significantly more than the other, the outcome is typically marital dissatisfaction. a breadwinner marital equity respect fairness

marital equity

Who tends to get blamed for how children turn out? mothers fathers society peers

mothers

Husband who actively participates in hands-on child care.

nurturer father

Jerry is a chemist, and his wife is a secretary at the local university. Their career profile embodies what concept? lifespan theory of careers occupational fit occupational segregation boundaryless careers

occupational segregation

Jerry is a chemist, and his wife is a secretary at the local university. Their career profile embodies: the lifespan theory of careers. occupational segregation. boundaryless careers. occupational fit.

occupational segregation

Rory has been working for a major American multinational oil company. He yearns for the days when careers had a secure, steady shape. Right after college, Rory settled into his job and hoped to stay with that same organization until he retired. However, almost all the people Rory started working with no longer are employed by the company, and Rory fears he will be next to be laid off. The one trend in the modern American economy that does NOT make Rory feel threatened is: technology-related cutbacks. occupational segregation. globalization. outsourcing.

occupational segregation

Scandinavian adults view marriage as: an essential step before having children. expected for some people, but not for others. an undesirable lifestyle. one of several acceptable alternatives.

one of several acceptable alternatives

A worker experiences role _____ when that person has too much work to do a good job. overload mismanagement conflict terror

overload

Rhonda's coworker just quit, and her boss is spreading out the responsibilities of the lost position to the remaining workers. Rhonda, already swamped with her own work, is at risk of experiencing role: shift. reversal. conflict. overload.

overload

According to John Holland's theory, the key to finding career fulfillment is matching one's job to one's: family needs. Correct: personality. personality. location. salary.

personality

All of the following are true regarding marriage, family, and work in the United States EXCEPT that, in general: people are happiest in the honeymoon phase of a marriage. having children does not bring couples closer together. technology has reduced the time that employed U.S. adults devote to work. most women devote more time to childcare than do men.

technology has reduced the time that employed U.S. adults devote to work.

Parenthood: makes people happier than they would be if they didn't have children. makes a marriage stronger. usually saves an unhappy couple. tends to produce more traditional marital gender roles.

tends to produce more traditional marital gender roles

According to the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction, marriages are happiest when: both partners' work lives are satisfactory. the husband earns slightly more than the wife. the couple is honeymooning or has an empty nest. the youngest child begins school.

the couple is honeymooning or has an empty nest

What is the greatest barrier that keeps dads from being fully involved in child care? the need to fulfill the breadwinner role society's view that men shouldn't be nurturers the mother's protectiveness grandparents' involvement with the grandchild

the need to fulfill the breadwinner role

If a person is laid off or unemployed, that person is more likely to be depressed if: the society views the unemployed as failures. there is little government aid such as unemployment benefits or food stamps. the national unemployment rate is high. many people he or she knows are experiencing the same thing.

the society vies the unemployed as failures

If a person is laid off or unemployed, that person is more likely to be depressed if: the society views the unemployed as failures. the national unemployment rate is high. there is little government aid such as unemployment benefits or food stamps. many people he or she knows are experiencing the same thing.

the society views the unemployed as failures

_____ young people in the United States want to be married. Very few About half of A slight majority of The vast majority of

the vast majority of

Which movement reflects the "lifestyle revolution" that occurred in Europe and North America during the last third of the 20th century that contributed to the deinstitutionalization of marriage? the Free Speech movement the Tea Party movement the women's movement the Civil Rights movement

the women's movement

According to recent research, which factor is NOT an influence on the extent of a father's hands-on care for children? whether he has traditional views of women's roles whether he is committed to the breadwinner role whether he works long hours whether he is upper middle class

whether he is upper middle class

According to research, which of these fathers would MOST likely resist taking on traditionally female duties in his marriage? Will, who has traditional gender role attitudes Hank, who values equality in his marriage Rafael, who works full-time, as does his wife Tuan, who loves being an involved, nurturing father to his children

will who has tradiitonal gender role attitudes

Statistically, in every nation _____ do most of the hands-on child care. women either gender both genders equally men

women

Rob and Gina just had their first child. They will most likely shift their view of each other from lover to: disciplinarian. work mate. equal partner in childrearing. confidant.

work mate