Chapter 11: Endocrine System

Aldosterone: 1. is a mineralocorticoid that causes sodium ions to be reabsorbed by the kidney back into the bloodstream in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. 2. is a glucocorticoid that causes sodium ions to be reabsorbed by the kidney back into the bloodstream in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. 3. is a mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal medulla that functions to regulate sodium ion concentration in the bloodstream. 4. is released by the posterior pituitary and functions to prevent diuresis.

1. is a mineralocorticoid that causes sodium ions to be reabsorbed by the kidney back into the bloodstream in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): 1. simulates the lining cells of follicles in the female to produce estrogen 2. stimulates the production of testosterone in males 3. stimulates oogenesis in males 4. stimulates the lining cells of follicles in the female to produce testosterone

1. simulates the lining cells of follicles in the female to produce estrogen

The portal system links: 1. the hypothalamus with the anterior portion of the pituitary gland 2. the hypothalamus with the posterior portion of the pituitary gland 3. the pituitary gland with the thyroid gland 4. the hypothalamus with the higher centers of the brain

1. the hypothalamus with the anterior portion of the pituitary gland

The production of thyroid hormone: 1. decreases with exposure to cold temperatures 2. increases with exposure to cold temperatures 3. occurs when thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the posterior pituitary gland reaches the thyroid gland 4. maintains homeostasis of blood calcium levels

2. increases with exposure to cold temperatures

Which of the following is false? 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are stored in the neurohypophysis. 2. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are produced in the hypothalamus and transferred to the posterior pituitary where they are stored until needed. 3. Negative feedback from glands directly stimulates the posterior pituitary to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin. 4. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and prolactin are produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the neurohypophysis.

3. Negative feedback from glands directly stimulates the posterior pituitary to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production: 1. is generally regulated by feedback from hormones of the adrenal cortex in a negative feedback mechanism 2. can be released quickly via stimulation of the hypothalamus by other parts of the brain 3. produced by the posterior pituitary 4. a and b

4. a and b

Diabetes insipidus is characterized by both a low level of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the blood and the production of very concentrated urine.

False

Insulin has a hyperglycemic effect in the body.

False

Males do not produce luteinizing hormone (LH).

False

Pregnancy can be diagnosed in dogs and cats using a blood test that detects chorionic gonadotropin, which is a hormone produced by the placenta.

False

T/F: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates growth and development of the adrenal medulla and the release of some of its hormones.

False

T/F: The anterior pituitary develops from the nervous system in the embryo.

False

T/F: The chemical messengers for the nervous system are hormones, and for the endocrine system neurotransmitters.

False

The fight or flight response is produced only by the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are produced by the adrenal medulla.

False

The seven hormones produced by the posterior pituitary are also stored there.

False

Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia.

True

In males, spermatogenesis is stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

True

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is associated with control of color changes in the melanocytes of reptiles, fish, and amphibians.

True

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) helps prevent hypocalcemia by (in addition to other means) "instructing" the intestines to absorb calcium.

True

Progestin-related drugs are used, especially in horses, to delay the onset of estrus and to synchronize the estrous periods in groups of females so they can be bred together.

True

Prostaglandins are produced in a variety of body tissues and are derived from unsaturated fatty acids.

True

T/F: If the thyroid hormone level in the blood is too high, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release is decreased.

True

T/F: The hypothalamus links the higher centers in the cerebral cortex with the lower brain centers via the pituitary gland.

True

T/F: The neurohypophysis stores hormones produced in the hypothalamus.

True

The adrenal medulla develops from nervous tissue.

True

The posterior pituitary is also known as the neurohypophysis.

True

Thyroid hormone allows an animal to generate heat and maintain a constant internal body temperature when the temperature outside changes.

True

Calcium plays an important role in: blood clotting milk secretion muscle contraction all of the above

all of the above

Testosterone is a steroid with an overall _____ effect. catabolic hyperglycemic anabolic calorigenic

anabolic

The posterior pituitary gland receives these hormones from the hypothalamus. luteinizing hormone oxytocin b and d antidiuretic hormone

b and d

Secretin and cholecystokinin are produced by the: cells lining the small intestine kidneys pineal body thymus

cells lining the small intestine

This structure produces progestin hormones needed to maintain pregnancy: uterus corpus luteum ovary the embryo

corpus luteum

A deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body causes the disease: diabetes insipidus diabetes mellitus hypoadrenocorticism hyperadrenocorticism

diabetes insipidus

Rising amounts of this hormone in the blood cause the anterior pituitary to produce less and less follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). progestins estrogen oxytocin prolactin

estrogen

Calcitonin: is released by the parathyroid gland functions to prevent hypercalcemia functions to prevent hypocalcemia is released by the adrenal medulla

functions to prevent hypercalcemia

These hormones help to maintain blood pressure, resist effects of stress, cause blood glucose to rise, and are also known as steroids: mineralocorticoids sex hormones glucocorticoids adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

glucocorticoids

Another name for somatotropic hormone is: gonadotropin melanocyte-stimulating hormone calcitonin growth hormone

growth hormone

The hyperglycemic effect results from the release of _____ from the anterior pituitary. insulin thyroid-stimulating hormone growth hormone prolactin

growth hormone

Thyroid hormone affects the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates similar to: growth hormone (GH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) parathyroid hormone (PTH) glucocorticoids

growth hormone (GH)

Two other hormones in addition to glucagon that function to raise blood sugar levels are: growth hormones and glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids parathyroid hormone and calcitonin prolactin and glucocorticoids

growth hormones and glucocorticoids

The pituitary gland is also known as the: hypophysis parahypophysis lesser hypothalamus portal pituitary

hypophysis

Luteinizing hormone is also known as: testosterone interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) androgens follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)

The pancreas produces insulin, which functions to: raise blood levels of glucose lower blood levels of glucose inhibit the secretion of growth hormone (GH) diminish the activity of the gastrointestinal tract

lower blood levels of glucose

In most animals, ovulation occurs when this hormone reaches its peak: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) luteinizing hormone (LH) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

luteinizing hormone (LH)

The pineal body produces _____, which affects (among other things) moods and wake-sleep cycles. secretin thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) erythropoietin melatonin

melatonin

Hormone secretion is usually controlled by _____ systems. target cortical portal negative feedback

negative feedback

During nursing or milking, this hormone is released into the bloodstream to stimulate milk letdown: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) oxytocin prolactin

oxytocin

This hormone stimulates strong uterine contractions in the uterus at the time of parturition: prolactin estrogen progesterone oxytocin

oxytocin

This hormone helps trigger and maintain lactation: prolactin luteinizing hormone oxytocin parathormone

prolactin

Growth hormone causes: protein catabolism lipid catabolism lipid anabolism protein anabolism

protein anabolism

Somatotropic hormone works to promote: milk letdown the hyperglycemic effect homeostasis of blood calcium levels ovulation

the hyperglycemic effect

The target for epinephrine and norepinephrine is: bones only mammary gland only thyroid gland only the whole body

the whole body