Chapter 11- Fat Soluble Vitamins (Study Guide)

Vitamin A Toxicity from excess preformed Vitamin A can result in 5 way

1. Bone defect 2. Birth defects 3. Nausea/vomiting 4. high pressure in the skull 5. liver damage

What are good food sources of Vitamin D? Name 5

1. Fatty fish 2. Fortified milk 3. Eggs 4. Butter 5. Liver and sun-exposed mushrooms are an excellent source of D2

What is the primary source of Vitamin D for humans in general?

The sun

Which Vitamins are antioxidants?

Vitamin E!

Can you make to much vitamin D from exposure?

No

Explain the effects of skin pigmentation, latitude, sun exposure, age, and sunscreen on Vitamin D production by the skin.

1. Lighter skin tones are prone to skin cancer and sun burns. Darker skin has more melanin. 2. Above 40 degrees North ad South latitude, Vitamin D synthesis stops in winter 3. Sub burns and skin cancer 4. Aging reduces the skin's capacity to make vitamin D and the kidneys' ability to convert it to its active form. 5. Sunscreen blocks vitamin D synthesis but protects against skin cancer.

What are good sources of preformed Vitamin A? Name the 5 *Vitamin A is important for normal vision, the immune system, and reproduction

1. fortified milk 2. Egg yolk 3. butter 4. liver 5. fish liver oils

What are the common symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency (there are 5)?

1. night blindness 2. blindness 3. very rough skin (keratinization) 4. infections with greater risk of death 5. poor growth

What are the main functions of Vitamin A? (so many name the 6)

1. supports reproduction & growth (retinoic acid) 2. vision (night vision & health of Cornea) 3. myelin sheath 4. production of epithelial cells (skin and mucous membrane) 5. beta-carotene is an antioxidant 6. normal immune function

A deficiency of Vitamin _ is the leading cause of blindness in the world today

A

Beta Carotene can be converted by the body to the active form of Vitamain __.

A *excessive beta carotene is not toxic when it comes from food

What are antioxidants? Why are they beneficial?

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals by donating an electron. Free radicals can cause organ damage and cancer. Free radicals can damage DNA, RNA, Proteins resulting in cell damage, diseases, and aging.

What are the names of Vitamin D deficiency disease in children and adults? What are the symptoms (4)?

Children: rickets Adults: Osteomalacia (bones become soft, flexible, deformed, painful and may break) Symptoms include depression, inflammation, muscle soreness, weakness

Vitamin _ is needed for the absorption of Calcium and _____.

D, Phosphorus

What are the toxicity symptoms fro too much Vitamin D? Name the 2

Excess vitamin D raises the concentration of blood calcium. Excess blood calcium tends to precipitate in the soft tissue, forming stones, especially in the kidneys where calcium is concentrated in an effort to excrete it. Calcification may also harden the blood vessels and is especially dangerous in the major arteries of the brain, heart, and lungs, where it can cause death. Calcium deposit in the liver, heart, and other organs. Also, liver failure

What is the main symptom of Vitamin K deficiency? one

Hemorrhaging (BLEEDING!!!)

What should you look for when choosing vitamin supplements to choose a safe dose?

Look for <100% of Daily Value. (LOOK FOR SUPPLEMENTS THAT PROVIDE NO MORE THAN 100% of the Daily Values.

Which fat-soluble vitamin is given by injection to newborns why?

Newborns receives Vitamin K injection to enable normal blood clotting. Kathia's baby will get a shot of Vitamin K to help enable normal blood clotting.

Is taking vitamin supplements a good way to make up for a poor diet? Explain.

No

What are the best food sources for Vitamin E?

Vegetable oils, nuts like peanut and walnuts, seeds

Which fat-soluble vitamin is made by the skin after sun exposure to sunlight?

Vitamain D

Which two vitamins can most easily become toxic when consumed in amounts above the DRI's?

Vitamin A and D

Name 3 vitamins that are often low in the diets of people who rarely ear fruits and vegetables?

Vitamin A, C, K and B6

Which fat-soluble vitamin is made by bacteria in the small intestine? Do we still need to consume this vitamin from food? What is it's function and sources?

Vitamin K. Yes! Vitamin K functions are bone health (bone protein) and blood clotting. Sources are deep green vegetables and vegetable oils.

what are good food sources of beta carotene? name 2

deep orange and deep green fruits & vegetables

is it harmful for a person to turn orange from large dose of beta carotene?

yes, this condition is called hyper-caro-ten-emia, the result of a Vitamin A.