Chapter 11 Inquisitive

What percentage of American workers belonged to a union in 1955?

35%

What percentage of higher-education faculty is made up of part time adjunct (non-tenure-track) instructors?

50%

As recently as 2001, the Department of Labor estimates that there were roughly how many sweatshops in major U.S. cities?

7,000

Symbolic Interactionism

workers whose jobs are outsourced may come to see themselves as worthless and expandable because it seems that others see them that way, too

True or False: A Weberian perspective suggests that bureaucracies can deprive employers of a sense of autonomy, individuality, and control, while a Marxist perspective suggests that capitalist corporations can exploit their workers and cause alienation

True

True or False: Robin Leidner's research in the book "Fast Food, Fast Talk" that found that training McDonald's workers to interact with customers using "The Six Steps" ensured that a customer experienced the exact same greeting no matter with which McDonald's employee they interacted.

False

True or False: The only remaining purely socialist or communist countries countries in the world are Cubs and Chine

False

The Typographical Union

Formed in 1852, this union is usually considered the first organized union in the United States

SNAP

Formerly known as the Food Stamp Program

TANF

A cash benefit program that is often referred to as welfare

Jacqueline Lewis' field of study

Exotic dancers

Two characteristics of a socialist economic system:

-Citizens have access to resources such as health care, food, housing, and other social services to meet their basic needs -Property and goods are mainly collectively owned

Randall Collins

-College provides only a credential and not the skills needed for a job -The value of credentials might be a moving target since credential inflation creates a credential arms race

Shallow Integration

-Companies have a national model -A product is made solely in one country and exported to another

During the past five years, which brands and companies have been associated with foreign sweatshop labor?

-Forever 21 -Urban Outfitters -Nike -The Gap -J.C. Penney -Khol's -Walmart -H&M

What three statements about modern service work are true?

-Service work is the dominant form of employment in the postindustrial economy -In service work, situations arise when the worker's concerns, standards, and expectations conflict with those of clients -Service workers face potential clashes with both clients and supervisors

Three examples of individual resistance strategies

-Surfing the web on work time -Sabotaging an assembly line -Daydreaming on the job

What three things about modern agricultural work are true?

-The agribusiness system is an integrated and interdependent system that includes the actual labor of farming as well as developing and selling farm equipment, food processing, marketing and sales -Large agribusiness corporations have mostly pushed smaller farms out of the market -Agriculture is highly dependent on technology

What three statements about the Information Age and modern knowledge work are true?

-The average worker is working more hours in a week than her predecessor in the pre-Information Age workplace -Most new jobs being created are considered knowledge work -The rise of new technologies may roll back many of the original effects of the Industrial Revolution

Identify the characteristics of a capitalist economic system

-The production, pricing, and distribution of goods are determined by a free market -Property and goods are mainly privately owned -Investment decisions are made by private entities

Deep Integration

-This type of integration necessitates global trade agreements -Companies have a multinational model

What three factors played a significant role in the division of labor within the agricultural economy that flourished in the early U.S. and encouraged a stratified force?

-gender -race -class

Knowledge work jobs:

-market researcher -advertising copywriter -web designer

Service work jobs:

-massage therapists -bank teller

What types of people are most likely to obtain paid internships?

-men -students from higher-income backgrounds

"Gold Farming" by mostly Chinese players of massively multiplayer online role-playing games highlights which of the following concepts?

-sweatshops -global inequality

While outsourcing is practiced by numerous U.S. businesses, these employers are often reluctant to fully disclose details. Companies like General Electric, Caterpillar, Microsoft, and Walmart, hire close to ___1___ of all American workers. Yet during the 2000s, companies like these shrank their domestic workforces by ___2___ while increasing their rosters of foreign employees by __3__. Data show that outsourcing to China between 2001 and 2013 cost the US __4__ jobs, almost __5__ of which were in manufacturing.

1-20 percent 2-2.9 million 3-2.4 million 4-3.2 million 5-66 percent

Five of the top twenty five transnational firms are U.S companies

1-General Electric 4-ExxonMobil 9-Chevron 19-Apple 25-Johnson & Johnson

Place these important events during the Industrial Revolution in order from first to last:

1-Invention of the Morse telegraph 2-Completion of the transcontinental railroad 3-Invention of the telephone 4-Introduction of Henry Ford's moving assembly line that produced a model T car in 93 minutes

Place each event related to unions i chronological order:

1-Textile mill strikes took place in Lawrence, Massusetts 2-The Taft-Harley Act limits the power of unions and activities of their members 3-The average yearly number of strikes during this decade was 352 4-Members of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union strike in California ports

In __1__, the government owns everything and all citizens work for the government and are considered equal, with no __2__ distinctions.

1-communism 2-class

Many socialist nations have __1__ who enjoy a higher class of living than workers.

1-political elites

Under __1__, workers do not enjoy the same consumption patterns that __2__ economies encourage.

1-socialism 2-capitalist

What percentage of American workers telecommute at least part time?

10%

What is the number of American workers who belonged to a union in 2014?

14.6 million

What is the year in which the Industrial Revolution began in England with the invention of the stream engine?

1769

In which decade did the Information Revolution begin?

1970s

What is an example of Moore's Law?

A microprocessor introduced in fall 2014 is half as fast as one introduced in fall 2016

Large social and economic changes followed from the domestication of plants and animals and the gradually increasing efficiency of food production. What do scholars call this type of revolution?

Agricultural

Loren Bourassa and Blake Ashforth's field of study

Alaskan fisherman

According to Karl Marx, what is the condition in which people are dominated by forces of their own creation?

Alienation

Pew Research Center

College graduates earn about $650,000 more than high school graduates over a lifetime

James Heckman

College is worth it only for those who are prepared and smart

The textbook suggests that not all corporations are evil and states that corporation are adopting new forms of self-regulation as well as taking proactive measures to integrate social and ethical concerns into their business models. This is part of a movement called "CSR." What does "CSR" stand for?

Corporate Social Responsibility

Some for-profit higher education institutions receive a large proportion of tuition payments via government grants and loans. These institutions may often attempt to enroll as many students as possible, regardless of their actual preparation for college. Thus, many suggest that for-profit higher education institutions are benefiting from a version of what?

Corporate welfare

Spencer Cahill's field of study

Funeral directors

The cultural and economic changes resulting from dramatically increased international trade and exchange in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries are known as what?

Globalization

Peter Capelli

Many college graduates obtain jobs for which they do not need a college education

Under modern capitalism, a firm experiencing a strike can keep labor costs low by doing what?

Move operations to a country where workers do not have the right to strike

The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008

Often referred to as the "bailout bill"

What did Dan Price, CEO of Gravity Payments, do that presents an example of "corporate conscience"?

Price took a $930,000 pay cut to raise the minimum yearly salary for all employees to $70,000

What highlights the autonomy experienced by knowledge workers such as those who work at Google?

They often have the freedom to take breaks when they choose

The American Federation of Labor

This union formed in 1881 when a number of smaller groups banded together

The Congress of Industrial Organizations

This union merged with another large union in 1955 to become the largest federation of unions in the United States

The Affordable Care Act of 2010

Ushered in more federally mandated health care coverage for millions of Americans

Conflict Theory

outsourcing exploits poor and developing nations and laid-off local workers, all while enriching corporations

Structural Functionalism

outsourcing is necessary to keep both national and global economies stable in the current market

Alienation from the production process

people cannot control their working conditions

Alienation from one's product

people perform highly specialized labor

Alienation from oneself

people's creativity is stifled

Alienation from other people

people's social worth is determined by their earnings