Chapter 11 MIS NO LONG ANSWER

45) Software programs that work without direct human intervention to carry out specific tasks for individual users, business processes, or software applications, are called: A) intelligent agents. B) intelligent techniques. C) business intelligence. D) AI hybrid systems. E) genetic algorithms.

A) intelligent agents.

15) Informal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests are called communities of: A) practice. B) professionals. C) interest. D) knowledge. E) expertise.

A) practice.

88) CAD workstations: A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) provide an important source of expertise for organizations. C) allow groups to work together on documents. D) are high-end PCs used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management. E) facilitate employee learning.

A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing.

75) In content management, once a taxonomy is developed, documents must then be ________ with the proper classification. A) tagged B) inventoried C) tupled D) retrieved E) archived

A) tagged

52) The collection of expert rules developed by expert systems is referred to as: A) the knowledge base. B) a deep learning neural network. C) a genetic algorithm. D) Internet of Things (IoT). E) artificial intelligence.

A) the knowledge base.

2) About ________ percent of the total economic output of the United States derives from the output of the knowledge and information sectors of the economy. A) 15 B) 20 C) 55 D) 65 E) 85

B) 20

1) Which of the following is the first step in the knowledge management value chain? A) Feedback B) Acquire C) Disseminate D) Store E) Apply

B) Acquire

76) You are advising a video production company on the best type of knowledge management system to help them archive digital video and sound clips. Which of the following will suit their needs? A) MOOC B) Digital asset management system C) CAD system D) Virtual reality system E) LMS

B) Digital asset management system

30) Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique? A) Digital asset management B) Neural network C) CAD D) Augmented reality E) LMS

B) Neural network

4) The text defines ________ as the flow of events or transactions captured by an organization's system. A) information B) data C) wisdom D) knowledge E) experience

B) data

36) Virtually all expert systems deal with problems: A) of policy development. B) that are highly structured. C) of logic and control. D) of high complexity. E) with imprecise rules.

B) that are highly structured.

39) Supervised machine learning involves: A) programmers supervising the machine learning program. B) training a neural network to identify digital photos of cars or other objects in a very large dataset, with humans assessing whether the machine is correct or incorrect. C) programs that identify cats (or other objects) without human intervention. D) complex computer programs that decide what they want to learn. E) using very large databases to store common sense knowledge, then searching the database for patterns.

B) training a neural network to identify digital photos of cars or other objects in a very large dataset, with humans assessing whether the machine is correct or incorrect.

47) Deep learning networks: A) rely on humans to help it identify patterns. B) use multiple layers of neural networks to detect patterns in input data. C) rely on experts to tell the system what patterns to expect in the data. D) require labeled data as input. E) require explicit programming by humans to identify patterns in unlabeled data.

B) use multiple layers of neural networks to detect patterns in input data.

32) Which of the following is a computer-based system that attempts to emulate how humans think and act? A) Virtual reality systems B) Neural networks C) AI technology D) Genetic algorithms E) LMS

C) AI technology

72) Which of the following types of system enables organizations to digitize, index, and tag structured and unstructured knowledge and documents according to a coherent framework? A) Wikis B) CAD C) ECM D) LMS E) VR

C) ECM

43) Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic algorithms? A) Genetic algorithms are designed to process large amounts of information. B) Genetic algorithms are a type of knowledge discovery, while neural networks are an intelligent technique. C) Genetic algorithms are used to evaluate alternative solutions to problems, whereas neural networks are used to discover patterns in data. D) Genetic algorithms are designed to work with small amounts of data, while neural networks can handle large quantities of data. E) Neural networks are a type of machine learning, whereas genetic algorithms are static programs.

C) Genetic algorithms are used to evaluate alternative solutions to problems, whereas neural networks are used to discover patterns in data.

86) Which of the following statements about 3-D printing is not true? A) It creates solid objects. B) It is also called additive manufacturing. C) It is incompatible with the cloud. D) It creates objects layer by layer. E) It uses specifications in a digital file.

C) It is incompatible with the cloud.

14) Which of the following does not describe the dimensions of knowledge in a firm? A) It is contextual and applicable only in relevant situations. B) It is intangible. C) It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns. D) It is a cognitive event involving mental models. E) It is enmeshed in a firm's culture.

C) It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns.

3) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between collaboration and knowledge management? A) Collaboration is impossible without knowledge. B) Knowledge is impossible without collaboration. C) Knowledge is useful only when shared with others. D) As knowledge improves, so does collaboration. E) Knowledge is the result of collaboration.

C) Knowledge is useful only when shared with others.

49) Which of the following statements about natural language processing (NLP) is not true? A) NLP is used by Google to return more meaningful search engine results based on the user's search language. B) NLP is typically based on machine learning techniques. C) NLP relies on the use of natural language experts. D) NLP can infer customers' specific needs when they call help centers. E) NLP often uses neural networks.

C) NLP relies on the use of natural language experts.

42) Which of the following has a large number of sensing and processing nodes that continuously interact with each other? A) Business intelligence systems B) Expert systems C) Neural networks D) Knowledge management systems E) Genetic algorithm

C) Neural networks

38) Machine learning systems: A) use machines to master a body of knowledge. B) rely on expert systems to identify learning objectives. C) find patterns in large data sets. D) simulate the neurons in human brains to find patterns. E) are currently not useful for organizations.

C) find patterns in large data sets.

35) Expert systems: A) are capable of solving wide ranges of problems. B) are based on DO WHILE rules. C) lack the general intelligence of human beings. D) share characteristics with mainframe computing. E) are used for knowledge discovery.

C) lack the general intelligence of human beings.

11) The set of business processes, culture, and behavior required to obtain value from investments in information systems is one type of: A) knowledge culture. B) knowledge discovery. C) organizational and management capital. D) organizational routine. E) knowledge.

C) organizational and management capital.

40) Unsupervised machine learning involves: A) using very large databases to store common sense knowledge, then searching the database for patterns. B) using algorithms to simulate the neurons and synapses of human brains. C) programs that can detect digital photos of human faces and cats without humans labeling the input photos. D) using labeled inputs identified by humans to recognize objects. E) using genetic algorithms to identify patters in large datasets.

C) programs that can detect digital photos of human faces and cats without humans labeling the input photos.

37) Expert systems are expensive and time consuming to maintain because: A) their rule base is so complex. B) they rely on equipment that becomes outdated. C) their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules. D) only the person who created the system knows exactly how it works, and may not be available when changes are needed. E) it is difficult to program at this level of complexity without introducing software bugs.

C) their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules.

41) Neural networks: A) are composed of an input layer and an output layer. B) rely on rules similar to expert systems. C) use Learning Rules to identify the optimal path through the network. D) use facial recognition algorithms to identify unique facial characteristics. E) function similar to the human brain in recognizing objects.

C) use Learning Rules to identify the optimal path through the network.

31) Which of the following techniques is used for knowledge acquisition? A) Decision support systems B) Transaction processing systems C) CAD D) Data mining E) Content management system

D) Data mining

89) Which of the following would not be classified as a KWS? A) CAD system B) 3D visualization system C) AR applications D) Expert system E) VR system

D) Expert system

6) Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of the importance of knowledge to a firm? A) Knowledge experiences network effects as more people share it. B) Knowledge should be seen as an intangible key asset. C) Knowledge enables firms to become more efficient in their use of scarce resources. D) Knowledge is unconditional. E) Much of the firm's value relies on being able to create knowledge.

D) Knowledge is unconditional.

78) Which of the following is a tool for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning? A) Investment workstation B) Organizational learning system C) Employee enrichment system D) LMS E) Employee management system

D) LMS

48) ________ can improve their performance without explicit programming. A) Neural networks B) Communities of practice C) Genetic algorithms D) Machine learning E) Intelligent techniques

D) Machine learning

54) Which of the following statements about robotics is not true? A) Robotics involves the creation and use of machines than can substitute for humans. B) Robotics relies on sensors to provide vision and sensory feedback. C) Robotics can be used for surgery, bomb deactivation, and other dangerous environments. D) Robotics does not require programming but instead relies solely on AI. E) Robotics has widespread use in the automobile industry.

D) Robotics does not require programming but instead relies solely on AI.

28) All of the following are intelligent personal assistants for consumers except: A) Siri. B) Alexa. C) Google Now. D) Watson. E) Cortana.

D) Watson.

33) An inference engine is: A) a neural network that can make inferences. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy used to search through the collection of rules and formulate conclusions. E) a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using a deep learning system.

D) a strategy used to search through the collection of rules and formulate conclusions.

92) Augmented reality is: A) a system for creating computer-generated simulations that are close to reality. B) a system that uses machine learning to produce new digital images. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a technology for enhancing visualization by overlaying digital data and images onto a physical real-world environment. E) a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using machine learning.

D) a technology for enhancing visualization by overlaying digital data and images onto a physical real-world environment.

87) All of the following are considered to be knowledge workers except: A) designers. B) engineers. C) architects. D) executives. E) researchers.

D) executives.

16) All of the following are intangible assets of a firm except its: A) brand. B) reputation. C) knowledge. D) information technology. E) unique business processes.

D) information technology.

29) Apple's Siri application is an example of: A) neural networks. B) augmented reality. C) AI. D) intelligent agents. E) machine learning.

D) intelligent agents.

9) Changing organizational behavior by sensing and responding to new experience and knowledge is called: A) change management. B) knowledge leveraging. C) the knowledge value chain. D) organizational learning. E) knowledge management.

D) organizational learning.

90) VR systems: A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) automate the creation and revision of designs. C) use machines to make solid objects. D) use computer-generated simulations that are so close to reality that users almost believe they are participating in a real-world situation. E) enable acquiring, storing, and disseminating knowledge documents in a virtual world.

D) use computer-generated simulations that are so close to reality that users almost believe they are participating in a real-world situation.

10) What is the last value-adding step in the knowledge business value chain? A) Acquire B) Data and information acquisition C) Store D) Disseminate E) Apply

E) Apply

12) Which of the following are the three major types of knowledge management systems? A) MIS, DSS, and TPS B) CRM, SCM, and CAD C) DBMS, DSS, and ECM D) COPs, ECM, and MIS E) Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, KWS, and intelligent techniques

E) Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, KWS, and intelligent techniques

27) Which of the following statements about genetic algorithms is not true? A) Genetic algorithms are based on techniques inspired by evolutionary biology. B) Genetic algorithms are used to solve problems that are very dynamic and complex, involving hundreds or thousands of variables or formulas. C) Genetic algorithms are able to evaluate many solution alternatives quickly to find the best one. D) Genetic algorithms use an iterative process to refine initial solutions so that better ones are more likely to emerge as the best solution. E) Genetic algorithms discover knowledge by using hardware and software that parallel the processing patterns of the biological or human brain.

E) Genetic algorithms discover knowledge by using hardware and software that parallel the processing patterns of the biological or human brain.

8) Which of the following is not one of the main four dimensions of knowledge described in the chapter? A) Knowledge is a firm asset. B) Knowledge has different forms. C) Knowledge has a location. D) Knowledge is situational. E) Knowledge is timeless.

E) Knowledge is timeless.

50) Computer vision systems rely on which of the following intelligent techniques? A) Genetic algorithms B) Expert systems C) Database programs D) Intelligent computer agents E) Pattern recognition

E) Pattern recognition

71) ________ knowledge exists in formal documents, as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making behaviors. A) Unstructured B) Tacit C) Management D) Explicit E) Structured

E) Structured

73) All of the following are typical components or capabilities of an ECM system except: A) knowledge portals. B) communication tools. C) tagging tools. D) digital asset management. E) artificial intelligence tools.

E) artificial intelligence tools.

51) Intelligent agents rely on: A) agent-based modeling. B) MOOC. C) augmented reality. D) virtual reality systems. E) machine learning.

E) machine learning.

53) A(n) ________ is a type of intelligent technique that finds patterns and relationships in massive data sets too large for a human to analyze. A) inference engine B) CAD C) expert system D) genetic algorithm E) neural network

E) neural network

5) The text defines ________ as expertise of organizational members that has not been formally documented. A) wisdom B) information C) data D) experience E) tacit knowledge

E) tacit knowledge

79) A(n) ________ is a scheme for classifying information and knowledge in such a way that it can be easily accessed. A) Intelligent technique B) COP C) KWS D) enterprise-wide knowledge management system E) taxonomy

E) taxonomy

17) While systems such as KWS can manage semistructured and unstructured information, enterprise-wide content management systems are designed to manage only a firm's structured information.

FALSE

19) For a firm, organizational resources are unnecessary to transform data into knowledge.

FALSE

20) Expertise is typically stored in structured documents throughout the firm.

FALSE

58) Expert systems work by applying a set of AND/OR rules against a knowledge base, both of which are extracted from human experts.

FALSE

59) Neural Networks are not well suited for diagnostic systems in medicine.

FALSE

60) Deep learning neural networks can learn as well as humans.

FALSE

61) Machine learning systems "learn" patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data, searching for relationships, building models, and correcting over and over again the model's own mistakes.

FALSE

62) Because neural network applications cannot always explain why they arrive at a particular solution, they are not well suited for use in the medical profession.

FALSE

64) Intelligent agents can discover underlying patterns, categories, and behaviors in large data sets.

FALSE

65) Today's AI systems are very good at creating new products for business firms.

FALSE

81) Real knowledge is stored only in structured documents.

FALSE

83) Semistructured information is all the knowledge in a firm that resides in the heads of experienced employees.

FALSE

95) Knowledge workers include all of a company's workers who are tasked with managing or creating knowledge, from top-level scientists to clerical and data workers.

FALSE

18) Knowledge is "sticky" and not easily moved.

TRUE

21) Document management systems are essentially large databases.

TRUE

55) Expert systems are one of the tools used for knowledge storage.

TRUE

56) Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization.

TRUE

57) Expert systems are typically used in business in discrete, highly structured decision-making situations.

TRUE

63) AI applications are used by search engines and social networks to target ads.

TRUE

82) Structured knowledge is explicit knowledge that exists in formal documents and formal rules.

TRUE

93) 3-D printers can produce fully functioning components, such as working batteries and LEDs.

TRUE

94) CAD and virtual reality are both types of Knowledge Work Systems (KWS).

TRUE

96) Computer-aided design automates the creation and management of designs.

TRUE

97) Today's 3-D printers can create objects out of human cartilage.

TRUE

98) The yellow first-down markers shown on televised football games are examples of AR.

TRUE

80) Coca-Cola uses a ________ in order to classify, store and distribute all the images of the brand. A) digital asset management system B) virtual reality system C) learning management system D) neural network E) knowledge base

A) digital asset management system

34) Which of the following is not true about AI technologies? A) AI programs today have mastered common sense thinking similar to humans. B) AI can recognize human speech with only a 6 percent error rate. C) Speech recognition is used in intelligent personal assistants like Siri and Alexa. D) AI programs can recognize faces. E) AI systems take data from the environment, and produce outputs like other computer programs.

A) AI programs today have mastered common sense thinking similar to humans.

91) Which of the following seeks to enhance human perception by combining a live direct view of the physical world with computer-generated images? A) Augmented reality B) Expert system C) Computer-Aided Design D) Knowledge Work System E) Machine Learning System

A) Augmented reality

13) Specialized systems built for knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company are called: A) Knowledge Work Systems (KWS). B) Learning Management Systems (LMS). C) wikis. D) COPs. E) enterprise-wide knowledge management systems.

A) Knowledge Work Systems (KWS).

7) What is meant by the statement "knowledge is sticky"? A) Knowledge is hard to move. B) Knowledge is universally applicable. C) Knowledge works only in certain situations. D) Knowledge is intangible. E) Knowledge is difficult to replace.

A) Knowledge is hard to move.

46) What type of intelligent technique helps Netflix develop a personalized selection of videos for customers? A) Machine learning B) Intelligent agents C) Genetic algorithms D) Neural networks E) Deep learning neural networks

A) Machine learning

74) Which of the following would not be considered semistructured knowledge? A) Request for proposals B) Voice mail C) Videos D) E-mail E) Brochures

A) Request for proposals

77) A MOOC is: A) a type of online course. B) an intelligent technique. C) a VR system. D) a machine learning system. E) a type of content management system.

A) a type of online course.

44) Genetic algorithms: A) develop solutions to particular problems using inheritance, crossover, and mutation. B) represent knowledge as groups of characteristics. C) do not work for most problems. D) are based on logic. E) seek to emulate a human expert's way of solving problems.

A) develop solutions to particular problems using inheritance, crossover, and mutation.