Chapter 11 - Muscle Tissue

Which ATP production would be sufficient to run in place for one minute? Creatine phosphate Anaerobic cellular respiration Aerobic cellular respiration

Anerobic cellular respiration

In the diagram, calcium ions will rush into this area B C D

B

In the diagram, where troponin, tropomyosin, and nebulin located? B C S E D

B

On the diagram, which layer is composed of dense irregular and surrounds a muscle? A B C D E

B

Smooth muscle tone is maintained by the prolonged presence of ___ in the muscle cell's cytosol? ATP Calcium ions Sodium ions Acetylcholine Oxygen

Calcium ions

Contraction of myofibrils within a muscle fiber begins when Sodium enters the muscle fiber Acetylcholine binds to ligand gates Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum An action potential travels t-tubules Calcium is moved into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

All of the muscle fibers within the muscle are fully contracted in A B C D

D

In the diagram, how do action potentials penetrate the outside of the muscle fiber? D E L K A

D

In the diagram, what area is composed of only thick filaments? C E A B D

D

In the diagram, where would you find stored Ca2+? B D G F K

F

Which of the regions of a sarcomere contain titin? The A band only The H zone only The zone of overlap only From M line to Z disc The I band only

From M line to Z disc

During muscle contractions, thin filaments are pulled towards the Z disc H zone M line A band I band

M line

Thapsigargin is a potent calcium ATPase pump inhibitors. What state of the myogram would be affected immediately? Latent period Contraction period Relaxation period All myogram stages are affected

Relaxation period

Skeletal muscle contraction is triggered to begin when calcium is released from Myofibrils Mitochondria Terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum T- tubules

Terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum

Why would cardiac muscles have longer refractory periods than skeletal muscles? Choose the best answer? To preserve the normal rhythm of the heart and prevent fatigue The muscle types contain different contractile proteins Skeletal muscle is autorhythmic Skeletal muscles have prolonged calcium influx Cardiac muscle is not dependent on aerobic respiration to produce ATP

To preserve the normal rhythm of the heart and prevent fatigue

The opening ligan gates on the sarcolemma is directly caused by Acetylcholine attachmnet Calcium influx into the motor neuron Sodium influx into the muscle fiber Acetylcholinesterase activity All choices are correct

all choices are correct

Which type of muscle tissue contracts when excited by their own autorhythmic muscle fibers? Cardiac muscle Slow twitch oxidative skeletal muscle Multi-unit smooth muscle Fast twitch glycolytic skeletal muscle

cardiac muscle

tissue type in order from least to most ability to regenerate Smooth, skeletal, cardiac Skeletal, cardiac, smooth Cardiac, smooth, skeletal Skeletal, smooth, cardiac Cardiac, skeletal, smooth

cardiac, skeletal, smooth

Which protein is used to reinforce the sarcolemma and help transmit the tension generated by the sarcomeres to the tendons? Troponin Tropomyosin Myosin Actin Dystrophin

dystrophin

When an athlete performs a pull up (raising their chin to a bar while their body hangs), the process of lowering the body down is Concentric Eccentric Isometric

eccentric

The outermost layer of connective tissues surrounding a skeletal muscle is the Tendon Ligament Endomysium Epimysium Perimysium

epimysium

Which property of muscle gives it the ability to stretch without damage? Electrical excitability Contractility Extensibility Elasticity

extensibility

World class shot-putters will have a higher percentage of ___ in their arm muscles Slow oxidative fibers Fast oxidative fibers Fast glycolytic fibers

fast glycolytic fibers

Leg muscles are predominantly composed of which type of muscle fiber? Slow oxidative Fast glycolytic Fast oxidative-glycolytic Slow glycolytic Fast oxidative

fast oxidative-glycolytic

After the fusion of myoblasts, the muscle fiber loses its ability to Grow Lengthen Contact Go through mitosis

go through mitosis

Strength training would result in Atrophy of fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers Hypertrophy of fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers Hyperplasia of fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers Conversaion of slow oxidative fibers to fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers

hypertrophy of fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers

Motor unit recruitment occurs when there is a(n) ___ in the number of active motor units within a skeletal muscle Increase Decrease No change

increase

Which microscopic structure is found only in the cardiac muscle tissue? Myosin Tropomyosin Sarcomeres Intercalated discs Striations

intercalated discs

What function do all three muscles perform? Moving and storing material throughout the body Generating heat through contractions Stabilizing the movement of joints Promoting movement of body structures

moving and storing material throughout the body

Muscle damage can be indicated by... Myglobin found in blood Few mitochondria located in muscle fibers Low concentration of creatine kinase in the sarcoplasm Slow myosin ATPase High amount of glycogen in the sarcoplasm

myoglobin found in blood

Which type of muscle tissue is capable of undergoing the stress-relaxation response when stretched? Cardiac muscle fibers Fast glycolytic fibers Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers Multiunit smooth muscle fibers Single-unit smooth musce fibers

single-unit smooth muscle fibers

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder that targets the ACh receptors at the NMJ and ultimately reduces the number of available receptors. PRedict what happens if you treat the patient with a drug that inhibits the activity of acetylcholinesterase? The drug will prevent contraction The drug will cause a weak contraction The drug will increase contraction The drug will cause spasm

the drug will increase contraction

Which statement explains the sarcomere appearance change during a muscle contration? The light A band remain at a constant length The I bands lenghten The I bands will only consist of thin filament The h zone shortens as actin filaments slide towards the m-line

the light A band remain at a constant length

itochondrial activity in skeletal muscle cells are usually efficient, but cna have limited ATP production if There is pyruvic acid accumulation There is limited O2 availability CO2 is produced as a waste product

there is limited O2 availability

In skeletal muscles, the combined amounts of creatine phosphate and ATP provide enough energy for the muscle to contract maximally for approximately 15 seconds 15 minutes 1.5 minutes 5 seconds One minute

15 seconds

Which age group would be most susceptible to an increase in slow oxidative muscle fibers? Pre-teens (9-12 years old) Teenagers (13-19 years old) 20-29 years old 30+ years

30+ years

In the diagram, which structure(s) moves towards the center of the sarcomere (closer together) when the fiber contracts? A C J Both A and C

A

On the diagram, what structure is composed of the three connective tissue layers that extend past the muscle? A B E G H

A

Which of the following structures are made of dense regular connective tissue? F A I Both F and I

A

Which portion of this myogram shows a single twitch of the muscle? A B C D None of these choices

A

What energizes the myosin head? Acetylcholine Calcium ions Phosphate release ATP hydrolysis reaction ADP synthesis

ATP hydrolysis reaction

In the diagram, acetylcholine is released from ___ and diffuses to ___ A;B B;E C;A D;C E;B

B;E

Which region of a sarcomere contains thin filaments? I band A band H zone Both I band and A band

Both I band and A band

In the diagram, what structure contains motor proteins that convert the energy in ATP into mechanical movements? C A E D

C

At the neuromuscular junction, ___ must enter the synaptic end bulb to stimulate the release of ___, which binds to ligand gates so ___ can enter the muscle fiber. Calcium ions, ACh, sodium ions Sodium ions, calcium ions, ACh ACh, calcium ions, sodium ions Sodium ions, ACh, calcium ions Calcium ions, sodium ions, ACh

Calcium ions, ACh, sodium ions

The relaxation phase of a muscle contraction is often prolonged in a fatigued muscle, raising hte likelihood of fused summation of action potentials causing painful disturbances to a skeletal muscle. What disturbance is being described? Fasciculation Tremor Fibrillation Cramp

Cramp

In the diagram, which structure helps return a stretched sarcomere to its resting length? B C E Both B and C All of these choices are correct

E

In the diagram, what area contains both thick and thin filaments? I H Both B and C

H

Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker, reducing free intracellular calcium. What stage of the myogram would be affected immediately Latent period Contraction period Relaxation period All myogram stages are affected

Latent period

Which term describes a somatic motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates? Synapse Motor unit Neuromuscular junction Motor end plate

Motor unit

Which disorder occurs when little to no proteins are produced to support the sarcolemma? Musclar hypertrophy Muscular atrophy Fibromyalgia Myasthenia gravis Muscular dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy

Which functions as a motor protein in all three types of muscle tissue? Actin Myosin Troponin Titin Tropomyosin

Myosin

Writers cramp can occur in Anatomy and Physiology lecture class. What factor would msot likely contribute to the muscles not being able to relax? Oxygen being delivered by myoglobin and hemoglobin A deficit of ATP keeping myosin from detaching Calcium being pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum ACh being degraded by AChE

a deficit of ATP keeping myosin from detaching

After prolonged strenuous exercise has stopped, heavy breathing will often continue for several minutes in order to provide the oxygen needed to Convert the lactic acid produced during exercise back into glycogen Resynthesize creatine phosphate Replace oxygen displaced from muscle myoglobin All of these choices are correct

all of these choices are correct

Which correctly lists the sequence of structures that action potentials must move through to excite skeletal muscle contraction? Sarcolemma, axon of a neuron, T tubules T tubules, sarcolemma, myofilament Muscle fiber, axon of neuron, myofibrils Axon of neuron, sarcolemma, T tubules Myofibrils, myofilaments, mitochondria

axon of neuron, sarcolemma, T tubules

When an athlete performs a pull up (raising their chin to a bar while their body hangs), the process of pulling the body up so the chin can touch the bar is Concentric Eccentric Isometric

concentric

The zone of overlap increases during the Latent period Contraction period Relaxation period Absolute refractory period Relative refreactory period

contraction period

When an athlete is preparing to perform a pull up, they hang from the bar. At this point, they are performing what type of contractions? Concentric Eccentric Isometric

isometric

Cross bridges are formed during muscle contraction when ___ binds to ___. Myosin; troponin Actin; troponin Myosin; actin Actin;myosin Actin;tropomyosin

myosin; actin

In neuromuscular junction, the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) binding to receptors o nthe motor end plate lasts only briefly due to Rapid uptake of the ACh into the myofiber Endocytosis of the ACh receptor into the myofiber Rapid destruction of ACh in the synaptic cleft by acetylcholinesterse Rapid destruction of ACh in the synpatic cleft by monoamine oxidase Diffusion of the ACh out of hte synaptic cleft

rapid destruction of ACh in the synaptic cleft by acetylcholinesterase

Why will an individual who lifts weights build large muscles? Skeeltal muscle are hyperplasic and repsond to stress Skeletal muscle myofibrils and cells increase in number Skeletal muscles increase number of myofibrils but not number of cells Skeletal muscles signal satellite cells to increase number of cells

skeletal muscles increase number of myofibrils but not number of cells

What characteristics describe both skeletal and cardiac muscle? Striations Autorhythmicity Cell shape Autonomic control

striations

What is the result of acetylcholine attaching to the ligan gates of the motor end plate? The sarcolemma increases permeability to sodium The positive charge of the sarcolemma decreases Calcium ions will be actively transported into the SR Calcium voltage gates on the neurolemma are inactive

the sarcolemma increases permeability to sodium

A brief contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential moving down the somatic motor neuron is known as Unfused tetanus Fused tetanus Wave summation Refractory period Twitch contraction

twitch contraction