Chapter 11: Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular Muscles

In general, muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh tend to ______.

-flex the leg at the knee joint -adduct the thigh at the hip joint

Which are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

-rectus femoris -psoas major -sartorius -iliacus

Contraction of anterior muscles of the thigh results in ______.

-rotation of the thigh -flexion of the thigh

Muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh ______ the thigh.

adduct

When the triceps brachii extends the elbow, its action is considered to be that of which of the following?

agonist

Skeletal muscles are grouped according to their primary actions into which of the following three types?

agonists, anyagonists, and synergists

The muscles in the ______ compartment of the arm flexes the arm at the elbow.

anterior

During exhalation, muscles of respiration ______.

decrease the space of the thoracic cavity

The suprahyoid muscles ______ the hyoid bone.

elevate

True or false: The intrinsic muscles of the foot act primarily to evert and invert the foot.

false

Posterior compartment thigh muscles ______ the knee.

flex

The anterior muscles of the neck ______ the neck.

flex

In addition to the compartments, muscles in two other groups move the hip joint/thigh, the ______.

gluteal group and deep muscles of the gluteal region

During inspiration, muscles of respiration ______.

increase the space of the thoracic cavity

The thoracic muscles increase the space of the thoracic cavity during ______.

inspiration

The ______ muscles of the foot move the toes.

intrinsic

Which muscles move the glenohumeral joint and originate on the axial skeleton?

pectoralis major

The ______ is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae.

pelvic diaphragm

The "hamstrings" are muscles of the ______ compartment of the thigh.

posterior

The biceps femoris is on the ______ side of the thigh.

posterior

The pectoralis major is an example of a muscle that ______ the scapula.

protracts

When an appendicular muscle is contracting, the less moveable muscle attachment is usually the ______ attachment.

proximal

Usually during axial muscle contraction, the more moveable muscle attachment, the ______ attachment is pulled toward the less moveable muscle attachment.

superior

Identify the extrinsic eye muscles specified in the image of the right eye, lateral view. Item A—Superior _______. Item B—Inferior ______

superior rectus; inferior oblique

In addition to its role in the compartmentalization of the thigh, the fasciae latae ______.

supports and binds the thigh muscles

The muscles of the anterior neck that are superior to the hyoid bone are called ______.

suprahyoid muscles

Which muscle adducts the eye?

medial rectus

Muscles of the _______ compartment of the thigh adduct the thigh.

medial`

What are some terms used in naming muscles according to orientation of fascicles?

oblique and rectus

Which of the following is considered a circular muscle? a. orbicularis oris b. deltoid c. rectus abdominis d. biceps brachii

orbicularis oris

Which of the following is/are functions of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

-abduct and adduct the toes -support the arches -flex and extend the toes

Which of the following are muscles that move the glenohumeral joint that originate on the scapula?

-biceps brachii -teres major -coracobrachialis -triceps brachii -deltoid

Which are the muscles of the posterior thigh, commonly referred to collectively as the "hamstrings?"

-biceps femoris -semitendinosus -semimembranosus

Which muscles flex the forearm?

-brachioradialis -biceps brachii -brachialis

Contraction of the medial muscles of the thigh results in ______.

-extension of the thigh -adduction of the thigh -lateral rotation of the thigh -flexion of the thigh

Extrinsic muscles of the wrist and hand ______.

-flex or extend the hand and fingers -originate in the forearm

In general, muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh tend to ______.

-flex the leg at the knee joint -extend the thigh at the hip joint

The functions of the erector spinae muscles include ______.

1. maintenance of posture 2. extension of vertebral column 3. lateral flexion of vertebral column

Why is the forearm larger near the elbow than it is near the wrist?

The bellies of the forearm muscles that move the wrist are located near the elbow; the tendons of these muscles extend toward the wrist.

The term mastication refers to the process of ______.

chewing

The orbicularis oris muscle is an example of a ______ muscle.

circular

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh flex the thigh and ______ the knee.

extend

When any one or all of the posterior muscles of the hamstring group are contracted, the thigh is ______.

extended

Most muscles in the forearm are called ______ muscles of the hand and wrist because these muscles arise from the forearm, not the wrist or hand.

extrinsic

Unilateral contraction of the erector spinae muscles causes ______.

lateral flexion of the vertebral column

In addition to extending the thigh, the biceps femoris rotates the thigh _______, whereas the semimembranosus and semitendinosus rotate the thigh _______.

laterally; medially

The hypothenar group forms a small fleshy mass at the base of the ______.

little finger

Which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth, as in chewing, when it contracts?

the buccinator muscle

Put in simple terms, the intrinsic muscles of the hand are classified anatomically as the group at the base of the thumb (the ______ group), those found at the base of the little finger (the ______ group), and everything in between (the ______ group).

thenar; hypothenar; midpalmar

The muscles that retract the scapula are the ______.

trapezius and rhomboids (minor and major)

What are some terms used in naming muscles according to shape?

trapezius, deltoid, and rhomboid