Chapter 11

Skin cleansing Sanitization of food preparation equipment Sanitization of the home Desinfection of facilities

Soap and quats are commonly used for:

Phenol coefficient

The ----/----quantitatively compares the effectiveness of a chemical disinfectant to that of phenol

Halogens

The ---are a group of nonmetallic elements with antimicrobial applications including bromine, iodine, chlorine and fluorine

Protein

The four general cellular targets of anti microbial agents are the cell membrane nucleic acid synthesis and---- function.

Prions

Are more resistant than endospores to, radiation, incineration, disinfectant, detergents, resistant to heat and chemicals

True

As pyrimidines dimer is the union of 2 adjacent pyrimidines on the same DNA strand, brought about by exposure to ultraviolet light

Sterile

An object is --- if it is free of all viable microorganism including viruses

True

An object is either sterile or not sterile

Germicides

--- are chemical agents that kill non-endospore forming pathogens

Aldehydes

--- are organic substances that contain a -CHO functional group on a teeminal carbon

Microbial death

--- involves the permanent termination of a particular organism's vital processes and special qualifications are often needed to define and delineated this phenomenon in microbes

Incineration

--- is the destruction of microbes by subjecting them to extremes of dry heat, reducing them to ashes and gas

Disinfection

--- is the use of physical process or a chemical to destroy vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores, usually on inanimate surfaces

Asepsis

--is a term referring to a condition free of pathogenic microorganism or a procedure or process designed to prevent entry of infectious agents

Formalin

--is an aqueous solution of formaldehyde gas that is used as a potent chemical

Iodophor

A ----- is a combination of iodine and an organic carrier ( such as alcohol) that serves as moderate- level disinfectant and antiseptic

Flaming the inoculated loop

A common dry heat sterilization method used in the microbiology laboratory is

Inactivates

A virucide --- viruses

Uniform populations of like microbes

All of the following describe the typical microbial population targeted by anti microbial drugs EXCEPT

True

An autoclave is a sterilization chamber that allows the use of steam under pressure to sterilize material

Semicritical

An endoscopy tube is an example of a --- device in terms of microbial control

Autoclave

An-- is a sterilization chamber that allows the use of steam under pressure to sterilize materials

Wound and surgical incisions Skin and mucous membrane

Antiseptic are used to destroy vegetative bacteria on.

Chemical

Antiseptics are ----agents applied to the skin to inhibit vegetative bacterial cells

Microbistatic

Any process or agent that inhibits microbial growth is referred to as

True

Biological matter such as serum, blood or urine lowers the effectiveness of a germicide

Desinfectaron/sanitization

Boiling water can be effective means of-----in the clinic and home

I differential

Dyes are for staining technique, and as selective and--- agents in media

Sepsis

Growth of microorganism in the blood or other tissues

True

Halogens are microbicidal and can be sporicidal with longer exposure times

True

If the cell membrane is damaged by an agent, the cell loses its membrane permeability and cannot prevent loss or entrance of substances

Higher

In most cases, an agent with a ---concentration will be more germicidal

Grays

In what unit is radiation measured

True

Iodine compounds can be sporicidal if used properly

Pasteurization

Is a technique in which heat is applied to liquids to kill potential agents of infection and spoilage destroy vegetative cells like E coli

True

Moist heat requires shorter exposure times and lower temperatures than dry heat

DNA and RNA Are involve in the process of translation to synthesize proteins Must be replicated prior to binary fission

Nucleic acids play which roles in microbial function

True

Radiation is electromagnetic waves or rays, such as those of light given off from an energy source

Microbicidal/ microbistatic

Regarding the use the term microbistatic, higher temperatures are usually -----whereas lower temperatures are usually ----

False, sterilization is generally reserved for inanimate objects and would be harsh on body tissues

Sterilization methods are often used to prepare the human body for surgical procedures

Membrane

The cell--- is responsible for preventing the loss of important molecules and stopping the entry of damaging substances

Denaturation

The disruption of proteins from their native state is know as ---

True

The lowest temperature that achieves sterilization in a given quantity of broth culture upon a 10- minute exposure is referred to as the thermal death point

Slow the activity of microbes

The main effect of cold treatment is to

Envelopes viruses Bacterial vegetative cells

The microbial agents that are least resistant to physical and chemical control methods include

True

The primary targets of microbial controlare microorganismos that cause infection or spoilage

Cide

The root-----is used to indicate the killing of microorganism

True

The straining of a fluid or air trough a membrane to trap microorganism is known as filtration

Stasis

The suffix --- is used to indicate the inhibition of growth of microorganism

Ribosomes

The synthesis of proteins involves organelles known as ----in a process called translation

Idophoros

The two primary iodine preparations are free iodine and

Time

To adequately sterilized using heat, temperature and length of-----must be considered

Pyrimidines

Thymine, uracil and cytosine are called ----which are type of nitrogenous bases found in either DNA or RNA

False T, U and C are pyrimidines

Thymine, uracil and cytosine are called purines which are type of nitrogenous bases found in either DNA or RNA

Pyrimidine dimers

UV radiation causes the formation of abnormal linkages in DNA knows as---/----

Air Solid surfaces

Uv radiation is effective at disinfecting which types of materials

Solid

Uv radiation is unable to penetrate---materials and is most effective at desinfecting the surfaces of these materials

True

Uv radiation is used for desinfection

Presence of water, length of exposure and temperature

What factors must be considered in order to adequately ste

Sporicide

What type agent specifically destroys bacterial endospores

Autoclaving, boiling water, pasteurization and tyndalization

Which are examples of using moist heat to sterilize or disinfect materials

Utensils/drinking water/bedding and clothing

Which items can be sanitized by boiling water prior to safe, acceptable use in humans

Secondary/tertiary

Which leves of protein structure are disrupted in denaturation

Surgical hand scrubs Wound cleansing

Which of the fallowing are examples of degermation

Phenolic Metals Oxidizers Aldehydes Halogens Alcohols

Which of the following are examples of chemical agents used to control microbes

Retention of liquid qualities Reduction of microbial load Destruction of pathogens

Which of the following are goals of pasteurization

Thermophilic microbes /endospores

Which of the following are not usually destroyed or inactivated with regular pasteurization methods

Cathode rays, x-rays and gamma rays

Which of the following are types of ionizing radiation

Ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and chlorine dioxide

Which of the following compounds are commonly used as gaseous sterilization or disinfectants

Viruses Endospores

Which of the following microbial forms are relatively resistant to heat

Lipids and proteins

Which two types of macromolecules make up the majority of the cell membrane in organisms