Chapter 11 Part 3 The Brain and Cranial Nerves

A person with a damaged visual association area may be able to see letters but unable to do what?

able to see letters but unable to associate them into words

The basal nuclei alter the motor commands issued by the cerebral cortex through feedback T/F

True

________ are chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid.

Ventricles

_______ is the term used to describe the crossing over of a tract to the side of the nervous system opposite to where the axons originated.

Decussation

What structure lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem?

Diencephalon

The hemisphere of the brain that performs analytical tasks is called the ________ hemisphere

Dominant

Specialized ________ cells form the secretory component of the choroid plexus

Ependymal

The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the

cerebellar cortex

Gustatory information reaches the brain by way of

cranial nerve IV

Each lateral ventricle communicates with the third ventricle through a(n)

interventricular foramen

The cerebellum and pons develop from the

mentencephalon

The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the

mesencephalic aqueduct

The tract that links the cerebellum with the pons is the

middle cerebellar peduncle

After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the

occipital lobe

Damage to the ________ (cranial) nerve would result in near paralysis of the eye.

oculomotor

Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve.

oculomotor

You suspect your friend has damage to which cranial nerve when he is unable to smell his food?

olfactory

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the

olfactory bulb

Damage to the somatic motor association area of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to do what type activity?

play the piano

The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the

pons

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves.

12

The choroid plexus produces CSF at a rate of about

500 mL/day

The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue.

97%

The pons contains A)sensory and motor nuclei for four cranial nerves. B)nuclei concerned with the control of respiration. C)tracts that link the cerebellum with the brain stem. D)both B and C E)A, B, and C

A B and C

The posterior nuclei of the thalamus include the A)pulvinar. B)lateral geniculate. C)medial geniculate. D)A, B and C E)B and C only

A B and C

The ventral nuclei of the thalamus A)receive input from basal ganglia. B)receive input from cerebellum. C)receive general sensory input. D)A, B and C. E)B and C only

A B and C

The nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus A)are located in the medulla oblongata. B)relay somatic sensory information to the thalamus. C)pass motor information to the cerebellum. D)both A and B E)A, B, and C

A and B

Cranial Nerve VIII

Hypoglossal

The anterior nuclei of the thalamus are a part of what system?

Limbic system

Cardiovascular centers located in the ________ adjust the heart rate, the strength of cardiac contractions, and the flow of blood through the peripheral tissues

Medulla Oblongata

The visual cortex is located in the

Occipital lobe

Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of

Parkinson disease

Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to

Prefrontal cortex

Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem?

Reduced ability to regulate body temp

________ is a temporary cerebral disorder accompanied by abnormal movements, unusual sensations, and/or inappropriate behavior.

Seizure

Which of the cranial nerves is named for the fact that it "wanders," that is, innervates structures throughout the thorax and abdomen?

X

If the corpus callosum is surgically cut, A) the two cerebral hemispheres operate independently. B) symptoms of the "disconnection syndrome" appear. C) objects touched by the left hand can be recognized but not verbally identified. D) conscious decisions are made without regard to sensations from the left side. E) all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is a property of the mamillary bodies? A)control reflex eating movements B)process olfactory information C)located in posterior hypothalamus D)shaped like little breasts E)all of the above

all of the above

Integrative centers concerned with the performance of complex processes are restricted to either the left or the right hemisphere. These complex processes include A) speech. B) writing. C) mathematical computation. D) understanding spatial relationships. E) all of the above

all the above

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus? A)produces ADH B)controls autonomic centers C)regulates body temperature D)secretes oxytocin E)all of the above

all the above

White matter fibers that pass from one gyrus to the adjacent gyrus are called:

arcuate fibers

Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas.

association

The medulla oblongata regulates A) blood pressure. B) food intake. C) respiration. D) both A and B E) both A and C

blood pressure and respiration

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the ___________ fissure.

longitudinal

Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the

cerebellum

A neural cortex is found on the surface of what structures?

cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum

Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the

cerebral peduncles

The highest levels of information processing occur in the

cerebrum

The corpus callosum is composed of

commissural fibers

The medial nuclei of the thalamus

connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe

The mamillary bodies of the hypothalamus

control feeding reflexes

As CSF circulates, ________ between it and the interstitial fluid of the CNS is unrestricted between and across the ependyma.

diffusion

Parkinson Disease is the result of inadequate production of_____by substantia nigra neurons.

dopamine

The dural sinuses are located in the

dural folds

A(n) ________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time.

electroencephalogram

The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the

falx cerebri

Which of these dural folds is mismatched with its location? A) falx cerebri; transverse fissure B) tentorium cerebelli; covering cerebellum C) falx cerebelli; between cerebellar hemispheres

falx cerebri; transverse fissure

Two large venous sinuses, the sagittal sinuses, lie within a dural fold called the ________.

flax cerebri

The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the

fourth

The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories.

hippocampus

Which of the following is not one of the basal nuclei? A)caudate nucleus B)globus pallidus C)putamen D)hippocampus E)amygdaloid body

hippocampus

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?

hypoglossal

Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. Imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located?

hypothalamus

What structure within the brain provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems?

hypothalamus

Stimulation of the reticular formation results in

increased consciousness

The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the

inferior colliculi

The ________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.

infundibulum

The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the

insula

Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains.

larger

Cerebrospinal fluid enters the subarachnoid space through the

lateral and median apertures

The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the

lateral geniculate

The ________ connect the frontal lobe to the other lobes of the same hemisphere.

longitudinal fasciculi

As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, DO the functions of each successive level become more or less complex, and more or less crucial to visceral functions?

more complex

he region of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is the

parietal and frontal lobe

The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the

parietal lobe

The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex.

primary sensory

The internal capsule of the cerebrum is composed of ____________ fibers.

projection

Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain? A) cerebrum B) diencephalon C) prosencephalon D) mesencephalon E) pons

prosencephalon

What is the purpose of : A) the blood-brain barrier B) the bones of the skull C) the cranial meninges D) the CSF

protection of the brain

The basal nuclei

provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking

Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid? A)provides cushioning for delicate neural tissues B)provides buoyant support for the brain C)acts as a transport medium for nutrients D)provides ATP for impulse transmission E)acts as a transport medium for waste products

provides ATP for impulse transmission

The ________ integrate(s) sensory information for projection to the cerebral cortex.

pulvinar

Damage to the superior colliculi would interfere with the reflex ability to

react to bright light

The regions of the mesencephalon that issue subconscious motor commands that affect upper limb position and background muscle tone are the

red nuclei

The mesencephalon contains the headquarters of the ________, a specialized component of the reticular formation that controls alertness and attention.

reticular activating system

The thin partition that separates the first and second ventricles is the

septum pellucidum

What contains a spiderweblike network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows?

subarachnoid mater

Examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells. This tissue probably came from the

substantia nigra

The tectum of the mesencephalon contains the

superior and inferior colliculi

The ________ receive visual input from the lateral geniculates.

superior colliculi

Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the

superior sagittal sinus

The cerebellum adjusts motor activity in response to what type stimuli?

touch sensation

Cranial Nerve V

trigeminal

Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb?

trigeminal

The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the

trigeminal

Absorption at the arachnoid granulations returns CSF to the

venous circulation

Jane suffers from chronic seizures and in order to control the problem undergoes surgery in which the fibers of the corpus callosum are cut. As a result of this surgery she would likely be unable to

verbally identify

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the

vermis

The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching array called the ________.

Arbor Vitae

Higher-order functions A)can be adjusted over time based on experience. B)involve complex interactions among areas of the cortex. C)combine both conscious and unconscious information processing. D)all of the above E)B and C only

B and C only

Functions of _______ 1. provides cushioning for delicate neural tissues 2. provides buoyant support for the brain 3. acts as a transport medium for nutrients 4. acts as a transport medium for waste products

Cerebrospinal fluid

Within each hemisphere, deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle, you will find the

Basal Nuclei

The folds of the surface of the cerebellum are called ________.

Folia

A tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus is the

Fornix

Bob is struck on the left side of the head and is knocked unconscious. When he recovers consciousness, he can hear individual words but cannot understand the meaning of phrases or sentences. This implies damage to his

General Interpretive area

The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the

Hypothalamus

The cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are

III, IV, and VI

The reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the mesencephalon. Which nuclei accomplish this?

Inferior colliculi

The general interpretive area

allows us to interpret what is read or heard

The ________ is located at the tip of the tail of the caudate nucleus.

amygdaloid body

The white matter of the cerebellum forms the

arbor vitae

The cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS endothelial cells are the

astrocytes

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by ____ cells

ependymal cells

Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system? A)contains cerebral and diencephalic components B)functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather C)located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon D)links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem E)functions in emotions, learning, and memory

functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather

Which of the following is not a component of the limbic system? A)amygdaloid body B)cingulate gyrus C)globus pallidus D)hippocampus E)fornix

globus pallidus

Excitation of neurons in the basal nuclei would lead to

increased muscle tone

________ centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech.

intergrative

The superior border of the temporal lobe is marked by the

lateral sulcus

In most cases, the general interpretive center and the speech center are located in the ________ cerebral hemisphere.

left

After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe.

left frontal

The putamen and globus pallidus are frequently considered to be subdivisions of the

lentiform nucleus

Terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged?

limbic system

Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are

lobes

Sensory innervation of the lower teeth and gums is by the ________ nerve.

mandibular branch of trigeminal

The ________ relay auditory information to the auditory cortex.

medial geniculate

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the

medulla oblongata

The cardiovascular reflexes are based in the

medulla oblongata

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the

medulla oblongata

The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in

medulla oblongata

The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the

pia mater

What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain?

pia mater

The primary motor cortex is the surface of the

precentral gyrus

The sense of taste projects to the gustatory cortex located in the ________ and ________.

precentral gyrus and prefrontal cortex

The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the

prefrontal cerebral cortex

During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum?

telencephalon

The auditory cortex is located in the

temporal lobe

The ________ filters and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex.

thalamus

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

thalmus

Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)?

vagus and glossopharyngeal

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with

visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck

Damage to the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex would directly affect

voluntary motor activity

Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve?

weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle