Chapter 11 Practice Quiz

Which of the following is true of abdominal obesity? A. Normal-weight individuals can have abdominal obesity. B. A waist circumference above 35 inches indicates abdominal obesity in a man. C. Skinfold thickness overestimates body fat in those with abdominal obesity. D. More women have abdominal obesity than men.

A. Normal-weight individuals can have abdominal obesity.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of those who have successfully maintained long-term weight loss? A. They skip one meal per day. B. They exercise about 1 hour or more per day. C. They weigh themselves at least once per week. D. They watch less than 10 hours of television per week.

A. They skip one meal per day.

All of the following are health consequences associated with obesity EXCEPT: A. heart disease. B. type 2 diabetes. C. osteoporosis. D. Alzheimer's disease.

C. osteoporosis.

All of the following factors are believed to play a part in the increased rates of obesity in the United States EXCEPT: A. the food environment. B. fewer home-cooked meals. C. significant shifts in genetic risk. D. sleep deprivation. E. fewer sidewalks and parks.

C. significant shifts in genetic risk.

Which of the following activities results in the greatest NEAT energy expenditure? A. standing while fidgeting B. standing still C. sitting while playing a musical instrument D. chewing gum while sitting

C. sitting while playing a musical instrument

Which of the following is true of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)? A. Most Americans expend less energy performing daily exercise than with NEAT. B. For some people, overfeeding decreases NEAT, which in turn protects against weight gain. C. It does not include activities such as walking to the bus, washing dishes, and pacing. D. NEAT is part of the "physical activity" component of total energy expenditure.

D. NEAT is part of the "physical activity" component of total energy expenditure.

Body mass index (BMI) might not be an accurate indication of body fat and health risks for: A. a news anchor. B. an office worker. C. a 37-year-old working mother. D. a professional football player. E. a 50-year-old truck driver.

D. a professional football player.

How much weight would someone who is 200 pounds need to lose and maintain the weight loss to reduce the risk of chronic disease and premature death? A. 10 to 20 pounds B. 20 to 30 pounds C. more than 30 pounds D. 15 to 20 pounds E. 5 pounds

A. 10 to 20 pounds

High blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease are disease risks that increase for people with a BMI greater than: A. 30. B. 28. C. 20. D. 18. E. 25.

A. 30.

Studies indicate that those who have successfully maintained long-term weight loss: A. All of these are correct. B. weigh themselves weekly. C. eat breakfast. D. watch fewer than 10 hours of TV per week. E. exercise at least one hour per day.

A. All of these are correct.

According to the latest studies, what is the rate of obesity among U.S. adults? A. Approximately 40% B. Approximately 10% C. Approximately 15% D. Approximately 25% E. Approximately 50%

A. Approximately 40%

If someone who is trying to lose weight reduces their calorie intake by 800 kcal per day and maintains the same calorie intake for the duration of their weight loss, the rate of weight loss will continually slow. What is the best explanation for this continued slowing in the rate of weight loss? A. As body weight decreases, the calorie deficit decreases. B. The longer they are on the diet, the less body water they lose. C. They are less physically active. D. To conserve energy, the body continually adjusts metabolic rate downward.

A. As body weight decreases, the calorie deficit decreases.

Which of the following is FALSE about surgical treatments for obesity? A. Gastric bypass surgery results in gut hormone changes that increase satiety, while sleeve gastrectomy does not affect gut hormone levels. B. Gastric bypass reduces food intake due to the smaller volume of the stomach pouch postsurgery. C. Much of the duodenum is bypassed after gastric bypass surgery. D. Sleeve gastrectomy promotes a reduction in food intake because the size of the stomach is decreased. E. Gastric bypass decreases nutrient absorption because a portion of the small intestine is bypassed.

A. Gastric bypass surgery results in gut hormone changes that increase satiety, while sleeve gastrectomy does not affect gut hormone levels.

Which of the following is true regarding the mechanisms by which energy balance is regulated? A. Lower levels of ghrelin will increase satiety. B. Leptin plays a significant role in the process of short-term satiation. C. Gastric distention is not a significant factor regulating satiation. D. As fat stores increase, adipose tissue produces less leptin.

A. Lower levels of ghrelin will increase satiety.

Body mass index (BMI) is determined using _____ or _____. A. a BMI table; an equation B. skinfold calipers; an equation C. a BMI table; indirect calorimetry D. indirect calorimetry; an equation

A. a BMI table; an equation

What is leptin? A. a hormone produced by fat (adipose) tissue that suppresses hunger B. a hormone produced by fat (adipose) tissue that encourages hunger C. a hormone that encourages hunger D. a hormone produced by fat (adipose) tissue E. a hormone that suppresses hunger

A. a hormone produced by fat (adipose) tissue that suppresses hunger

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the "toxic food environment"? A. abundance of food additives and genetically modified foods B. increasing portion sizes of packaged foods C. high density of fast-food restaurants D. television advertisements for energy-dense foods

A. abundance of food additives and genetically modified foods

Obesity is associated with increased hormone production, resulting in low-grade inflammation. This inflammation increases risk for all of the following EXCEPT: A. appendicitis. B. fatty liver. C. cancer. D. atherosclerosis. E. heart disease.

A. appendicitis.

Which of the following is a health consequence of being underweight? A. disrupted hormonal regulation B. improved bone strength C. All of these are correct. D. increased risk of diabetes E. improved immunity

A. disrupted hormonal regulation

Of the components that make up one's total energy expenditure, which is controlled by the person? A. exercise and nonexercise activity thermogenesis B. nonexercise activity thermogenesis C. exercise D. basal metabolism E. thermic effect of food

A. exercise and nonexercise activity thermogenesis

Which hormone increases hunger? A. ghrelin B. estrogen C. leptin D. insulin E. testosterone

A. ghrelin

Body mass index (BMI) is used as a(n): A. indirect measure of body fat. B. diagnostic tool for diseases including hypertension and diabetes. C. measure of central obesity. D. way to determine how much weight to gain or lose.

A. indirect measure of body fat.

All of the following describe abdominal obesity EXCEPT that it is: A. measured at the top of the rib cage. B. associated with an apple-shaped body. C. present in women whose waist circumference exceeds 35 inches. D. the healthiest type of obesity. E. present in men whose waist circumference exceeds 40 inches.

A. measured at the top of the rib cage.

Which emotion is NOT likely to contribute to emotional eating? A. peacefulness B. loneliness C. sadness D. stress E. boredom

A. peacefulness

Employers could increase nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) among their employees in all of the following ways EXCEPT: A. purchasing gym memberships for all employees. B. moving printers and copiers away from individual offices. C. encouraging the use of stairs to travel between floors. D. communicating messages with team members by walking to their work space rather than via telephone or e-mail. E. scheduling meetings that can take place while walking.

A. purchasing gym memberships for all employees.

In which group is BMI an appropriate method to assess body fat? A. sedentary adults B. elderly C. pregnant women D. athletes

A. sedentary adults

Which tool is used to estimate body fat via skinfold thickness? A. skinfold calipers B. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry C. air displacement D. underwater weighing E. bioelectrical impedance

A. skinfold calipers

Waist circumference is considered an indicator of: A. visceral fat. B. cellulite. C. muscle strength. D. lean tissue. E. subcutaneous fat.

A. visceral fat.

Men who have been successful in achieving weight loss typically adhere to diets of _____ kcals per day. A. 3000 to 3200 B. 1500 to 1800 C. 2500 to 2800 D. fewer than 800 E. 2000 to 2200

B. 1500 to 1800

Ross is 1.7 meters tall and weighs 75 kg. What is his body mass index (BMI)? A. 44 B. 26 C. 22 D. 57

B. 26

If a person is overweight (BMI of 25 to 29.9) and has two additional risk factors, weight loss is recommended. Which of the following are possible risk factors that elevate the need for weight loss? A. sedentary lifestyle B. All of these are correct. C. diagnosed diabetes D. family history of heart disease E. current cardiovascular disease

B. All of these are correct.

The primary factor determining basal metabolic rate is: A. activity levels. B. fat-free mass. C. sex. D. age.

B. fat-free mass.

All of the following factors increase basal metabolic rate EXCEPT: A. pregnancy. B. low-calorie diets. C. elevated levels of thyroid hormone. D. fever.

B. low-calorie diets.

Which is NOT a method for determining a person's body composition? A. underwater weighing B. scale C. air displacement D. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry E. bioelectrical impedance

B. scale

Appetite is affected by all of the following EXCEPT: A. advertisements. B. the biological need for food. C. the time of day. D. the sight of food. E. the smell of food.

B. the biological need for food.

Basic metabolic rate (BMR) decreases by about _____ per decade after young adulthood. A. 5% to 8% B. 8% to 10% C. 1% to 2% D. 3% to 5% E. 2% to 4%

C. 1% to 2%

Using only your knowledge about basal metabolic rate, estimate total daily energy expenditure for an average, sedentary, 143-pound American woman. A. 3000 kcal B. 2700 kcal C. 1500 kcal D. 2500 kcal

C. 2500 kcal (the answer is NOT 1500 kcal)

Which individual has a body mass index (BMI) in the healthy range? A. Patricia, whose BMI is 25.5 B. Jairo, whose BMI is 31 C. Myles, whose BMI is 23.7 D. Lilian, whose BMI is 17.9

C. Myles, whose BMI is 23.7

Which of the following is TRUE about brown/beige adipose tissue? A. The amount of brown/beige adipose tissue present at infancy does not change over the course one's life. B. Heat produced by brown/beige adipose tissue contributes significantly to energy balance in most adults. C. The amount of brown/beige fat cells in adults has been found to correlate with body leanness. D. Most brown/beige adipose tissue in adults is concentrated between the shoulder blades. E. Browning of white adipose tissue can be induced by heat exposure.

C. The amount of brown/beige fat cells in adults has been found to correlate with body leanness.

Which of the following is NOT a major reason why obesity increases the risk of chronic disease and premature death? A. Enlarged fat cells produce excess hormones that circulate in blood. B. Adipose tissue of obese individuals is invaded by large numbers of immune cells. C. The excess fat mass puts a strain on the body and critical organs. D. Excess adipose causes chronic, low-grade inflammation through the body.

C. The excess fat mass puts a strain on the body and critical organs.

What technique of assessing body composition will significantly overestimate body fat content if the subject is dehydrated? A. underwater weighing B. skinfold thickness C. bioelectrical impedance D. air displacement

C. bioelectrical impedance

What type of cancer in women is most likely to be associated with obesity? A. leukemia B. brain C. breast D. lung E. bone

C. breast

What might be a barrier to having body composition assessed via air displacement? A. asthma B. fear of being submerged in water C. claustrophobia D. excess abdominal fat E. severe thinness

C. claustrophobia

Food manufacturers contribute to a "toxic food environment" thought to contribute to obesity in the United States by: A. making packaged foods. B. creating colorful foods. C. devising foods that trigger our bliss point and are irresistible. D. creating foods that are easy to store. E. making foods that are quick to prepare.

C. devising foods that trigger our bliss point and are irresistible.

Positive energy balance happens when either _____ or _____. A. energy intake decreases; energy expenditure increases B. energy intake remains equal; energy expenditure decreases C. energy intake increases; energy expenditure decreases D. energy intake increases; energy expenditure increases

C. energy intake increases; energy expenditure decreases

All of the following are components of basal metabolic rate (measured in a fasted state) EXCEPT: A. active transport of nutrients. B. hormone synthesis. C. glycogen synthesis. D. maintaining body temperature.

C. glycogen synthesis.

In what area does a pear-shaped person accumulate body fat? A. neck B. upper arms C. hips and thighs D. knees and ankles E. stomach

C. hips and thighs

Weight loss ____ occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. A. seldom B. sometimes C. never D. usually

C. never

Which of the following individuals is overweight but not obese according to BMI classification? A. 5'4", 143 pounds B. 6'1", 231 pounds C. 5'6", 187 pounds D. 5'10", 206 pounds

D. 5'10", 206 pounds

When conducting scientific research with large populations of people, what is the most accessible and affordable method to estimate body fat? A. skinfold thickness B. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry C. underwater weighing D. BMI E. air displacement

D. BMI

Which of the following is NOT a suggested strategy for successful weight loss? A. set realistic goals B. reduce time spent sitting C. monitor intake with a food log or diet tracking app D. avoid eating in social settings E. strive to lose 1 to 2 pounds a week

D. avoid eating in social settings

Which list includes all of the components of a person's total energy expenditure? A. physical activity, nonexercise activity thermogenesis B. basal metabolism, exercise, nonexercise activity thermogenesis C. basal metabolism, thermic effect of food, exercise D. basal metabolism, thermic effect of food, activity energy expenditure

D. basal metabolism, thermic effect of food, activity energy expenditure

Which of the following is NOT a factor that has contributed to the rise in obesity in the last four decades? A. increased portion sizes B. fewer home-cooked meals C. changes in the built environment D. genetics

D. genetics

Obesity is related to all of the following health problems or diseases EXCEPT: A. diabetes. B. Alzheimer's disease. C. hypertension. D. influenza. E. heart disease.

D. influenza.

Trina's BMI is 32. This is considered: A. morbidly obese. B. healthy weight. C. overweight. D. obese. E. underweight.

D. obese.

Weight loss is recommended for anyone with a BMI: A. below 18. B. between 18 and 25. C. between 24 and 29. D. of 30 or higher. E. between 22 and 27.

D. of 30 or higher.

Positive energy balance is: A. a sign of weight loss. B. the state in which energy expenditure exceeds energy intake. C. the state in which energy intake and energy expenditure are the same. D. the state in which energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. E. a desired state for good health.

D. the state in which energy intake exceeds energy expenditure.

Which method cannot determine body composition? A. bioelectrical impedance B. underwater weighing C. air displacement D. weight scale

D. weight scale

Which racial/ethnic group tends to have higher basal metabolic rates? A. African Americans B. Race/ethnicity is not associated with differences in basal metabolic rate. C. Latinos D. Asian Americans E. Whites

E. Whites

In the short term, the most expensive method of weight loss for someone who is obese is likely to be: A. purchasing meal plans through Jenny Craig or Nutrisystem. B. signing an annual contract at a gym. C. attending Overeaters Anonymous meetings. D. joining Weight Watchers. E. gastric bypass surgery.

E. gastric bypass surgery.

Beyond changes in physical activity, there are other options available to help obese individuals lose weight. Which of the following is a surgical procedure for weight loss? A. meal-replacement plan B. prescription medications C. gastric bypass surgery D. sleeve gastrectomy E. sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass surgery

E. sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass surgery

Which of the following activities is NOT an example of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) energy expenditure? A. chewing gum B. playing the piano C. washing dishes at the sink D. fidgeting at a desk E. swimming laps

E. swimming laps

Satiation affects eating because: A. it increases desire to exercise. B. your stomach contracts. C. it increases hunger. D. your interest in food increases dramatically. E. you sense fullness while eating and terminate the meal.

E. you sense fullness while eating and terminate the meal.