Chapter 11 Quiz

Which of the following is the best definition for "interkinesis?" a) union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms b) (also, interphase II) brief period of rest between meiosis I and meiosis II c) first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as reduction division because the ploidy level is reduced from diploid to haploid d) second round of meiotic cell division in which sister chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes, resulting in four unique haploid cells

(also, interphase II) brief period of rest between meiosis I and meiosis II

The pea plants used in Mendel's genetic inheritance studies were diploid, with 14 chromosomes in somatic cells. Assuming no crossing over events occur, how many unique gametes could one pea plant produce? a) 28 b) 128 c) 196 d) 16384

128

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct? 1. Meiosis is a process during which duplicated chromosomes are distributed into two nuclei and cytoplasmic contents are equally divided. 2. Meiosis II is a process during which sister chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes, and the result is four unique haploid cells. 3. Meiosis I is referred to as reduction division because the ploidy level is reduced from diploid to haploid. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) all of the above e) none of the above

2

How are chromosomes oriented during metaphase I of meiosis? a) Homologous chromosomes are paired up and linked together without lining up. b) Sister chromatids line up. c) Chromosomes line up in homologous pairs. d) Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense.

Chromosomes line up in homologous pairs.

How are meiosis II and mitosis different? a) Meiosis II generates diploid cells; mitosis makes haploid cells. b) Meiosis II makes two nuclei per cell; mitosis makes one per cell. c) Sister chromatids separate in meiosis II; homologous chromosomes separate in mitosis. d) Complete meiosis II division produces four cells; mitosis produces two.

Complete meiosis II division produces four cells; mitosis produces two.

In mitosis the daughter cells are identical to the parent cell. How do the cells produced during meiosis differ from those produced from mitosis? a) Daughter cells produced by meiosis are also genetically identical to the parent cell. b) Daughter cells produced by meiosis have double the amount of genetic material to the parent cell. c) Daughter cells produced by meiosis are genetically variable to the parent cell. d) Daughter cells produced by meiosis contain a variable amount of genetic material to that of the parent cell.

Daughter cells produced by meiosis are genetically variable to the parent cell.

What is the difference between anaphase I and II in meiosis? a) Homologous chromosomes are separated in anaphase I and sister chromatids are separated in anaphase II. b) Homologous chromatids are separated in anaphase I and sister chromosomes are separated in anaphase II. c) Sister chromosomes are separated in anaphase I and homologous chromatids are separated in anaphase II. d) Sister chromatids are separated in anaphase I and homologous chromosomes are separated in anaphase II.

Homologous chromosomes are separated in anaphase I and sister chromatids are separated in anaphase II.

What is another name for homologous recombination? a) Homologous recombination is also known as random fertilization. b) Homologous recombination is also known as independent assortment of chromosomes. c) Homologous recombination is also known as crossing-over. d) Homologous recombination is also known as cytokinesis.

Homologous recombination is also known as crossing-over.

What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction over asexual forms of reproduction? a) Only half of the population is capable of carrying offspring. b) Identical offspring are not produced. c) Adaptation to rapidly changing environments is more difficult. d) Mutation rates are slower.

Only half of the population is capable of carrying offspring.

A hypothetical organism is found that contains sex cells that don't undergo meiosis. Instead, sex cells are produced by mitosis. These gametes then fuse during sexual reproduction. What would be the outcome of this process? a) Ploidy in offspring would be half of the parental ploidy in each generation. b) Ploidy in offspring would be double the parental ploidy in each generation. c) Ploidy in offspring would be the same as the parental ploidy. d) Ploidy in offspring would be either double or half the parental ploidy.

Ploidy in offspring would be double the parental ploidy in each generation.

What is a likely evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? a) Sexual reproduction involves fewer steps. b) Sexual reproduction results in variation in the offspring. c) Sexual reproduction is more metabolically efficient. d) Sexual reproduction uses up fewer resources in a given environment.

Sexual reproduction results in variation in the offspring.

What key event occurs in Prometaphase I? a) The arrangement of the homologous chromosomes in the center of the cells. b) The attachment of the spindle fiber microtubules to the kinetochore proteins at the centromeres of homologous chromosomes. c) The crossing over of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. d) The pulling apart of sister chromatids using the kinetochore microtubules.

The attachment of the spindle fiber microtubules to the kinetochore proteins at the centromeres of homologous chromosomes.

Which statement is true about the alternation of generations (sporic) life cycle? a) The diploid plant is called a sporophyte and haploid plants are called gametophytes. b) Gametophytes produce gametes through the process of meiosis. c) Fertilization between the gametes of a gametophyte produce haploid zygotes. d) Sporophyte cells undergo mitosis to produce haploid spores.

The diploid plant is called a sporophyte and haploid plants are called gametophytes.

A single diploid cell with 22 chromosomes undergoes meiosis and produces a gamete. Describe the cells produced. a) The result would be four cells, each containing 11 chromosomes. b) The result would be one cell with 22 chromosomes. c) The result would be four cells, each containing 22 chromosomes. d) Meiosis cannot occur on a diploid cell.

The result would be four cells, each containing 11 chromosomes.

Sexual reproduction is advantageous because it allows for organisms to produce genetically unique offspring. How does that relate to adaptation and the evolutionary process? a) Unique offspring have more of a chance to survive because they are identical to their parents. b) Offspring that are unique to their parents only develop adaptations that can be considered disadvantageous to the organism. c) Unique offspring have a better chance to survive because they can get the genetic strengths from both parents. d) The evolutionary process is not related to the genetic variability produced by sexual reproduction.

Unique offspring have a better chance to survive because they can get the genetic strengths from both parents.

Which organism employs a diploid-dominant (gametic) life-cycle strategy? a) an evergreen tree b) a red alga c) a mushroom d) a gorilla

a gorilla

Which of the following is the best definition for "sporophyte?" a) all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells b) a multicellular haploid life-cycle stage that produces gametes c) specialized cell line that produces gametes, such as eggs or sperm d) a multicellular diploid life-cycle stage that produces haploid spores by meiosis

a multicellular diploid life-cycle stage that produces haploid spores by meiosis

Which of the following is the best definition for "gametophyte?" a) all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells b) a multicellular haploid life-cycle stage that produces gametes c) specialized cell line that produces gametes, such as eggs or sperm d) a multicellular diploid life-cycle stage that produces haploid spores by meiosis

a multicellular haploid life-cycle stage that produces gametes

Which of the following is the best definition for "meiosis?" a) union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms b) a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells c) nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many chromosome sets as the parental nucleus; meiosis I is a reduction division d) formation of a close association between homologous chromosomes during prophase I

a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells

Which of the following is the best definition for "somatic cell?" a) haploid cell that can produce a haploid multicellular organism b) specialized cell line that produces gametes, such as eggs or sperm c) all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells

all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells

At which stage of meiosis are sister chromatids separated from each other? a) anaphase I b) anaphase II c) prophase II d) metaphase I

anaphase II

If sexual reproduction results in offspring that are unique, what are the offspring from asexual reproduction? a) equal mixtures of both parents b) clones c) asexual spores d) recombinations

clones

Which of the following is the best definition for "crossover?" a) (also, interphase II) brief period of rest between meiosis I and meiosis II b) nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many chromosome sets as the parental nucleus; meiosis I is a reduction division c) exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism d) a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells

exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism

Which of the following is the best definition for "meiosis I?" a) brief period of rest between the first and second rounds of meiotic cell division b) first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as reduction division because the ploidy level is reduced from diploid to haploid c) nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many chromosome sets as the parental nucleus d) second round of meiotic cell division in which sister chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes, resulting in four unique haploid cells

first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as reduction division because the ploidy level is reduced from diploid to haploid

Which of the following is the best definition for "synapsis?" a) union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms b) formation of a close association between homologous chromosomes during prophase I c) (also, interphase II) brief period of rest between meiosis I and meiosis II d) a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells

formation of a close association between homologous chromosomes during prophase I

A haploid cell produced in diploid-dominant organisms by meiosis is called a____. A haploid cell produced in diploid-dominant organisms by meiosis is called a____. a) gamete b) gametophyte c) spore d) sporophyte

gamete

Which of the following is the best definition for "spore?" a) haploid cell that can produce a haploid multicellular organism b) specialized cell line that produces gametes, such as eggs or sperm c) all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells

haploid cell that can produce a haploid multicellular organism

Fungi typically display which type of life cycle? a) alternation of generations (sporic) b) asexual c) diploid-dominant (gametic) d) haploid-dominant (zygotic)

haploid-dominant (zygotic)

Which of the following is the best definition for "diploid-dominant (gametic life cycle)?" a) life-cycle type in which the multicellular haploid stage is prevalent b) life-cycle type in which the diploid and haploid stages alternate c) life-cycle type in which the multicellular diploid stage is prevalent

life-cycle type in which the multicellular diploid stage is prevalent

Which of the following is the best definition for "haploid-dominant (zygotic life cycle)?" a) life-cycle type in which the multicellular haploid stage is prevalent b) life-cycle type in which the diploid and haploid stages alternate c) life-cycle type in which the multicellular diploid stage is prevalent

life-cycle type in which the multicellular haploid stage is prevalent

The part of meiosis that is most similar to mitosis is _____ . a) reduction division b) interkinesis c) meiosis I d) meiosis II

meiosis II

During which phase does the second round of genetic variation occur during meiosis? a) anaphase I b) metaphase I c) prophase II d) telophase II

metaphase I

When does the random assortment of chromosomes occur in meiosis? a) anaphase I b) metaphase I c) prophase II d) telophase II

metaphase I

Which of the following is the best definition for "synaptonemal complex?" a) the structure that forms at the crossover points after genetic material is exchanged b) protein lattice that forms between homologous chromosomes during prophase I, supporting crossover c) proteins that form a complex that seals sister chromatids together at their centromeres until anaphase II of meiosis d) two duplicated homologous chromosomes (four chromatids) bound together by chiasmata during prophase I

protein lattice that forms between homologous chromosomes during prophase I, supporting crossover

Which of the following is the best definition for "meiosis II?" a) brief period of rest between the first and second rounds of meiotic cell division b) first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as reduction division because the ploidy level is reduced from diploid to haploid c) nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many chromosome sets as the parental nucleus d) second round of meiotic cell division in which sister chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes, resulting in four unique haploid cells

second round of meiotic cell division in which sister chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes, resulting in four unique haploid cells

Which of the following is the best definition for "life cycle?" a) union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms b) the sequence of events in the development of an organism and the production of cells that produce offspring c) a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells

the sequence of events in the development of an organism and the production of cells that produce offspring

Which of the following is the best definition for "tetrad?" a) protein assemblies formed on the synaptonemal complex that mark the points of crossover events and mediate the multistep process of genetic recombination between non-sister chromatids b) proteins that form a complex that seals sister chromatids together at their centromeres until anaphase II of meiosis c) the structure that forms at the crossover points after genetic material is exchanged d) two duplicated homologous chromosomes (four chromatids) bound together by chiasmata during prophase I

two duplicated homologous chromosomes (four chromatids) bound together by chiasmata during prophase I

Which of the following is the best definition for "fertilization?" a) union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms b) formation of a close association between homologous chromosomes during prophase I c) (also, interphase II) brief period of rest between meiosis I and meiosis II d) a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells

union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms