Chapter 12 and 13

46) The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus. A) cervical B) brachial C) lumbar D) sacral E) thoracic

B) brachial

60) As the ________ nerve approaches the knee, it divides into two branches, the fibular nerve and the tibial nerve. A) perineal B) femoral C) brachial D) pudendal E) sciatic

E) sciatic

42) Postganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system that innervate internal organs are A) dorsal rami. B) ventral rami. C) white rami. D) gray rami. E) sympathetic nerves.

E) sympathetic nerves.

11) A neural cortex is found on the surface of the A) cerebrum. B) pons. C) thalamus. D) midbrain.

A

12) As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become A) more complex. B) simpler. C) better understood. D) more crucial to visceral functions. E) critical to reflexes.

A

3) During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum? A) telencephalon B) diencephalon C) mesencephalon D) metencephalon E) myelencephalon

A

6) The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the A) hypothalamus. B) thalamus. C) brain stem. D) mesencephalon. E) myelencephalon.

A

8) Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) cerebellum.

A

71) The anterior nuclei of the thalamus A) are part of the limbic system. B) secrete pituitary hormones. C) secrete melatonin. D) receive axon collaterals from the optic nerve. E) secrete pituitary hormones and melatonin.

A are part of the limbic system.

140) At the optic chiasm, A) axons from the medial halves of each retina cross. B) axons from the lateral halves of each retina cross. C) axons from the retinae synapse on those from the other half. D) the olfactory nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain. E) the optic nerve enters the cerebellum.

A axons from the medial halves of each retina cross.

51) If the pons was damaged, which of the following functions would be affected? A) breathing B) control of blood pressure C) coordination D) sleep patterns E) judgment

A breathing

109) The highest levels of information processing occur in the A) cerebrum. B) diencephalon. C) cerebellum. D) medulla oblongata. E) corpus callosum.

A cerebrum.

6) In each ventricle is a blood vessel network called the ________ that produces cerebrospinal fluid. A) choroid plexus B) jugular vein C) carotid artery D) vertebral artery E) pia mater

A choroid plexus

133) A reflex that is used to assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is the ________ reflex. A) corneal B) tympanic C) auditory D) vestibulo-ocular E) consensual

A corneal

118) Excitation of neurons in the basal nuclei would lead to A) increased muscle tone. B) loss of consciousness. C) inability to sense pain. D) sexual arousal. E) involuntary speech production.

A increased muscle tone.

24) Cerebrospinal fluid A) is secreted by ependymal cells. B) is formed by a passive process. C) is normally produced twice as fast as it is removed. D) has almost the same composition as blood plasma. E) contains blood cells and blood plasma.

A is secreted by ependymal cells.

87) The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the A) longitudinal fissure. B) central sulcus. C) transverse fissure. D) parieto-occipital sulcus. E) postcentral sulcus.

A longitudinal fissure.

59) The structure of the brain that carries ascending sensory information to the thalamus is the A) midbrain. B) cerebral aqueduct. C) 4th ventricle. D) basal ganglion. E) cerebellum.

A midbrain.

124) The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is A) olfaction. B) gustation. C) hearing. D) vision. E) dizziness.

A olfaction.

89) The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.

A parietal lobe.

20) What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain? A) pia mater B) arachnoid C) dura mater D) cranial plexus E) choroid plexus

A pia mater

35) The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the A) pia mater. B) dura mater. C) arachnoid membrane. D) neural cortex. E) subarachnoid mater.

A pia mater.

100) The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the A) prefrontal cerebral cortex. B) occipital association cortex. C) reticular formation. D) temporal lobe. E) cerebral ganglia.

A prefrontal cerebral cortex.

19) In most cases, the general interpretive center and the speech center are located in A) the left cerebral hemisphere. B) the right cerebral hemisphere. C) neither of the cerebral hemispheres. D) both of the cerebral hemispheres.

A the left cerebral hemisphere.

105) Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to A) the prefrontal cortex. B) the general interpretive area. C) Broca's area. D) Wernicke's area. E) the temporal lobe.

A the prefrontal cortex.

7) The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains A) axons of motor neurons. B) axons of sensory neurons. C) cell bodies of motor neurons. D) cell bodies of sensory neurons. E) interneurons.

A) Axons of motor neurons

19) Blood vessels that supply the spinal cord run along the surface of the A) pia mater. B) dura mater. C) epidural space. D) subdural space. E) subarachnoid space.

A) Pia mater

45) Muscles of the neck and shoulder are innervated by spinal nerves from the ________ region. A) cervical B) thoracic C) lumbar D) sacral E) coccygeal

A) cervical

19) Reflexes that activate muscles on the opposite side of the body as the stimulus are called A) contralateral. B) ipsilateral. C) commensual. D) involuntary. E) parasympathetic.

A) contralateral.

57) The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve is termed the A) endoneurium. B) perineurium. C) aponeurium. D) metaneurium. E) subneurium.

A) endoneurium.

20) In a(n) ________ reflex, a sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor neuron. A) monosynaptic B) ipsilateral C) commensual D) involuntary E) polysynaptic

A) monosynaptic

49) The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the A) perineurium. B) epineurium. C) endoneurium. D) epimysium. E) endosteum.

A) perineurium.

15) The neural "wiring" of a single reflex is called a(n) A) reflex arc. B) ramus. C) ganglion. D) tract. E) intershoot.

A) reflex arc.

25) The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A) sensory nuclei. B) somatic motor nuclei. C) autonomic motor nuclei. D) nerve tracts. E) sympathetic nuclei.

A) sensory nuclei.

40) The preganglionic fibers that connect a spinal nerve with an autonomic ganglion in the thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord and carries visceral motor fibers that are myelinated form the A) white rami communicantes. B) gray rami communicantes. C) dorsal ramus. D) ventral ramus. E) dermatomes.

A) white rami communicantes.

4) Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain? A) cerebrum B) diencephalon C) prosencephalon D) midbrain E) pons

C

88) Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are A) fissures. B) sinuses. C) lobes. D) sulci. E) gyri.

C

99) Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas. A) commissural B) sensory C) association D) somesthetic E) processing

C association

52) Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the A) cerebrum. B) mesencephalon. C) cerebellum. D) pons. E) medulla oblongata.

C cerebellum.

77) The mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus A) regulate lactation. B) secrete oxytocin. C) control feeding reflexes. D) control heart rate and blood pressure. E) secrete antidiuretic hormone.

C control feeding reflexes.

8) Two large venous sinuses, the sagittal sinuses, lie within a dural fold called the A) cerebral aqueduct. B) basal ganglia. C) falx cerebri. D) arachnoid mater. E) septum pellucidum.

C falx cerebri.

48) The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in the A) pons. B) cerebrum. C) medulla oblongata. D) cerebellum. E) midbrain.

C medulla oblongata.

108) Which cerebral area is involved with judgment and predictive abilities? A) Broca's area B) Brodmann area C) prefrontal cortex D) Wernicke's area E) general interpretive area

C prefrontal cortex

75) Which of the following is a function of the thalamus? A) secrete cerebrospinal fluid B) secrete melatonin C) process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum D) store memories E) regulate food intake

C process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum

79) Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem? A) an intense thirst B) an uncontrolled sex drive C) reduced ability to regulate body temperature D) an insatiable appetite E) production of a large volume of urine

C reduced ability to regulate body temperature

98) The auditory cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.

C temporal lobe.

3) Spinal nerves are A) purely sensory. B) purely motor. C) both sensory and motor. D) interneuronal. E) involuntary.

C) Both sensory and motor

28) In the spinal cord, white matter is separated into ascending and descending tracts organized as A) nuclei. B) ganglia. C) columns. D) nerves. E) horns.

C) Columns

8) The tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the A) arachnoid. B) pia mater. C) dura mater. D) epidural block. E) periosteum.

C) Dura mater

47) In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise? A) cranial B) cervical C) brachial D) lumbar E) sacral

C) brachial

4) The ________ separates the dura mater from the walls of the vertebral canal. A) subdural space B) subarachnoid space C) epidural space D) venous dural sinus E) central canal

C) epidural space

82) The flexor reflex A) prevents a muscle from overstretching. B) prevents a muscle from generating damaging tension. C) moves a limb away from a painful stimulus. D) usually depends on cranial neurons. E) is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.

C) moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.

73) Recognized neuronal circuit patterns include all of the following except A) convergent. B) divergent. C) multipolar D) reverberating. E) parallel processing.

C) multipolar

13) A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a A) cervical enlargement. B) lumbar enlargement. C) spinal nerve. D) spinal meninx. E) spinal ganglion.

C) spinal nerve

10) Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. E) cerebellum.

D

17) The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the A) first. B) second. C) third. D) fourth. E) lateral.

D

5) Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem? A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) mesencephalon D) diencephalon E) cerebellum

D

104) The general interpretive area A) is the speech center of the brain. B) is responsible for predicting future consequences. C) is the site of long-term memory storage. D) allows us to interpret what is read or heard. E) may be damaged by even a small stroke.

D allows us to interpret what is read or heard.

55) The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the A) pons. B) medulla. C) cerebral cortex. D) cerebellar cortex. E) arbor vitae.

D cerebellar cortex.

135) Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry? A) hearing B) equilibrium C) atmospheric pressure D) hearing and equilibrium E) hearing, equilibrium, and taste

D hearing and equilibrium

21) The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the A) external carotid arteries. B) facial arteries. C) jugular veins. D) internal carotid and vertebral arteries. E) dural sinuses.

D internal carotid and vertebral arteries.

46) The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the A) cerebrum. B) cerebellum. C) diencephalon. D) medulla oblongata. E) heart.

D medulla oblongata

97) The visual cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.

D occipital lobe.

139) Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the A) medulla. B) thalamus. C) cerebral cortex. D) olfactory bulb. E) olfactory tract.

D olfactory bulb.

24) The optic nerve crosses at the A) decussation. B) commissural fibers. C) pons. D) optic chiasm. E) cerebral aqueduct.

D optic chiasm.

29) What contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows? A) subdural space B) dural sinus C) falx cerebri D) subarachnoid space E) pia mater

D subarachnoid space

130) The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the A) abducens. B) facial. C) vagus. D) trigeminal. E) glossopharyngeal.

D trigeminal.

5) The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain A) axons of motor neurons. B) axons of sensory neurons. C) cell bodies of motor neurons. D) cell bodies of sensory neurons. E) synapses.

D) Cell bodies of sensory neurons

12) The layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the A) dura mater. B) subarachnoid space. C) arachnoid. D) pia mater. E) choroid plexus.

D) Pia mater

75) All of the following are true of neural reflexes except that they A) are automatic motor responses. B) are the simplest form of behavior. C) help preserve homeostasis. D) cannot be modified by the brain. E) involve at least two neurons

D) cannot be modified by the brain.

39) The outermost connective-tissue covering of nerves is the A) endoneurium. B) endomysium. C) perineurium. D) epineurium. E) epimysium.

D) epineurium

30) Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the A) anterior gray horns. B) lateral gray horns. C) posterior gray horns. D) gray commissures. E) white commissures.

D) gray commissures.

23) The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly A) unmyelinated axons. B) neuroglia. C) Schwann cells. D) myelinated axons. E) nodes of Ranvier.

D) myelinated axons.

24) The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A) nerve tracts. B) columns. C) meninges. D) neuron cell bodies. E) funiculi.

D) neuron cell bodies.

58) The ventral rami form four major plexuses, including all of the following except the ________ plexus. A) brachial B) lumbar C) sacral D) nuchal E) cervical

D) nuchal

32) Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid? A) provides cushioning for delicate neural tissues B) provides buoyant support for the brain C) acts as a transport medium for nutrients D) produces ATP for impulse transmission E) acts as a transport medium for waste products

D) produces ATP for impulse transmission

51) The ________ innervates the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs. A) white rami communicantes B) gray rami communicantes C) dorsal ramus D) ventral ramus E) dermatomes

D) ventral ramus

13) The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems. A) cerebellum B) medulla oblongata C) cerebrum D) pons E) hypothalamus

E

47) The medulla oblongata regulates A) somatic motor contractions. B) food intake. C) auditory reflexes. D) vision and hearing E) blood pressure and respiration.

E blood pressure and respiration.

23) The white structure that connects the cerebral hemispheres is the A) geniculate nucleus. B) basal ganglia. C) amygdala. D) arbor vitae. E) corpus callosum.

E corpus callosum.

125) Gustatory information reaches the brain by way of A) cranial nerve I. B) cranial nerve II. C) cranial nerve X. D) cranial nerve IV. E) cranial nerve IX.

E cranial nerve IX.

132) Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)? A) vagus B) facial C) glossopharyngeal D) hypoglossal E) glossopharyngeal and vagus

E glossopharyngeal and vagus

16) Emotions and behavioral drives are associated with the A) geniculate nucleus. B) thalamus. C) fornix. D) general association area. E) hypothalamus.

E hypothalamus.

91) The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.

E insula.

90) The region(s) of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is/are the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) parietal and frontal lobes.

E parietal and frontal lobes.

7) Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called A) plexuses. B) ganglia. C) sinuses. D) aqueducts. E) ventricles.

E ventricles.

62) The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves except the A) radial. B) median. C) ulnar. D) musculocutaneous. E) phrenic.

E) phrenic.

21) A(n) ________ reflex has at least one interneuron placed between the sensory and motor neurons. A) monosynaptic B) ipsilateral C) commensual D) involuntary E) polysynaptic

E) polysynaptic

7) The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) thalamus.

B

54) The white matter of the cerebellum forms the A) flocculonodular lobe. B) arbor vitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid.

B arbor vitae

34) The cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS capillary endothelial cells are the A) blastocytes. B) astrocytes C) monocytes. D) leukocytes. E) lymphocytes.

B astrocytes

26) The choroid plexus is composed of A) lymphatic vessels. B) blood vessels. C) nerve fibers. D) ganglia. E) subarachnoid granulations.

B blood vessels.

1) The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the A) basal ganglia. B) brain stem. C) mesencephalon. D) ventricles. E) cortical lobes of the cerebrum.

B brain stem.

66) The pineal gland is part of the A) hypothalamus. B) diencephalon. C) midbrain. D) mesencephalon. E) 3rd ventricle.

B diencephalon.

120) A(n) ________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time. A) electrocardiogram B) electroencephalogram C) x-ray D) MRI E) CT scan

B electroencephalogram

18) Specialized ________ cells form the secretory component of the choroid plexus. A) epididymal B) ependymal C) appended D) astrocytes E) blood

B ependymal

17) Stimulation of the ________ within the hypothalamus produces the sensation of hunger. A) satiety center B) feeding center C) thirst center D) limbic system E) hormone center

B feeding center

18) The ________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. A) hippocampus B) infundibulum C) supraoptic nucleus D) basal ganglia E) amygdala

B infundibulum

74) The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the A) pulvinar. B) lateral geniculates. C) medial geniculates. D) supraoptic nuclei. E) paraventricular nuclei.

B lateral geniculates.

128) Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve. A) optic B) oculomotor C) trochlear D) olfactory E) abducens

B oculomotor

78) The ________ filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex. A) cerebrum B) thalamus C) pons D) medulla oblongata E) cerebellum

B thalamus

6) The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains A) axons of motor neurons. B) axons of sensory neurons. C) cell bodies of motor neurons. D) cell bodies of sensory neurons. E) interneurons.

B) axons of sensory neurons

29) The outward projections from the central gray matter of the spinal cord, seen easily in microscopic spinal cord cross sections, are called A) wings. B) horns. C) pyramids. D) fibers. E) tracts.

B) horns

18) Reflexes that activate muscles on the same side of the body as the stimulus are called A) contralateral. B) ipsilateral. C) commensual. D) involuntary. E) parasympathetic.

B) ipsilateral.

55) Each of the following nerves originates in the lumbar plexus except the ________ nerve. A) saphenous B) sciatic C) femoral D) obturator E) genitofemoral

B) sciatic

16) Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the A) filum terminale. B) subarachnoid space. C) dura mater. D) pia mater. E) arachnoid mater.

B) subarachroid

79) The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the ________ reflex. A) stretch B) tendon C) flexor D) crossed extensor E) reciprocal

B) tendon