Chapter 12 CNS Quiz 3
Which type of wave predominates during stage 4 NREM sleep? A. Delta B. Theta C. Beta D. Alpha
A
__________ is a progressive degenerative disease of the basal nuclei that affects the dopamine-secreting pathways. A. Parkinson's disease B. Huntington's disease C. Alzheimer's disease D. mad cow disease
A
Select the structure that contains sensory (afferent) fibers. A. Dorsal horn B. Ventral root C. Lateral horn D. Ventral horn E. Dorsal root
E
Blockage of the interventricular foramen might lead to increased cerebrospinal fluid in which ventricle(s)? A. Lateral ventricles B. Fourth ventricle C. Third and lateral ventricles D. Cerebral aqueduct
A
Cell bodies of first order sensory neurons are located in ________. A. Dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord B. the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord C. sympathetic ganglia D. the thalamus
A
Choose the true statement regarding second-order neurons. A. Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. B. Second-order neurons conduct impulses to the spinal cord or brain stem, where they synapse. C. Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion. D. Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the thalamus.
A
Damage to which area of the spinal cord could lead to paraplegia? A. Lumbar enlargement B. Sacral nerves C. Cervical enlargement D. Cauda equina
A
Damage to which area of the spinal cord could lead to quadriplegia? A. Cervical enlargement/ region B. Lumbar enlargement C. Thoracic region D. Cauda equina
A
Match the EEG brain wave pattern with its correct description: Delta waves A. Seen during deep sleep, during anesthesia; indicate brain damage in adults B. Indicate a brain is "idling"; a calm, relaxed state of wakefulness C. Common in children; uncommon in awake adults, but may appear when concentrating D. Occur when we are mentally alert, as when concentrating on some problem or visual stimulus
A
Match the disease with its description: Parkinson's disease. A. Degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the basal nuclei B. Progressive degenerative disease associated with plaques and tangles in the brain C. Failure to close the caudal end of the neural tube during embryonic development D. The cerebrum and part of the brain stem never develop because the neural folds fail to fuse rostrally E. Hereditary disease associated with massive degeneration in the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex
A
Match the dural septum with its description: A large sickle-shaped fold that dips into the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres. Anteriorly, it attaches to the crista galli of the ethmoid bone. A. Falx cerebri B. Falx cerebelli C. tentorium cerebelli D. None of the choices is correct
A
Select the structure that contains sensory (afferent) fibers. A. Dorsal root B. Dorsal horn C. Lateral horn D. Ventral horn E. Ventral root
A
Suppose a patient produced more fluid in the structure shown in the figure (Choroid plexus) than could be distributed throughout the ventricles and extracellular fluid. What condition would result? A. hydrocephalus B. cerebral palsy C. Alzheimer's disease D. anencephaly
A
Which of the following are located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord gray matter? A. Autonomic (visceral) motor neurons B. Interneurons that receive input from somatic sensory neurons C. Somatic motor neurons D. Interneurons that receive input from visceral sensory neurons
A
Which of the following descriptions of the gray matter of the spinal cord is correct? A. The dorsal horns contain cell bodies of interneurons. B. The ventral horns contain cell bodies of autonomic (visceral) motor neurons. C. The lateral horns contain cell bodies of sensory neurons. D. None of the descriptions is correct. E. All of the descriptions are correct.
A
Which of the following is NOT a function of the CSF? A. initiation of some nerve impulses B. protection from blows C. nourishment of the brain D. reduction of brain weight
A
Which of the following is correct regarding the REM stage of sleep? A. Oxygen use by the brain is greater than during the awake state. B. The diaphragm and most other skeletal muscles are actively inhibited and go limp. C. Sleepwalking and night terrors may occur during the REM stage. D. The REM stage is dominated by delta waves and arousal is difficult.
A
Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury? A. concussion B. swelling C. hemorrhage D. contusion
A
A lumbar puncture removes a sample of cerebral spinal fluid for diagnostic testing. At what level of the vertebral column should a lumbar puncture be performed? A. Between L1 and L2 B. Between L3 and L4 C. Between C1 and C2 D. Between T10 and T11
B
All of the following features can be seen in the brain tissue of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease except __________. A. plaques consisting of beta amyloid peptide B. increased levels of acetylcholine in the basal forebrain C. neurofibrillary tangles associated with the protein called tau D. shrinkage of brain tissues
B
Cerebrospinal fluid is absorbed back into the blood by _______. A. choroid plexus B. arachnoid villus C. pia mater D. falx cerebri
B
Clinically, consciousness is defined on a continuum that grades behavior in response to stimuli. Which of the following does not belong to this continuum of consciousness? A. Lethargic B. Relaxed C. Stupor D. Alert E. Coma
B
In anterograde amnesia ______. A. there is an inhibition of afferent inputs to the cerebral cortex B. LTM (long term memory) is not disrupted C. communication between the medial temporal lobe and the association cortex remains unaffected D. declarative memory is not significantly altered
B
Match the EEG brain wave pattern with its correct description: Alpha waves A. Seen during deep sleep, during anesthesia; indicate brain damage in adults B. Indicate a brain is "idling"; a calm, relaxed state of wakefulness C. Common in children; uncommon in awake adults, but may appear when concentrating D. Occur when we are mentally alert, as when concentrating on some problem or visual stimulus
B
Match the disease with its description: Alzheimer's disease. A. Degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the basal nuclei B. Progressive degenerative disease associated with plaques and tangles in the brain C. Failure to close the caudal end of the neural tube during embryonic development D. The cerebrum and part of the brain stem never develop because the neural folds fail to fuse rostrally E. Hereditary disease associated with massive degeneration in the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex
B
Select the term that refers to the inferior end of the spinal cord. A. Cauda equina B. Conus medullaris C. Lumbar enlargement D. Filum terminale
B
Sleepwalking may occur during ________. A. REM B. NREM stage 4 C. NREM stage 1 D. NREM stage 2
B
Which of the following conditions results from viral destruction of ventral horn motor neurons? A. Paraplegia B. Poliomyelitis C. Meningitis D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B
Which of the following is not commonly associated with coma? A. Metabolic disturbances such as hypoglycemia B. Stroke C. Drug overdose D. Liver or kidney failure E. Tumors of the brain stem
B
Which of the following is untrue regarding flaccid paralysis? A. The affected muscles cannot move either voluntarily or involuntarily. B. Spinal reflex activity continues to stimulate the muscles irregularly. C. Flaccid paralysis occurs when the spinal cord or ventral roots are injured. D. Without stimulation, the muscles atrophy.
B
Which of the following would you NOT find in normal cerebrospinal fluid? A. protein B. red blood cells C. potassium D. glucose
B
Acting as an excitotoxin, the main culprit in the damage caused by a cerebral vascular accident (CVA) is __________. A. Serotonin B. low levels of calcium C. Glutamate D. Acetylcholine
C
Arachnoid granulations are knoblike projections that protrude superiorly through the ________ mater to absorb cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood. A. arachnoid B. pia C. dura D. subarachnoid
C
During an epileptic seizure, the triggering of convulsions would not directly involve the uncontrolled activity of neurons located in the ______. A. pyramidal tracts B. primary motor cortex C. thalamus D. medulla oblongata
C
Match the EEG brain wave pattern with its correct description: Theta waves A. Seen during deep sleep, during anesthesia; indicate brain damage in adults B. Indicate a brain is "idling"; a calm, relaxed state of wakefulness C. Common in children; uncommon in awake adults, but may appear when concentrating D. Occur when we are mentally alert, as when concentrating on some problem or visual stimulus
C
Pain follows which pathway to the brain? A. fasciculus gracilis B. fasciculus cuneatus C. lateral spinothalamic tract D. lateral corticospinal tract
C
The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________. A. myelinated nerve fibers only B. unmyelinated nerve fibers only C. myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers D. cell bodies
C
What part of the spinal cord represents an increase in cell body mass for upper limb control? A. cauda equina B. conus medullaris C. cervical enlargement D. lumbar enlargement
C
Which of the following are located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord gray matter? A. Interneurons that receive input from somatic sensory neurons B. Somatic motor neurons C. Autonomic (visceral) motor neurons D. Interneurons that receive input from visceral sensory neurons
C
Which of the following descriptions of the gray matter of the spinal cord is correct? A. The lateral horns contain cell bodies of sensory neurons. B. The ventral horns contain cell bodies of autonomic (visceral) motor neurons. C. The dorsal horns contain cell bodies of interneurons. D. None of the descriptions are correct. E. All of the descriptions are correct.
C
Which of the following is a characteristic of a coma but is NOT a characteristic of sleep? A. absence of brain waves ("flat EEG") B. irreversible brain damage C. continuously reduced mitochondrial activity in brain neurons D. All of the listed responses are correct.
C
Which of the following is the main component responsible for the blood brain barrier? A. Basal lamina B. Astrocyte feet C. Tight junctions D. choroid plexus
C
Which of the following is untrue concerning Alzheimer's disease? A. Between 5 and 15% of people over 65 develop this condition. B. Alzheimer's patients represent nearly half of the people living in nursing homes. C. An alternate pronunciation of Alzheimer's disease is "old-timers" or "all-timers" disease. D. Up to half of deaths for those over 85 is contributed to by Alzheimer's disease.
C
Which protective covering of the brain provides passageways for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to drain into the superior sagittal sinus? A. pia mater B. periosteal part of the dura mater C. arachnoid mater D. membranous part of the dura mater
C
An individual accidentally transected (cut across) the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________. A. spinal shock only B. hemiplegia C. quadriplegia D. paraplegia
D
In the spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid fills which of the following? A. Epidural space between the bony vertebrae and the spinal dura mater B. Space between the pia mater and the surface of the spinal cord C. Subdural space between the dura and arachnoid meninges D. Subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater meninges
D
Interneurons receiving input from sensory neurons are located in the ________. A. lateral horn B. dorsal root ganglion C. ventral (anterior) horn D. dorsal (posterior) horn
D
Match the EEG brain wave pattern with its correct description: Beta waves A. Seen during deep sleep, during anesthesia; indicate brain damage in adults B. Indicate a brain is "idling"; a calm, relaxed state of wakefulness C. Common in children; uncommon in awake adults, but may appear when concentrating D. Occur when we are mentally alert, as when concentrating on some problem or visual stimulus
D
REM sleep is associated with ________. A. decreased activity of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex B. decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral cortex C. decreased vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure D. temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm
D
Second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate in the ________. A. somatosensory cortex B. spinal cord C. medulla D. thalamus
D
Select the area of the CNS where damage could lead to spastic paralysis. A. Lower motor neurons B. Ventral roots C. Dorsal roots D. Upper motor neurons
D
Select the spinal cord tract that transmits impulses concerned with pain and temperature to opposite side of brain for interpretation by somatosensory cortex. A. Ventral spinothalamic B. Fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis (dorsal white column) C. Dorsal spinocerebellar D. Lateral spinothalamic
D
Select the substance that can cross the blood brain barrier by simple diffusion. A. Glucose molecules B. Potassium ions C. Proteins D. Fats
D
Select the true statement regarding first-order neurons. A. First-order neurons usually ascend directly to the thalamus. B. First-order neurons originate in the CNS. C. First-order neurons descend with motor commands. D. First-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion.
D
Spinocerebellar tracts ________. A. give rise to conscious experience of perception B. are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord C. terminate in the spinal cord D. carry information about muscle or tendon stretch to the cerebellum
D
The blood brain barrier is an effective barrier against all of the following EXCEPT __________. A. metabolic wastes B. proteins C. potassium D. nicotine
D
The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________. A. nutrients such as glucose B. anesthetics C. alcohol D. metabolic waste such as urea
D
The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges? A. arachnoid and epidura B. arachnoid and dura C. dura and epidura D. arachnoid and pia
D
This devastating disease causes destruction of motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. A. Parkinson's disease B. Huntington's disease C. Multiple sclerosis D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
D
Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________. A. extrapyramidal and rubrospinal B. supplementary and cerebellar-pontine C. segmental and nigrostriatal D. pyramidal and corticospinal
D
What characteristic does a spinocerebellar tract neuron share with a sensory neuron originating in the quadriceps femoris? A. Both neurons lack myelin sheathing. B. Both neurons pass through the dorsal root ganglion. C. Both neurons interface with gray matter nuclei. D. Both neurons carry afferent information.
D
Which of the following gray matter zones are located in the dorsal horn? A. visceral sensory and visceral motor B. somatic sensory and somatic motor C. Visceral motor and somatic motor D. Visceral sensory and somatic sensory
D
Which of the following is a descending pathway? A. fasciculus gracilis B. fasciculus cuneatus C. lateral spinothalamic tract D. lateral corticospinal tract
D
Which of the following is false with regard to the blood brain barrier? A.In some brain areas surrounding the third and fourth ventricles, the barrier is entirely absent and the capillary endothelium is quite permeable, allowing bloodborne molecules easy access to the neural tissue. One such region is the vomiting center of the brain stem, which monitors the blood for poisonous substances. B. The hypothalamus, which regulates water balance, body temperature, and many other metabolic activities lacks a blood brain barrier. This lack of a blood brain baririer is essential to allow the hypothalamus to sample the chemical composition of the blood. C. Injury to the brain, whatever the cause, may result in a localized breakdown of the blood brain barrier. D. The blood brain barrier is strengthened in newborn infants to add extra protection to the developing brain.
D
Which of the following is the middle layer of the meninges? A. Pia mater B. Dura mater C. Dural sinuses D. Arachnoid mater
D
Which statement about coma is true? A. Coma is a form of deep sleep. B. Coma is neurologically identical to syncope. C. During coma, brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state. D. Coma may be caused by widespread cerebral or brain stem trauma.
D