Chapter 12 GASES chem. quizlet

How many moles of oxygen are in a sample of oxygen that has a volume of 5.74 L at STP?

0.256 mol

A 5.5 L container of oxygen has a pressure of 1.45 atm at 298K. The amount of oxygen in moles (to two significant figures) in the container is __ mol.

0.33

A bubble has a volume of 0.45 L at a pressure of 2.1 atm. The pressure decreases to 1.5 atm at the same temperature. The new volume (to two significant figures) is __ L.

0.63

A sample of carbon dioxide gas that has a volume of 14.6 L at STP contains __ mol of gas (to three significant figures).

0.652

The pressure of a sample of argon in a 1.50 L container is 3.10 atm. What is the new pressure if the sample is placed in a 5.50 L container?

0.845 atm

The pressure of the air in a tire is 2.38 atm at a temperature of 25°C. The pressure decreases to 2.18 atm at the same volume. What is the new temperature of the air in degrees Celsius?

0°C

Which conversion factors show how Avogadro's principle relates the number of particles of gas to the volume of the gas at STP?

1 mol/ 22.4 L, 22.4 L/ 1 mol

The pressure of air in a syringe is 1.25 atm at a temperature of 33°C. The gas expands to 76.0 mL while the pressure is decreased to 0.89 atm. If the initial volume is 42.0 mL, the final temperature (to the nearest degree Celsius) is __ °C.

121

In the synthesis of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen, all substances are gases. 3H2(g)+N2(g)—>2NH3(g) How many grams of ammonia gas are produced if 14.4 L of hydrogen react completely at 2.45 atm and 345 K?

14.1 g

In the synthesis of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen, all substances are gases. 3H2(g)+N2(g)—>2NH3(g) Which stoichiometric ratios are shown in this equation?

2 L of ammonia gas form from 3 L of hydrogen gas, 3 L of hydrogen gas react to form 2 L of ammonia gas, 1 L of nitrogen gas reacts with 3 L of hydrogen gas

When exposed to sunlight, nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide. 2NO(g)+O2(g)->2NO2(g) Which stoichiometric ratios are shown in this equation?

2 L of nitrogen monoxide reacts with 1 L of oxygen, 2 L of nitrogen dioxide forms from 2 L of nitrogen monoxide

According to Avogadro's principle, 1 mol of any gas at standard temperature an pressure occupies volume of __ L.

22.4

A balloon has a volume of 2.80 L at a temperature of 298 K. The temperature increases to 325 K at the same pressure. The new volume (to three significant figures) is __ L.

3.05

The pressure of helium in a cylinder is 3.89 atm at a temperature of 42°C. The temperature decreases to -5°C at the same volume. The new pressure (to three significant figures) is __ atm.

3.31

The complete combustion of 9.40 L of propane (C3H8) in excess oxygen produces carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. C3H8(g)+5O2(g)—>3CO2(g)+4H2O(g) The volume of water vapor formed (to three significant figures) is __ L.

37.6

The complete combustion of propane (C3H8) in excess oxygen produces carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. C3H8(g)+5O2(g)—>3CO2(g)+4H2O(g) How many liters of oxygen gas are used if 23.7 L of carbon dioxide gas are produced?

39.5 L

A gas has a volume of 1.52 L at a temperature of 288 K. If the pressure remains constant, at what temperature will the volume be 2.12 L?

402 K

The pressure of air in a syringe is 0.98 atm at a temperature of 35°C. The gas is cooled to 0°C while the pressure is increased to 1.09 atm. If the original volume is 98 mL, the new volume (to two significant figures) is __ mL.

78

Which is a freezing point of zero on the Kelvin scale?

Absolute zero

How do you convert a temperature from Celsius degrees to kelvins?

Add 273 to the Celsius temperature

How does pressure affect how closely a gas behaves like an ideal gas?

At high pressures, the volume occupied by the gas particles is no longer negligible

How does temperature affect how closely a gas behaves like an ideal gas?

At low temperatures, particles have less kinetic energy and are more affected by intermolecular forces

The statement that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles is __ __.

Avogadro's principle

The law that states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas held at a constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure is __ __.

Boyle's law

The law that states that the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature at constant pressure is __ __.

Charles's law

The law that states the relationships among pressure, temperature, and volume of a fixed amount of gas is the __ __ __.

Combined gas law

Which states the relationships among pressure, temperature, and volumes of a fixed amount of gas?

Combined gas law

Which equation correctly shows how to use the ideal gas to determine the density of a gas?

D=MP/RT

If a balloon is placed into ice water, it's volume will__.

Decrease

If the temperature of a sample of gas decreases at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas __.

Decreases

Which quantities can be calculated by rearranging the ideal gas law?

Density, molar mass

The raw material for making polyethylene polymers is the gas __.

Ethene

The law that states that the pressure of a fixed amount of gas varies directly with the Kelvin temperature when the volume remains constant is __ - __ law.

Gay - Lussac's

An experimentally determines constant whose value in the ideal gas equation depends on the units that are used for pressure is the __ __ __.

Ideal gas constant

The law that describes the physical behavior of an ideal gas in terms of the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of gas present is the __ __ __.

Ideal gas law

If the temperature of a sample of gas increases at a constant pressure, what will happen to the volume?

Increases

If the temperature of a sample of gas increases at a constant volume, the pressure __.

Increases

If the temperature in kelvins of a sample of gas increases to three times it's original value at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas __ to ___ times it's original value.

Increases, three

If the pressure of a sample of gas doubles at a constant temperature, what will happen to the volume?

It decreases to half of its original value

If the temperature in kelvins of a sample of gas doubles at a constant pressure, what will happen to the volume?

It increases to twice its original value

A gas acts less like an ideal gas when the volume of the gas particles themselves cannot be ignored. Therefore, gases that have __ molecules do not behave like ideal gases.

Larger

Which equation correctly shows how to use the ideal gas laws to determine the molar mass of a gas?

M=mRT/PV

If the volume, pressure, temperature, and mass of a gas are known, the ideal gas law can be used to solve for the __ __ of the gas.

Molar mass

Which is the volume that 1 mol of gas occupies at 0.00°C and 1.00 atm pressure?

Molar volume

How does polarity of gas molecules affect how closely a gas behaves like an ideal gas?

Molecules that are polar have stronger attractive forces and behave like an ideal gas

An inflated beach ball seems only partially inflated in the morning. How will it appear after being left out in a hot, sunny spot for several hours?

More inflated

Which shows how the amount of gas in moles is related to the temperature, pressure, and volume?

PV/nT=constant

For gases, which do the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation represent?

Relative volumes, molar amounts

The conditions of 0.00°C and 1.00 atm are known as __ __ and pressure

Standard temperature

Which are properties of ideal gases?

The particles are far apart and exert minimal attractive or repulsive forces on one another, their particles occupy negligible volume

Which are properties of real gases?

The particles exert intermolecular forces on one another, their particles have some volume