Chapter 12

Which of these factors prompted many plantation masters to reduce reliance on violence and adopt positive incentives to motivate slaves in the 1830s and 1840s?

Abolitionist scrutiny

Which of the following statements describes the institution of slavery in the 19th - century south?

About 5% of southern whites owned 50% of the slave population.

Which of the following characterizes the plantation labor system of the Southern cotton industry?

African-American slaves worked from sun up to sundown all year long.

Which of these statements describes the planter Aristocrats who lived in the cotton growing regions of the south in the mid-19th-century?

Aristocratic planters took the lead in defending slavery as a benevolent social system.

Which of the following describes the changes in slaves living conditions in the early 19 century?

As blacks formed stronger social, family, and cultural ties, they resisted the break up of families through sale by their owners.

Which of the following pairs is properly matched?

Benjamin Banneker - mathematician and surveyor; helped lay out Washington, D.C.

Slaves' practice of "taking root" involved which of the following?

Building the best possible lives for themselves as slaves

How did planters attempt to resolve a labor crisis in the cotton south in the early 19th century?

By buying domestic slaves from the Chesapeake region.

Which of the following were core institutions for African-American society in the mid - 19 - century south?

Church and family

Under the task system, slaves were required to

Complete a precisely defined job each day.

By 1860, the majority of African Americans lived and worked as slaves in which of the following regions?

Deep south

In the 19th - century south, free blacks live primarily

In the coastal cities in the upper south.

Which of the following statements characterizes blacks' resistance to slavery by the 1820s?

In their situation, most blacks had no choice but to build the best possible lives for themselves.

Which of the following attributes of American society did the planter aristocracy in the south value highly in the mid 19th century?

Inequality

Why was the south on the cutting edge of the market revolution by 1840?

It produced and exported over to - thirds of the worlds cotton supply.

Many African American slaves who converted to Christianity compared themselves to which of the following groups?

Jews

Which of the following methods was a highly uncommon form of slave resistance in the slave south?

Large-scale uprisings

Which of the following areas is correctly matched with its primary crop?

Louisiana - sugar

The Alabama constitution of 1819 did which of the following?

Made county supervisors and sheriffs elected positions

Which of the following statements characterizes the planter elite of the upper south in the early and mid-1800s?

Many elite planters considered themselves benevolent masters.

Which of these statements most accurately describes the experience of free blacks in the early 19th - century United States?

Most held low-wage jobs as farmworkers, day laborers, or laundresses.

Which of these concepts became is central tenet of slave Christianity in the south in the 19th century?

Obedience to authority

Small holding planters in the 19th century south owned about how many slaves, on average?

One to five

Why did a labor crisis develop in the cotton south in the first few decades of the 1800s?

Planters heading west needed many new slaves to clear, plant, and harvest the land.

Which of these factors explain the surplus of slaves in the Chesapeake region in the early 19th century?

Population growth through natural reproduction.

Why did the United States declined to annex Texas in 1837?

Pres. Van Buren feared the annexation would spark an American Civil War over the issue of slavery.

The domestic slave trade affected the African-American family unit before 1865 bye

Separating family members through sale and trade

Which of the following examples embodied the synthesis of African and American culture that existed in the south in the 1850s?

Sexual relations between slave woman and their masters.

Which of the following statements characterizes African-American marriage customs in the slave south?

Slave couples often followed the African custom of "jumping the broom" to signify their Union.

The notion of slavery as a "necessary evil" and a "positive good" was supported by which idea?

Slavery allowed a civilized lifestyle for whites and cared for genetically inferior blacks.

Which statement characterizes the typical relationship between slaves and their masters in the 1850s?

Slaves were investments and therefore were generally provided with clothes, shelter, and enough food to keep them healthy.

Which of these groups accounted for the largest percentage of white population in the mid - 19th - century cotton south?

Tenant farmers and day laborers

The US federal government participated in the expansion of slavery during the mid - 1800s through which of the following?

The Indian removal act

Which of these factors created a majority economic obstacle for small, family farmers aiming to improve their lot in the mid - 19th - century south?

The cotton revolution

Which of these factors contributed to the development of an increasingly homogeneous African-American culture in the rural South in the 19th century?

The development of the Gullah dialect

Which of the following statements characterizes the domestic slave trade in the 19th century?

The domestic market brought wealth to American traders.

Which of the following statements characterizes the Cotton planter class in Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas in the mid - 19th century.

The goal of the planter class was to make money.

The cotton boom that began in the 1810s set which of the following results in motion?

The redistribution of the African American population.

Why was the domestic slave trade crucial to the southern economy?

The trade provided tens of thousands of new workers to build plantations.

Which of the following statements was true of the American south in 1860?

The vast majority of southern white families did not own any slaves.

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between the economies of the north and the south in the mid - 19th century?

The wealth of industrializing the north east was increasing more quickly than that of the south.

Which of the following is true of free blacks in the south?

They became the backbone of the south's urban artisan workforce.

Which of these factors made enslaved African Americans reluctant to attempt to escape the north?

They hesitated to leave their families and communities behind.

What prevented planter elites from exercising complete political dominance over the cotton south in the 1830s and 1840s?

They lived in the republican society with democratic institutions that elicited input from all white men

Which of these statements describes the southern rice planters of the mid 19th century?

They were at the apex of the plantation aristocracy.

Children born in slave communities in the 19th-century South often shared which of these characteristics?

They were named after family members.

Which of the following statements describes the class of property list white's living in the south in the mid - 19th century?

They worked hard physical jobs as day laborers and enjoyed little respect from other whites.

What prevented white southerners from working to diversify their economy in the nineteenth century?

Wealthy planters believed that the plantation economy would continue to produce wealth indefinitely.

In the cotton - growing regions of the south, which of the following was true of the gang-labor system of work?

Gang-labor depended upon the work of white overseers and black drivers.

Which factor lead to planters need to smuggle slaves into the country rather then import them legally?

congressional legislation