Chapter 12 Lymphatic and Immune Systems Review
When is the thymus gland most active?
During childhood
What does lymph fluid contain?
Excessive body fluid such as water, blood cells, proteins, bacteria, virus, cancer cells, and cell debris.
Which aspect of the innate body defense inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process?
Fever
Which type of immunity is provided by antibodies?
Active immunity
Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused and clumping occurs?
Agglutination
What is IgE responsible for?
Allergic responses
Any substance capable of exciting our immune system and provoking a response is called what?
Antigen
What are self-antigens?
Antigens on your own cells
Vaccines provide what type of active immunity?
Artificially acquired
Which type of T cell can destroy virus-infected cells and can lyse and kill cancer cells?
Cytotoxic T celss
What type of T cells kill infected body cells by inserting a toxic chemical?
Natural Killer T cells
If someone gets the same pathogen for a second time, they will not get sick because they have built up what type of active immunity?
Naturally acquired
What is the nonspecific defense called where complement proteins activate when they encounter and attach to foreign cells?
Opsonization
Antibodies obtained from a donor either naturally or artificially provide what kind of immunity?
Passive immunity
What is an autoimmune disease?
Phenomenon that occurs when your body produces antibodies and sensitizes T cells that attack and damage its own tissue; Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), myasthenia gravis, Multiple sclerosis (MS), Graves' disease, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Glomerulonephritis)
What are the four indicators of acute inflammation?
Redness, swelling, heat & pain
Killer T cells and helper T cells are part of which line of defense?
Third line of defense (cellular immune response)
Where do T cells become immunocompent?
Thymus
What lymph tissue is responsible for trapping and removing pathogens from entering the pharynx?
Tonsils
What are the two functions of the lymphatic system?
Transport fluids back to the blood and play a role in fighting foreign invaders that may infect the body
Which type of tissue graft comes from a different animal species and are the least successful?
Xenograft
9. Identify if the following are autoimmune diseases (auto) or immunodeficiencies (immune): a. Type 1 diabetes mellitus b. SCID c. Multiple sclerosis (MS) d. Graves' disease e. AIDS f. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
a. Auto b. Immune c. Auto d. Auto e. Immune f. Auto
Immature lymphocytes are called________________________and are produced where?
hemacytoblasts; Red bone marrow
B cells are associated with______________________immunity; T cells are associated with______________________ immunity.
humoral (antibody mediated); cellular (cell-mediated)
Intact skin, the inflammatory response, and fever are part of which body defense system?
First line of defense
Which type of cell recruits other cells to fight invaders and attracts other leukocytes to the area?
Helper T cells
What are allergies?
Hypersensitivities; abnormally vigorous immune responses in which the immune system causes tissue damage as it fights off a perceived "threat" that would otherwise be harmless in the body
What are the 5 antibody classes?
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG , & IgM
What is another name for an antibody?
Immunoglobulin
What are the two defense systems that make up our immune system?
Innate & Adaptive
How does a macrophage get rid of foreign material?
It engulfs foreign particles, like Pac-man
What does fever accomplish?
It inhibits multiplication of bacteria and enhances body repair process
What are the two semi-independent structures of the lymphatic system?
Lymphatic vessels and tissues & organs (nodes)
Which type of cell's clones form plasma cells and memory cells?
B cells
Where do B cells become immunocompetent?
Bone marrow
What are two examples of the first line of defense?
Skin, mucous membranes, & secretions of the skin and mucous membranes
What lymphoid organ filters blood and destroys worn-out blood cells?
Spleen
What type of T cells suppresses the activity of T and B cells?
Suppressor (regulatory) T cells
What is anaphylactic shock?
Systemic or acute allergic response that occurs when the allergen directly enters the blood and circulates rapidly through the body; bee stings, spider bites, or an injection of a foreign substance (such as horse serum, penicillin or other drugs that act as a haptens)
Which line of defense is the adaptive body defense system considered?
Third line of defense
