Chapter 12: Muscle Relaxants

D There is no antidote for barbiturates. The use of activated charcoal binds to the drug in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, preventing absorption.

A patient is admitted to the emergency department after taking an overdose of a barbiturate 15 minutes before arrival. The nurse can anticipate that which drug will be prescribed? Ipecac syrup Naloxone (Narcan) Flumazenil (Romazicon) Charcoal (Activated charcoal)

D Flumazenil is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose. The other options are only effective against opioid agonist effects.

A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of benzodiazepine overdose. The nurse anticipates the health care provider will prescribe which antidote for benzodiazepine overdose? Naloxone (Narcan) Naltrexone (ReVia) Nalmefene (Revex) Flumazenil (Romazicon)

A Versed is known to cause amnesia and anxiolysis (reduced anxiety) as well as sedation and is most commonly used preoperatively for certain procedures.

An intravenous dose of midazolam (Versed) has been prescribed for a patient before a colonoscopy. The nurse informs the patient that one of the most common adverse effects of this medication is what effect? Amnesia Dry mouth Chest pain Constipation

C Many drugs have both sedative and hypnotic properties, with the sedative properties evident at low doses and the hypnotic properties demonstrated at larger doses.

During patient teaching, the nurse explains the difference between a sedative and hypnotic with which statement? "There really is no difference; the terms are used interchangeably." "Whereas sedative drugs induce sleep, hypnotic drugs induce a state of hypnosis." "Most drugs produce sedation at low doses and sleep, the hypnotic effect, at higher doses." "Sedatives are much stronger than hypnotic drugs and should only be used for short periods of time."

D Dantrolene is a direct acting skeletal muscle relaxant and is the drug of choice to treat malignant hyperthermia, a possible complication of generalized anesthesia.

The health care provider prescribes dantrolene (Dantrium) to a patient immediately after surgery. What condition does the nurse expect the patient has experienced? Delirium tremens Respiratory arrest Tonic-clonic seizure Malignant hyperthermia

B Benzodiazepine doses for children and older adults should be small with gradual increases to avoid ataxia (unsteady gait) and excessive sedation. Thus, these patients should be closely monitored for these adverse effects.

The nurse should monitor an older adult patient prescribed a benzodiazepine for treatment of insomnia for which potential adverse effect? Red rash Unsteady gait Muscle spasms Shortness of breath

D Sedative-hypnotic drugs cause central nervous system depression, putting the patient at risk for injury and falls.

Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a patient who has just been administered a sedative-hypnotic drug? Risk for infection Deficient knowledge Imbalanced nutrition Risk for injury and falls