Chapter 12 Questions

According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, a "control freak" might be described as an individual with normal achievement needs, a low level of affiliation needs, and a very high level or _________ needs.

Power

Which of the following would be considered extrinsic rewards? - A feeling of satisfaction from a job well done -a new company car -a raise

- A new company car - A raise

Which are the principal perspectives on motivation? -content -reinforcement - job design -process -competition

-Content -Reinforcement -job design -process

Extinction

weakening of behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced

The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas?

Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety. Employees are underutilized

Jaleel believes that if he studies hard for the next test, he will earn a high score. In terms of motivation theory, this is an example of ______.

Expectancy

Raises and other monetary incentives are examples of ____ rewards

Extrinsic

Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following?

Fairness justice

Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors?

Herzberg's Two-factor theory

what are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people?

Job enlargement job enrichment

According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, ________ power is expressed in an individual's desire to dominate others.

Personal

According to the job characteristics model, the extent to which a job requires the job holder to use a wide range of different talents and abilities is known as __________.

Skill variety

Feedback

The extent to which workers receive clear, direct information about how well they are performing the job.

Task Identity

the extent to which a job requires a worker to perform all the tasks needed to complete the job from beginning to end

Autonomy

The extent to which a job allows the worker to make choices about scheduling different tasks and/or deciding how to perform them.

punishment

Weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive.

When rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should _______.

give rewards as soon as possible.

Anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited is known as _________.

reinforcement

What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives? -Vroom's expectancy theory -Maslow's hierarchy of need theory -McClelland's acquired needs theory -Herzberg's two-factor theory

-Maslow's hierarchy of need theory -McClelland's acquired needs theory -Herzberg's two-factor theory

Which statements about motivation are true? -Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation. -Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior -Motivation is easy to see in another person. -Because motivation comes from w/in, it cannot be understood.

-Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation -Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior.

Which of these represent levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy? -Survival -Emotion -Self-actualization -Love -Safety -Physiological -Esteem

-Self-actualization -love -Safety -Physiological -Esteem

Goals motivate us through the following mechanisms:

Attention Effort Persistence Strategies

In expectancy theory, expectancy represents the

Belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance.

What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory?

Challenging Specific Achievable

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?

Competence autonomy and Relatedness'

Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job ________.

Design

According to equity theory, which of the following would be characterized as inputs?

Effort Training Experience

What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation?

Effort to performance Performance to outcomes

The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas?

Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

Robert believes that no matter how hard he studies, he will never pass the exam. According to Victor Vroom's theory, Robert has low _______________________

Expectancy

What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation>

Expectancy

what theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation?

Expectancy

There is one main theory as to what motivates people, and this theory is accepted by most people. True false

False

True or false: Money is the best motivator

False

What is the modern way of designing jobs?

Fitting jobs to people

How does goal setting motivate employees?

Fostering employee use of action plans Directing employee attention regulating employee efforts increasing employee persistence

Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?

Goal-setting theory

Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives?

Goal-setting theory Equity theory Expectancy theory

Marie has been given a goal to sell five cars by the end of the weekend. During the workday, she approaches every potential customer and makes an effort to engage with them and make a sale. When customers seem unsure about buying a car, she points out the car's best features and talks about the great deal she can give the customers if they buy. Marie is demonstrating what motivational mechanism of goal setting?

Goals increase your persistence.

What does the technique called scientific management seek to do?

Increase employee efficiency Raise employee productivity reduce the number of tasks a worker performs.

In equity theory, the education, experience, and skills that individuals contribute to their organizations are examples of __________.

Inputs

Power that is used as a means to further organizational goals is know as ______ power.

Institutional

What three types of justice are the components of organizational justice?

Interactional Distributive Procedural

Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes? Reinforcement theory job characteristics model expectancy theory pay for knowledge

Job characteristics model

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ___________ theory.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation. and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ________.

McClelland's acquired needs theory

What are the three critical psychological states identified by the job characteristics model?

Meaningfulness of work Responsibility for work outcomes knowledge of actual results of the work

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior _________.

Modification

The goal of an incentive compensation plan is to _______.

Motivate employees to work harder for more money

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ________.

Motivation

How does McClelland view needs?

Need are something that we learn from our culture

What are the needs identified by McClelland as the basis for motivation?

Need for achievement Need for power Need for affiliation

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called _______.

Needs

What area of equity theory is concerned with the extent to which people believe they are being they are being treated fairly at work?

Organizational Justice

When analyzing the pay scale of her staff, Nanci saw that several equivalent positions in the department were paid at various rates. She felt that they needed to be balanced. Which aspect of equity theory is Nanci taking into consideration?

Outputs

In equity theory, the outputs received from an organization include which of the following?

Pay Praise Rewards

Your professor awards five bonus points for coming to class on time. this is an example of ______.

Positive reinforcement

using positive consequences to strengthen the likelihood that a particular behavior will occur again in the future is known as:

Positive reinforcement

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?

Process perspectives

What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model?

Psychological states Core job characteristics Work Outcomes

What does the technique called scientific management seek to do?

Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs increase employee efficiency Raise employee productivity

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?

Reinforcement theory

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory.

Self-determination

What Tamika loves about her job is that every day brings new challenges, and she can use different talents and abilities to complete her job tasks. This is an example of which core job characteristic?

Skill Variety

jakob thought he would enjoy his job as a web designer, but it turns out that he is responsible only for updating web pages and not for creating them, too. According to the job characteristics model, Jakob has low______.

Task Identity

Which core job characteristic describes the extent to which a job requires the worker to perform all of the tasks needed to complete the job from beginning to end?

Task identity

Which of the following are core job characteristics in the hackman and Oldham job characteristics model?

Task significance Feedback Skill variety Autonomy

Task SIgnificance

The extent to which a job affects the lives of others, whether inside or outside the organization.

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?

Two-factor theory

Positive reinforcement

Using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior.

scientific ___________ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs.

management

contingency factors refer to the degree to which individuals want __________.

personal and psychological development.

Negative reinforcement

strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative.

Skill Variety

the extent to which a job requires a worker to use a wide range of different abilities and skills