Chapter 12 - Reveal

Which of the following teenagers is most likely to engage in early dating and early sexual activity?

Marcy, who lives with her mother and stepfather

Noah has decided to take a gap year between high school and college to figure out what he wants to do with his life. This is an expression of which of Marcia's identity statuses?

Moratorium

How stable is self-esteem between childhood and early adulthood?

Self-esteem usually becomes increasingly more stable over time.

Four children were asked, "Who are you?" Based on their answers, which answer was most likely from a teenager?

"I am a social justice warrior."

Romantic relationships between teens becomes common at around age _____ or so.

15

Thomas thinks of himself as a kind, compassionate friend when the situation calls for gentleness, and assertive—almost aggressive—under other circumstances. Where would Thomas most likely be placed in Bern's gender role categories?

Androgynous

According to Erikson, how do adolescents form their identities?

By adapting and blending earlier identifications

There appears to be a strong correlation between Kohlberg's stages of moral development and which of the following?

Cognitive development

Which is typical of relationships between parents and teenagers during adolescence?

Conflict between parents and teens increases during these years.

Membership in which of the following groups is based mainly on reputation rather than personal interaction between group members?

Crowd

Which is likely to have the greatest success in preventing delinquency?

Enrolling high-risk children and their families in early childhood intervention programs

Duane, an African American teenager, was stopped by a police officer because one of his taillights was out. After comparing his experience with some of his friends' experiences, Duane concluded that he was stopped mainly because of his ethnicity rather than the taillight. In which stage of ethnic identity development does Duane appear to be in?

Ethnic identity search

Tyrone's father was a professional football player. Ever since he was a toddler, Tyrone has wanted to play in the NFL just like his dad. Consequently, he accepts his father's advice about nutrition and weight training in order to achieve his goal. Tyrone exemplifies which of Marcia's identity statuses?

Foreclosure

Kohlberg would argue that an individual could not attain the postconventional level of moral development without being at which of Piaget's developmental stages?

Formal operational

Generally speaking, how do adolescent girls compare to adolescent boys regarding self-esteem and self-image?

Girls' self-esteem is a bit shakier than boys'.

Though his action violates school rules, Gregory participates in a sit-in to protest what he sees as unfair treatment of transgendered students. In which stage of moral reasoning would Kohlberg likely place Gregory?

Stage 5

Which of the following would Freud consider the most appropriate behavior in an adolescent?

Tamara very much enjoys spending time with her boyfriend, Brian.

Teens who attain Marcia's status of identify achievement also have which quality?

They are advanced in the development of logical thinking

Which of the following is most likely to be concerned about popularity?

Thirteen-year-old Rona

Why are adolescent identity crises perhaps more common in Western societies than in more traditional cultures?

Young people are encouraged to choose their own occupations

According to Erikson, an adolescent who successfully resolves the identity-versus-role-confusion conflict will achieve

a sense of personal individuality

In contrast with the self-concepts of young children, adolescent self-concepts are more

abstract.

Research has found that a critical issue in ethnic identify development for first-generation Asian Americans is

adapting to the individualistic pressures of North American culture.

According to Bem, an individual with both high masculinity and high femininity is said to be

androgynous.

Compared to peers whose bonds with parents are weaker, teens who are close to their parents

are less likely to use drugs.

At the very lowest level of Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning, people obey rules in order to

avoid punishment.

In American high schools, "jocks," "normals," and "brains" are examples of social structures called

in-groups

Teens who are aggressive often make poor moral decisions because they

lack empathy.

If 14-year-old Tia is at Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning, she will

obey the rules because she feels obligated to do so

A teenager's sense of well-being is most strongly correlated with the

quality of her relationship with parents.

The ways in which a person thinks about and describes herself is best defined as

self-concept.

Critics generally agree that Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning

underestimates the importance of culture.

The distinctions between Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning have mainly to do with

degree of internalization.

Carol Gilligan has criticized Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning for

failing to properly value the role of interpersonal relationships in moral development.

Compared to their parents in their own teenage years, today's adolescents

have a wider range of acquaintances