Chapter 12: Sections 3 and 4

The book Desiderius Erasmus wrote

"The Praise of Folly"

What did Desiderius Erasmus call his religious point of view?

"the philosophy of Christ". By this he meant that Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis.

The best known Christian humanist?

Desiderius Erasmus

Who was the main person that paved the way for Martin Luther's reform movement?

Desiderius Erasmus

Edict of Worms

When Charles V tells Martin Luther to recant his views or be excommunicated. In Janurary of 1521 Martin Luther was excommunicated

The Act of Supermacy

When King Henry VIII declared that he was the sole leader of the church

salvation

acceptance into heaven

Anabaptist beliefs

adult baptism, the consideration for all people to be equal, complete separetion from church and state, and they are pacifists.

What did Desiderius Erasmus not feel was important in the medieval perception of religion?

relics, pilgramages, and fasts

Transubstantiation

the Catholic belief that when the Eucharist is being consecrated it becomes the body and blood of Christ

What is Luther's belief that only this is the source of religious truth?

the bible

Ignatious Loyola

the founder of the jesuits, they enforced education

Christian Humanism

the major movement to reform the Catholic Church, Christian humanists believe in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves. They thought that if people read the classics, especially basic works of Christianity, they would become more pious. This inner piety, or inward religious feeling, would bring about a reform of the church and society. Christian humanists believed that in order to change society, first you must have to change humans.

annul

to declare a divide

Was Lutheranism individualistic?

yes

What did the Peace of Ausburg really mean?

That the unity of Christianity is lost for forever

Why did Lutheranism become successful?

The Holy Roman Empire was made up of the emperor and many local leaders. In Germany many of those local leaders decided to assert their power and agreed with Luther.

Who was Julius II?

The fiery "warrior-pope" that personally led armies against his enemies.

What is the chief teaching of the Protestant reformation?

The justification of having faith along could take one to salvation

Author of "Utopia"

Thomas More

recant

to take back

Ninety-five theses

A paper that Martin Luther wrote that had his 95 issues with the Catholic Church. Some of which included Papal bulls, indulgences, and transubsantiation. This was printed and sent all over Germany. Pope Leo X did not take this seriously but later tensions rose.

Peace of Augsburg

A rule that was passed that basically said that whatever religion the ruler of a certain area was, the people that lived there had to follow

indulgence

According to the Catholic Church practice at the time, through veneration of a relic a person could gain a release from all or part of punishment for sin.

What did John Calvin believe?

Calvin agreed with Luthers beliefs but he also thought that God was all powerful. He also believed in predestination.

What religion replaced Lutheranism by the mid-sixteenth century?

Calvinism

What occurred during the Catholic Reformation?

Council of Trent, Loyola and the Jesuits, and the inquisition

What was written in "The Praise of Folly" by Desiderius Erasmus?

He criticized the aspects of society that he believed most needed reform. He singled out monks for special treatment. He sought reform in the Catholic Church, but he did not wish to break away from it.

What was Thomas More's involvement with the Chruch of England?

He spoke up against King Henry VIII and was killed

What did Ulrich Zwlingli belive?

He wanted relics and images abolished. He was a literalist.

What was Martin Luther's occupation before the reformation?

He was a Catholic monk and a professor at the University of Wittenburg

What happened to Ulrich Zwlingli when the war between the Catholics and Protestants broke out?

He was wounded in the battlefield and his enemies cut him up and burned the pieces

How did the Renaissance help Martin Luther's reform be successful?

Humanism and the education of many people

What book did John Calvin write?

Institutes of the Christian Religion

Lutheranism

Martin Luther's doctrine

Was the English Reformation a misnomer?

No, the church (episcopalian) is the same as the Catholic church. Just with a different leader.

How did Luther believe people were granted salvation?

Not through good works, but through faith.

Johann Tetzel

Person who sold indulgences

What aided Martin Luther's reform to occur?

Political instability in the Holy Roman Empire

predestination

The belief that God has a predetermined path for everyone

Bloody Mary

The daughter of Catherine of Argon, Mary took the throne. She was Catholic and persecuted Protestants. She killed 300 of them and by the time of her reign England was more Protestant.

Why had the popes failed to meet the Churches spiritual need?

The popes were in charge of the Catholic Church, but they were also the leaders of the Papal States. Most of the time they were more concerned with the Italian politics and worldly interests than spiritual matters.

Why is what Luther did a reformation and the printing press a revolution?

The printing press changed the complete way of life while Martin Luther just adjusted Catholicism

What was the Modern Devotion?

The stressing of the need to follow Jesus' teachings.

What occurred in Geneva with John Calvin?

The unification of church and state. It became the center for Protestantism. Many missions were sent out from here.

The English Reform

This occurred when King Henry VIII wanted to get divorced from his wife Catherine of Argon. When the archbishop of Canterbury (Thomas Cranmer) and the pope did not annul his marriage he made his own.

Council of Trent

a council that was created to reflect on the Catholic beliefs and to see if the Protestants were right about what they were saying. Nothing really came from it

Inquisition

a court that was created to see if people were really Catholic. Most people were assumed guilty and were killed

Papal bulls

a decree/ letter sent out by the pope that forbade or said something that Catholics had to abide by