Chapter 12 US History

Sharecropping

A system in which landowners provided farmers with housing and supplies in exchange for a share of the crop raised.

The Radical Republicans rejected the Ten ercent Plan because they believed that

African Americans should be granted full citizenship.

In the years immediately following the Civil WAr, the South

Became a stronghold of the Republican Party.

How did literacy rates in the South benefit carpetbaggers?

Carpetbaggers with just a basic education had many career opportunities.

What action did Congress take to support Southern African Americans?

Congress overturned Johnson's vetoes on major Reconstruction legislation.

Fifteenth Amendment

Constitutional provision forbidding any state to deny suffrage on the basis of race, color, or previous condition.

How did Hayes's election effectively end Reconstruction?

Federal intervention ended in the South.

During his presidency, Ulysses S. Grant

Gave high-level advisory posts to untrustworty friends and acquaintances.

Who ran against Grant in 1872 as the Liberal Republican Party candidate?

Hrace Greely.

One success of Reconstruction was the

Introduction of a tax-supported public school system in the South.

Which event led the House of Representatives to impeach President Johnson

Johnson's attempt to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton

Which of the following was a key problem with the sharecropping system?

Landowners could lie about expenses to keep sharecroppers in debt.

Black Codes

Laws that sought to limit the rights of African Americans.

Enforcement Acts

Legislation making it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's right to vote.

Wade-Davis Bill

Legislation requiring a majority of a state's prewar voters to swear loyalty to the Union before restoration could begin.

The Republican Party became strong in the South, in part because

Millions of Southern African American men became voters.

Carpetbaggers

Northerners who moved South to improve their economic or political situation.

Freedmen's Bureau

Organization that provided food, clothing, healthcare, and education for Southern refugees.

Ku Klux Klan

Organization that used violence to intimidate people.

Southern Democrats appealed to small farmers by

Pointing out that building roads and schools resulted in higher taxes.

During Reconstruction, most African American families in the South

Remained in rural areas, where they worked at jobs such as lumbering or farming.

During the 1870s, Supreme Court decisions

Restricted the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment.

One of President Lincoln's first major goals for Reconstruction was to

Reunify the nation.

What did Republicans gain from the Compromise of 1877?

Rutherford B. Hayes became president.

Redeemers

Southern polititions who worked to unite white Southernewrs to regain power in congress.

The Ten Percent Plan required that

Ten percent of a state's voters take a loyalty oath to the Union.

What was the outcome of the impeachment proceedings against President Johnson?

The House impeached the president, but the Senate failed to remove him by one vote.

By the end of the Civil WAr,

The South's economy had been destroyed.

Which idea was part of Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

The Southern states had never really left the Union.

Compromise of 1877

The agreement that led to the withdrawl of federal troops from the South.

Why was a plan for Reconstruction of the South needed?

The constitution provided no guidance on secession or readmission of states.

By the end of the 1860s, Northern support for Reconstruction had faded because

The cost of military operations in the South worried many people.

What did the Enforcement Act of 1870 make illegal?

The use of force or coercian to prevent citizens from voting.

During Reconstruction, groups such as the Ku Klux Klan

Used violence to prevent freed people from voting.

How were violators of the ENforcement Act of 1870 punished?

Violators were not punished, which limited the act's effectiveness.

What did Johnson require states to do to regain membership in the Union?

Voters had to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment, and state constitutions had to ban slavery.

President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction required

Wealthy planters and Confederate leaders to apply for pardons.

In the system of share-tenancy, farmworkers

had more control over thier crops and supplies than was true in sharecropping.