Chapter 12. Using Language

Rank the following terms, from the most concrete first to the most abstract last. A. transportation B. luxury cars C. automobiles D. vehicles with wheels E. Jaguars

E. Jaguars B. luxury cars C. automobiles D. vehicles with wheels A. transportation

When Mary Fisher said, "Though I am white and a mother, I am one with a black infant struggling with tubes in Philadelphia hospital. Though I am female and contracted this disease in marriage and enjoy the warm support of my family, I am one with the lonely gay man sheltering a flickering candle from the cold wind of his family's rejection." What strategies for language use did she employ? A. parallelism B. repetition C. rhythm D. simile

A. parallelism B. repetition C. rhythm

The language chosen by a speaker must be appropriate to ____.? Select all that apply. A. topic B. audience C. occasion D. speaker

A. topic B. audience C. occasion D. speaker

What guidelines for effective language use did Renee violate when she said, "Your child's teacher must be aware of any problems at home if you expect him to do his job"? A. avoid connotative language B. avoid generic "he" C. avoid denotative language D. avoid stereotyping jobs by gender

B. avoid generic "he" D. avoid stereotyping jobs by gender

In his speech on concerts, Dan referred to the overture, (which comes at the beginning of a performance,) as being at the end of the performance. What mistake did he make? A. he did not use concrete words B. he did not use language accurately C. he did not use repetition D. he did not use language vividly

B. he did not use language accurately

What method of creating imagery did Jeremy use when he said, "The woman's elderly fingers were thin gnarled branches, twisting oddly from the stem of her palms." A. simile B. metaphor C. parallelism D. antithesis

B. metaphor

What methods for creating rhythm did Bill Clinton use when he said, "Somewhere at this very moment a child is being born in America. Let it be our cause to give that child a happy home, a healthy family, and a hopeful future." (emphasis added) A. antithesis B. parallelism C. metaphor D. alliteration

B. parallelism D. alliteration

Speakers should speak crisply, elimination ____ adjectives and adverbs. A. simple B. redundant C. isolated

B. redundant

Which of the following did Winston Churchill use when he said, "We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender." A. antithesis B. repetition C. simile D. alliteration

B. repetition

In her speech, Vanessa stated, "It is important that as leaders we are not autonomous, alienated, or individualistic in our approach to tentative decision-making processes." What mistake did she make in her language choice?" A. she used too much alliteration B. she did not emphasize clear, familiar language C. she did not emphasize abstract language D. she used too much imagery E. she used too many silimies

B. she did not emphasize clear, familiar language

Rank the following terms, from the most concrete first to the most abstract last. A. meal B. skim milk C. sustenance D. dairy product

B. skim milk D. dairy product A. meal C. sustenance

What guideline for effective language did Kathy violate when she referred to her cousin, who is a little person, as a "midget"? A. use denotative language B. use names that groups use to identify themselves C. use language appropriate to the topic D. use language appropriate to the speaker

B. use names that groups use to identify themselves

What method for creating rhythm did Julia use when she said, "The sadness of her youth led to the youthfulness of her old age." A. rhyme B. repetition C. antithesis D. simile

C. antithesis

What rule of good language use did Ari break when he quoted articles 1, section 9, of the U.S. Constitution to his class without further explanation: "The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed." A. he did not use language accurately B. he used language with connotation C. he did not use language clearly D. he did not use familiar words

C. he did not use language clearly D. he did not use familiar words

What method for making a speech more vivid did Sylvia use when she said, "He had a sharp little nose, thrust forward like a dagger." A. metaphor B. parallelism C. simile D. antithesis

C. simile

What principle of language use did Jeri violate when she said to her class, "Man continues to enjoy his place in the universe"? A. avoid stereotyping of jobs by gender B. use language clearly C. use language appropriately to the occasion D. avoid using "man" when referring to both men and women

D. avoid using "man" when referring to both men and women

In her speech, Helen said, "When the fireman got to the burning home, the flames were leaping 10 feet above the roof." What language error did Helen make? A. she did not use imagery B. she used off-color language C. she used familiar words D. she stereotyped all firefighters as men

D. she stereotyped all firefighters as men

Which guideline for language use did Guy fulfill when he said, "Authority is a chair, it needs legs to stand up," in his speech on leadership? A. use inclusive language B. use language accurately C. use abstract words D. use language vividly

D. use language vividly

The meaning of a word that elicits an emotional response from a listener is the word's ____ meaning.

connotative

A word's dictionary or literal meaning (without emotional associations) is its ____ meaning.

denotative

To make your speech clear to your audience, use plain talk: short words with which the audience will be ____.

familiar

Inclusive language is language that does not stereotype or demean people on the basis of A. disability B. gender C. age D. sexual orientation

A. disability B. gender C. age D. sexual orientation

The statement, "The guy said your vehicle would be ready in a while after a small problem is fixed," illustrates which of the following language problems? A. the language uses unfamiliar words B. the language is not concrete C. the language is not appropriate D. the language is not abstract enough

B. the language is not concrete

Which of the following would call for simple, straightforward language appropriate to the topic? A. an explanation for making lasagna B. instructing a group with diabetes how to take insulin C. a eulogy for a close friend at a memorial service D. a toast at a friend's wedding

A. an explanation for making lasagna B. instructing a group with diabetes how to take insulin

What guideline for using language effectively is violated in the statement, "Man should be thankful that our planet continues to produce the natural resources needed for survival"? A. avoid using "man" when referring to both men and women B. use language vividly C. use concrete language D. use names that groups use to identify themselves

A. avoid using "man" when referring to both men and women

You can add imagery to your speeches by including which of the following? A. similes B. technical C. concrete words D. metaphors

A. similes C. concrete words D. metaphors