Chapter 13 - Blood Vessels & Circulation
Your patient's blood pressure is 150/99. How would you explain to your patient what the numbers mean?
Both numbers are high. There is an increase in blood pressure even when the ventricles are relaxed.
pacemaker is located
SA node in wall of right atrium
take blood AWAY from heart
arteries/arterioles
fluid moves OUT of capillary and INTO interstitial fluid
at arterial end of capillary
fluid moves INTO capillary and OUT of interstitial fluid
at venous end of capillary
separate atria and ventricles; prevents the backflow of blood; papillary muscle pull on chordae tendinae
atrioventricular valves
The force that tends to reabsorb or pull water back into a capillary is called ________ pressure.
blood osmotic
caused by suspended blood proteins that are too large to cross capillary walls
blood osmotic pressure
The vessel that supplies blood to the muscles of the upper arm, before branching to create vessels that supply the forearm, is the ________ artery.
brachial
The vessels that permit exchange of materials between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluid are termed
capillaries
where veins and arteries meet; thin walls help gas exchange
capillaries
The force that pushes fluid out of the capillaries is called ________.
capillary hydrostatic pressure
brings blood back on heart to R atrium via coronary sinus
cardiac veins
Baroreceptors that function in maintaining adequate blood flow to the brain are located in the
carotid sinus
arteriole
controls blood pressure
provide hear muscle cells with blood; bring O2 & nutrients & take away CO2 & waste products
coronary arteries
Which of the following would increase the rate of blood flow?
decrease in blood viscosity
venule
drains tissues
inner layer of heart wall w/ endothelium and loose connective tissue
endocardium
outer layer of heart wall w/ epithelium and loose connective tissue
epicardium
3 parts of the heart wall
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Which hormone is released by the kidneys when blood pressure falls or the oxygen content of the blood becomes abnormally low?
erythropoietin
driven by hydrostatic pressure; water & small solutes forced thru capillary wall, leaves larger solutes in bloodstream
filtration
What is the very long vein on the medial side of the leg that is frequently used in bypass surgeries?
great saphenous
forces water OUT of a solution
hydrostatic pressure
The vessel that receives most of the blood from organs inferior to the diaphragm is the
inferior vena cava
brings deoxygenated blood AWAY from the brain
jugular veins
vein
largest lumen
pumps oxygenated blood
left pump of the heart
The celiac trunk provides blood to the
liver and spleen
capillary
most permeable
middle layer of heart wall w/ cardiac muscle tissue
myocardium
The inferior vena cava would receive blood from the _____________________ whereas the superior vena cava would receive blood from the ________________________.
organs inferior the diaphragm; upper limbs and head
movement of water across membrane
osmosis
forces water INTO solution
osmotic pressure
dense fibrous layer, loose connective tissue, epithelium
parietal pericardium
pumps deoxygenated blood
right pump of heart
separate ventricles from pulmonary artery/aorta; prevent backflow of blood
semilunar valves
The internal iliac artery supplies the ________.
smaller arteries of the pelvis
The instrument used to measure blood pressure is the ________.
sphygmomanometer
Which of the following is the top number in a blood pressure reading?
systolic pressure
The term blood pressure refers to the pressure in ________ of the cardiovascular system.
the arterial vessels
artery
thickest wall
The layer of the blood vessel that contains smooth muscle is the __________.
tunica media
brings blood back
veins/venules
An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the
vertebral
