Chapter 13 Inquizitive: Western Expansion and Southern Secession

In his inaugural address on March 4, 1861, Lincoln made many pledges. Identify some of these promises made by the president-elect.

*He pledged not to obstruct the institution of slavery in states where it existed. *He pledged to defend Fort Sumter. *Lincoln insisted that the Union was "perpetual" and that no state could lawfully leave the Union.

What was the Wilmot Proviso, and how did it impact the national debate over slavery?

*It claimed that if any new territory should be acquired from Mexico, slavery would be banned in that new land. *It reignited the debate over the status of slavery in the West.

How did describing America's aggressive spirit of westward expansion as "manifest destiny" impact the way Americans viewed western settlement?

*It helped persuade Americans that their nation had the right to territory spanning from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. *The phrase intertwined the nationalist desire to expand with the necessary religious justification.

Who adopted the constitution for the Confederate States of America, and what did the document mandate?

*It outlawed tariffs and federal funding for internal improvements. *It insisted that slavery as an institution be "recognized and protected". *It was endorsed by representatives of the seceding states, all but one of whom were slave owners.

Which of the following statements accurately describe conditions experienced by women as they traveled west in the Great Migration of the 1830s and 1840s? *Married couples divorced in high rates. *Many women found the trip west agonizing. *Exercise and fresh air meant that women and children were healthier as they traveled west. *Women were responsible solely for domestic chores, while men took care of the heavy labor.

*Many women found the trip west agonizing. *Married couples divorced in high rates.

Identify the provisions laid out by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo at the end of the Mexican-American War.

*Mexico renounced all claims to Texas north of the Rio Grande. Mexico also transferred California to the United States. *The United States paid the government of Mexico $15 million.

Identify the factors that contributed to the tensions surrounding the Mexican-American War.

*On May 9, 1845, Mexican forces attacked U.S. troops killing eleven. *The Mexican government did not recognize the U.S. annexation of Texas as legal or legitimate. *Americans in the South were heavily in favor of an expansionist war with Mexico. *President Polk ordered several thousand troops to advance to positions around Corpus Christi, in what previously had been Mexican Texas.

What did the presidential nominating conventions for the 1860 election reveal about political attitudes based on geography?

*Opinions tended to be more radical in the Northeast and the Lower South. *Border states tended to be more moderate.

Identify the events that took place in Kansas as a result of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

*Rival groups, both pro-slavery and anti-slavery, attempted to gain political control of the territory and recruited emigrants to move to Kansas. *In the 1855 election, individuals from Missouri entered into Kansas and illegally elected pro-slavery legislatures. *Free-state advocates met in Topeka, drafted a free-state constitution, and applied for statehood.

What can be suggested about the Battle of the Alamo?

*The American rebels were outnumbered. *The battle was fought at sunrise. *Fighting took place outside, beyond the walls of the Alamo.

How did the gold rush impact living conditions and society in California?

*The majority of California's Native American population died due to disease and violence by white settlers. *Miners often lived in lawless and violent temporary camps or shantytowns. *The population soared, as hundreds of thousands of Americans, along with tens of thousands from other parts of the world, migrated to California.

Identify the significance of Uncle Tom's Cabin in the abolitionist movement.

*The novel epitomizes the religious foundation of the abolition movement. *Stowe's novel shows the harsh realities of slavery and how they impacted everyone associated with it.

What impact did Spanish, and later Mexican, colonization have on the Indians living in California?

*Under Spanish colonialism, between 1769 and 1821, the Indian population along the California coast declined from 72,000 to 18,000. *Indians were stripped of their heritage on Spanish missions and exploited as cheap farm laborers on Mexican ranchos.

Identify the statements that describe the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854).

*controversial legislation that created two new territories taken from Native Americans--Kansas and Nebraska *In these territories, resident males would be able to decide whether slavery would be allowed.

Identify the statements that accurately describe the new Republican party.

*created when the "conscience Whigs" joined with anti-slavery Democrats and Free-Soilers *dedicated to the exclusion of slavery from the western territories

In 1850, a Georgia congressman declared, "I avow before this House and country, and in the presence of the living God that if by your legislation you seek to drive us [slaveholders] from the territories of California and New Mexico...I am for disunion." What does this quotation reveal about relations between the North and the South?

*the frustration of southerners regarding the free status of California and New Mexico *the sincerity of the southern threat to leave the Union if Taylor's plan was implemented

The Compromise of 1850 was made up of eight distinct resolutions that were intended to reduce tensions over slavery between the North and the South. Identify some of these resolutions.

*to admit California as a free state *to retain slavery in the District of Columbia *to deny Texas its extreme claim to much of New Mexico

Put in chronological order the following events that led to the Texas Revolution. *General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna declares himself a dictator and imprisons Stephen Austin. *Mexican officials outlaw further immigration from the United States. *Stephen Austin calls for Texans to revolt: "The sword is drawn!" *The flood of Americans into Texas leads to clashes with Indians and Mexican officials. *Americans eagerly begin to settle in Stephen Austin's Anglo "colony" in east Texas.

1. Americans eagerly begin to settle in Stephen Austin's Anglo "colony" in east Texas. 2. The flood of Americans into Texas leads to clashes with Indians and Mexican officials. 3. Mexican officials outlaw further immigration from the United States. 4. General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna declares himself a dictator and imprisons Stephen Austin. 5. Stephen Austin calls for Texans to revolt: "The sword is drawn!"

Place in chronological order the events related to American settlement in northern Mexico. *John Tyler becomes president of the United States after William Henry Harrison dies a month into his term from pneumonia. *Mexico gains independence from Spain. *The Mexican army defeats Texan rebels at the Battle of the Alamo. *Texas declares independence from Mexico.

1. Mexico gains independence from Spain. 2. The Mexican army defeats Texan rebels at the Battle of the Alamo. 3. Texas declares independence from Mexico. 4. John Tyler becomes president of the United States after William Henry Harrison dies a month into his term from pneumonia.

Place in chronological order the events related to the timeline of the Mexican-American War. *General Taylor scores early victories over Mexican forces at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. *Mexico City falls. *The United States annexes California. *The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed. *The Mexican government severs diplomatic relations with the United States over the annexation of Texas.

1. The Mexican government severs diplomatic relations with the United States over the annexation of Texas. 2. General Taylor scores early victories over Mexican forces at Palo alto and Resaca de la Palma. 3. The United States annexes California. 4. Mexico City falls. 5. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed.

The __________ Gold Rush was the greatest mass migration in American history and one of the most important events in the first half of the nineteenth century. The infusion of gold into the U.S. economy contributed to the financial support of the _________ during the Civil War. The gold rush also helped develop the booming city of _________, which became the largest city west of Chicago.

California; Union military; San Francisco

The _________ case began with a suit filed in the Missouri courts by a man named Scott who was born into slavery and claimed that residence in Illinois made him free because slavery was _________ there. A jury decided _______ Scott, but the state Supreme Court disagreed. The Case went to the U.S. Supreme Court where President Buchanan pressured a judge to rule against Scott. The result was 7-2 ______ Scott, claiming no former enslaved person could be an American citizen.

Dred Scott; outlawed; in favor of; against

True or false: The eight resolutions presented to Congress by Henry Clay to resolve the "controversy between the free and slave states, growing out of the subject of slavery" had a few controversial points, but the Compromise of 1850 was adopted surprisingly quickly, after only a few months of debate.

False

True or false: The fracturing of the Democratic party made a Republican victory in 1860 virtually impossible.

False

True or false: The lower southern states cited various grievances against the federal government as reasons for seceding. They chose to leave out the issue of slavery in order to gain legitimacy from the Union.

False

True or false: The majority of American settlers who traveled west to California did so by sea during the 1830s and 1480s, leading up to the discovery of gold in 1848.

False

True or false: The term Bleeding Kansas referring to the purging of anti-slavery members from the state legislature following the election of 1855.

False

True or false: Throughout the United States--in the North, the South, and the West--Americans were uniformly in favor of an expansionist war with Mexico.

False

A young Abraham Lincoln transitioned politically from the Whig party to the Republican party. Identify the reason for Lincoln making this change.

He claimed that the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act changed his views on slavery.

Identify how South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun countered the Wilmot Proviso.

He insisted that the proviso violated the Fifth Amendment, as it would deprive slave owners of their right to life, liberty, and property, since enslaved people were considered property at the time.

Identify whether the following opinions would have been expressed by Abraham Lincoln or Stephen Douglas during the Lincoln-Douglas debates. *I am focused on principle. *My opponent is only interested in "process" or "popular sovereignty." *America can exist as half free and half slave. *The American government can't exist as half free and half slave.

Lincoln *I am focused on principle. *The American government can't exist as half free and half slave. My opponent is only interested in "process" or "popular sovereignty." Douglas *America can exist as half free and half slave.

Drag and drop the following components of their political platforms in the 1856 election to the corresponding parties. *Republican *Democratic *a pro-slavery stance *territorial expansion *federal funding for transportation *an anti-slavery stance

Republican *an anti-slavery stance *federal funding for transportation Democratic *a pro-slavery stance *territorial expansion

Who was the leading promoter of American settlement in Texas?

Stephen Fuller Austin

True or false: The Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty resolved the outstanding border dispute with Great Britain over the Oregon Territory by extending the border between British Canada and the United States along the 49th parallel all the way to the Pacific coast.

True

During the Tyler administration, a number of controversial political policies alienated the president from many segments of American political society. What groups remained supportive of President Tyler's policies?

advocates of westward expansion

In the late 1830s, only a very small number of settlers ventured to the Oregon Territories of the Far Northwest, which included regions that would eventually become Oregon, Idaho, Washington, Wyoming, Montana, and British Columbia. By 1843, however, reports of ________ turned this trickle of settlers into a massive movement westward. Families began the journey in Missouri and traveled via ________ along the ________. The 2,000-mile journey through the Great Plains and the ________ crossed Indian-held land and took an average of _________.

fertile land; wagon trains; Oregon Trail; Rocky Mountains; six months

In the midst of the ________ southern states, Congress was desperate to reach an agreement in order to avoid ________. A series of resolutions permitting slavery in new ________ territories south of the Missouri Compromise line were proposed but soon after rejected by President-elect Abraham Lincoln. The Senate defeated the ________ but failed at peace talks several weeks later. This was the extent of Republican efforts to save the Union.

secession of; civil war; western; Crittenden Compromise