Chapter 13 Part 1

• Who questioned President Polk's right to declare war by introducing a resolution to Congress requesting that the president specify the precise spot where blood had first been shed?

Abraham Lincoln

• During the 1850s, 80 percent of the world's gold came from two places that experienced gold rushes at about the same time, California and:

Australia

• In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot proposed to:

prohibit slavery from all territory acquired from Mexico.

• Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren rejected adding Texas to the United States because:

the presence of slaves there would re-ignite the issue of slavery, and they preferred to avoid it.

• The Free Soil Party:

Demonstrated that antislavery sentiment had spread far beyond abolitionist ranks.

• American settlement in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s:

Led Stephen Austin to demand more autonomy from Mexican officials.

• Which American naval officer negotiated a treaty that opened two Japanese ports to U.S. ships in 1854?

Matthew Perry.

• The term "Californios" referred in the 1830s and 1840s to __________ in California

Mexican cattle ranchers

• "Fifty-four forty or fight" referred to demands for American control of:

Oregon.

• According to John L. O'Sullivan's Democratic Review, what was the key to the history of nations and the rise and fall of empires?

Race.

• The California gold rush:

Resulted in laws that discriminated against "foreign miners."

• Which of the following countries did NOT go through some kind of popular upheaval in 1848?

Russia

• The California gold rush turned __________ into perhaps the world's most diverse city

San Francisco

• Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s?

Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave.

• The political impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act:

The Whig Party collapsed, and many disgruntled northerners joined the new Republican Party.

• Which of the following statements related to ethnicity was true in California in the 1850s?

Thousands of Indian children were declared orphans and treated as slaves.

• Stephen Douglas's motivation for introducing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was to:

boost efforts to build a transcontinental railroad.

• Provisions of the Compromise of 1850:

California would enter the Union as a free state. The slave trade, but not slavery itself, would be abolished in the nation's capital. A stringent new law would allow southerners to reclaim runaway slaves. And the status of slavery in the remaining territories acquired from Mexico would be left to the decision of the local white inhabitants.

• The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 provided for all:

EXCEPT U.S. control of all of the Oregon Country

• During the Mexican War:

For the first time, the U.S. troops occupied a foreign capital.

• With the exception of Alaska, what was the last piece of territory acquired by the United States toward the solidification of its present boundaries in North America?

Gadsden Purchase

• The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850:

Gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement.

• Which two political figures agreed to keep the issue of annexing Texas out of the 1844 presidential campaign if possible? • When Democrats demanded the "reannexation" of Texas in 1844, they:

Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren.

• Who wrote On Civil Disobedience as a response to the U.S. war with Mexico?

Henry David Thoreau

• James Polk had four clearly defined goals when he entered the White House. Which was NOT one of his goals?

His goals: To reduce the tariff, reestablish the independent Treasury system, settle the dispute over ownership of Oregon, and bring California into the Union. --SETTLE THE SLAVERY DISPUTE

• In 1821, the opening of the Santa Fe Trail between Santa Fe and __________ led to a reorientation of New Mexico's commerce from the rest of Mexico to the United States

Independence, Missouri

• Under the constitution and state laws of independent Texas:

It allowed Native Americans to have equal rights

• When Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821:

Its Indian population was relatively large compared to its non-Indian population.

• Why did Mississippi politician Jefferson Davis object in the 1850s to the original design of the Statue of Freedom that now adorns the U.S. Capitol dome?

Its use of an ancient Roman liberty cap on "Freedom" raised a touchy matter about slaves' longing for freedom.