CHAPTER 13 PART 1
The heart pumps ___ of blood through the body per day.
7,00 liters
About ____ of the blood entering the ventricles does so prior to atrial contraction.
70%
The ____ enters the upper portion of the interventricular septum and divides into branches that lie just beneath the endocardium.
AV bundle
The ____ privides the only normal conduction pathway between the atria and the ventricles.
AV node
The _____ provides the only normal conduction pathway between the atria and the ventricles.
AV node
The ____ ensure one way blood flow from atria to ventricles
AV valves
In the ECG the ____ show contraction of the atria.
P wave
A normal ECG includes the P wave Correct. , ___ and ____
P wave QRS complex T wave
In the ECG, the ____ corresponds to contraction of the ventricles.
QRS complex
The ___ is called the pacemaker of the heart.
SA node
Without stimulation from nerve fibers or any other outside agent, the ___ cells initiate impulses that spread to the myocardium stimulating contraction.
SA node
In the ECG the ___ show ventricular relaxation
T waves
Blood leaving the left ventricle and entering the aorta passes through the __
aortic semilunar valve
From the left ventricle blood is pumped thorugh the ___ into the ___
aortic semilunar valve aorta
The ventricles contract to force blood out of the heart into ____
arteries
The __ receive blood returning to the heart
atria
The heart is divides into hollow chambers, the upper chambers are called ___
atria
About 30% of blood is pushed into the ventricles by ___
atrial contraction
The QRS complex hides ___
atrial relaxation
___ valves separate the atrium from the ventricles
atrioventricular
The ___ is located in the inferior portion of the septum separating the atria just beneath the endocardium.
atrioventricular node
Each atrium has an earlike projection, called an _____ which increases the capacity of the atrium.
auricle
The ____ or mitral valve Incorrect. valve, separates the left atrium and left ventricle.
bucuspid mitral valve
The pulmonary arteries become ___ which surround the aveoli Incorrect. of the lungs where ___ and ___ are exchanged.
capillaries carbon dioxide oxygen
The atria contract while the ventricles relax, the ventricles contract while the atria relax, followed by a short period in which both are relaxed --- this series of events is caled the ___
cardiac cycle
Strong fibrous cords, called ___, attach to the cusps of the valves on the ventricular side.
chordae tendineae
The first two branches of the aorta are the ___
coronary arteries
Rings of ____ provide attachment of heart valves, for muscle fibers and to prevent the outlets from dilating during contraction of the ventricles.
dense connective tissue
The right atrium and right ventricle only receive ___
deoxygenated blood
Relaxation of the heart chambers is called ___
diastole
The ____sound occurs during ventricular relaxation when the semilunar valves are closing.
dub
An _____ is a recording of the electrical changes that occcur in the myocardium during the cardiac cycle.
electrocardiogram
The inner layer of the heart, or ___ consists of epitahelium with elastin and collagen fibers.
endocardium
The ____ protects the heart by reducing friction.
epicardium
The outer wall of the heart, the _____ corresponds to the visceral pericardium.
epicardium
The visceral pericardium is also known as the _
epicardium
The endocardium is continuous with the ___ of blood vessels attached to the heart.
inner lining
The heart extends downward and to the ___ with the apex at the level of the fifth ___
left intercostal space
Blood passes through the bicuspid valve into the ___
left ventricle
The ____ sound occurs when the AV valves are closing during ventricular contraction.
lubb
The coronary sinus brings blood back to the right ventricle from the ____
myocardium
The middle layer of the heart, consisting of thick cardiac muscle, is called the ____
myocardium
The left atrium and left ventricle only receive __
oxygenated blood
The ____ contract as the ventricles contract pulling on the chordae tendineae preventing the cusps from swinging back into the atrium.
papillary muscles
The chordae tendineae originate from small musclular projections, called ___ ,on the ventricular wall.
papillary muscles
The _____ forms the inner lining of the fibrous pericardium.
parietal pericardium
Between the parietal and visceral layers is a space, the ___, that contains a small amount of serous fluid.
pericardial cavity
The ____ encloses the heart and the blood vessels.
pericardium
The ______ consists of an outer fibrous bag and a more delicate double layered sac.
pericardium
The _____ sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
pulmonary circuit
When the right ventricle contracts blood is forced through the ____ into the ____ which branches into the pulmonary arteries
pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary trunk
Blood leaving the right ventricle enters the ___ which divides to form the ___ and ___ that lead to the lung Incorrect. .
pulmonary trunk right left pulmonary artery
The ___ carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs back to the left atrium.
pulmonary veins
About half way down the septum the AV bundle branches give rise to enlarged ___
purkinje fibers
____ stimulate the walls of the ventricles to contract with a twisting motion to squeeze blood out of the ventricles.
purkinje fibers
____spread from the septum into the papillary muscles and continue down the septum into the lateral walls of the ventricles.
purkinje fibers
The serous fluid of the pericardial cavity ___ between the pericardial membranes as the heart moves.
reduces friction
The _ has a thinner wall than the _ because it only pumps blood a short distance
right ventricle left ventricle
The base of the heart lies beneath the ___
second rib
Blood leaving the heart through the pulmonary trunk or the aorta must first pass through ___
semilunar valves
A wall like ____ separates the atria and ventricles on the right side from the atria and ventricles on the left side
septum
The __ is a mass of speciaized tissue just beneath the epicardium in the right atrium near he opening of the superior vena cava.
sinoatrial node
The cardiac conducting system consists of the ___ , ____ , and ___
sinoatrial node atrioventricular node impulse
Between the ECG cycles there is a ______
straight base line
Deoxygenated blood returning to the heart will be carried to the right artium by the ___ , a ___ , and ___
superior and inferior vena cava small vain coronary sinus
Contraction of the heart chambers is called ___
systole
The ___ separates the right atrium and the right ventricle
tricuspid valve
The ____ has three flaps, or cusps and the ____ has two flaps
tricuspid valve bicuspid
The semilunar valves prevent the backflow of blood into the ____ once it has been pumped out of the heart.
ventricles
The two lower heart chambers are called ____
ventricles
At the base of the heart, the ____ pericardium folds back on itself to become the ____ pericardium.
visceral parietal
the innermost layer of the delicate sac covering the heart is the _____
visceral pericardium
