Chapter 13 Practice Questions

Which of the following statements regarding prevention of malaria is TRUE? DDT is still commonly used in the United States to kill mosquitoes The United States still has over 4,000 deaths from malaria annually A combination of preventative methods is most effective Low tech preventatives like mosquito nets are rarely effective at limiting bites Drug prevention is inexpensive and the best option in poor countries

A combination of preventative methods is most effective

The cancer in Maya's breasts have spread to her liver and lungs. This is an example of: A chronic disease that becomes an acute disease A local disease that becomes a systemic disease A primary disease that becomes a secondary disease. A systemic disease that becomes a local disease

A local disease that becomes a systemic disease

What is the difference between an acute disease and a chronic disease? An acute disease is confined to a certain area of the body, whereas a chronic disease affects the whole body An acute disease is short in duration, whereas a chronic disease develops long term An acute disease lasts a long time, whereas a chronic disease is short in duration An acute disease isn't associated with a previous illness, whereas a chronic disease is associated with a previous illness

An acute disease is short in duration, whereas a chronic disease develops long term

_____ occurs when a microbe acquires a gene that allows it to resist the effects of a drug. Infection Antibiotic resistance Placebo effect Virulence

Antibiotic resistance

Plasma cells are derived from: B cells Serum cells Red blood cells T cells Dendritic cells

B cells

Why does bird flu spread rapidly? Because more people are eating poultry. Because of an increase in bird travel by water. Because of altered bird migration routes. Because birds eat mosquitoes that breed in pools of water.

Because of altered bird migration routes.

The following answer choices are accurate statements? Both statements are accurate. Neither statement is accurate. A gene is a portion of DNA that when expressed, codes for a specific protein to be produced. DNA is a long chain of phosporus, lipids, and other chemicals, that when read and expressed, give an organism all of the characteristics that make it what it is.

Both statements are accurate.

A malignant neoplasm is also known as: Benign neoplasia Benign cancer Cancer Carcinoma in situ Benign tumor

Cancer

Which drug is capable of killing Plasmodium inside the red blood cells? Penicillin Primaquine Prednisone Metronidazole Chloroquine

Chloroquine

In order to cure patients of malaria, they must be given Quinine and chloroquine Chloroquine only Chloroquine and metronidazole Primaquine only Chloroquine and primaquine

Chloroquine and primaquine

Which of the following picks up an antigen and presents it to a T cell? Dendritic cell Plasma cell None of these answers is correct Dendrite Red blood cell

Dendritic cell

Which of the following is NOT a method for diagnosing polio? Examining secretions taken from the throat Examining stool samples Performing a spinal tap Doing an echocardiogram of the heart

Doing an echocardiogram of the heart

Which of the following statements about the period of convalescence is FALSE? During the convalescence stage, people return to their pre-illness state. During the period of convalescence, microbial replication slowly continues to occur. The disease can often still be transmitted to others during the convalescence stage. Some people die before reaching the period of convalescence.

During the period of convalescence, microbial replication slowly continues to occur.

Lice are an example of: Ectoparasites Fungi Endoparasites Bacteria

Ectoparasites

What does the XDR stand for in XDR tuberculosis? Evolved drug resistance Excellent drug resistor Extra deadly Extensively drug-resistant Extraneous drug resistance

Extensively drug-resistant

Ringworm is a disease caused by: Viruses Bacteria Fungi Worms

Fungi

Yeasts are a type of: Roundworm Bacteria Fungus Tapeworm

Fungus

How do bacteria evolve antibiotic resistance? In response to the selective pressure that antibiotic treatment puts on them By breaking down antibiotic molecules In response to the immune system By hiding from the immune system Through a random process that is unrelated to antibiotic treatment

In response to the selective pressure that antibiotic treatment puts on them

What is the term for a kind of protein formed when a cell is exposed to a virus, one that helps block viruses from infecting uninfected cells? T protein Lymphocyte Lymphokine Interferon B protein

Interferon

How does the poliovirus cause paralysis? It destroys the motor neurons in the central nervous system. It eats away at the muscles the provide mobility. It causes the receptors to misinterpret the signals from the central nervous system. It destroys several key blood vessels in the spinal cord.

It destroys the motor neurons in the central nervous system.

What does it mean when a disease-causing agent is parasitic? It is a living cell which kills the cells it comes in contact with. It lives and feeds off of a host organism. It only causes disease in animals, not humans. It is a virus.

It lives and feeds off of a host organism.

Which characteristic does Cancer NOT possess? It is poorly differentiated. It spreads around the body. It invades surrounding tissue. It grows quickly. It usually grows slowly.

It usually grows slowly.

What does MRSA stand for? Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Multi-resistant Streptococcus aureus Multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Multi-resistant Staphylococcus amoebus Methicillin-resistant Streptococcus aureus

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following does NOT occur during the period of illness? The disease becomes easily transmitted to others. The acme point is reached. The signs and symptoms of the disease are felt. Microbial replication is brought under control.

Microbial replication is brought under control.

Which of the following statements is true? Less people are coming into contact with animals, increasing the risk of spreading infectious diseases. More people are traveling by air, increasing the risk of spreading infectious diseases. There are less places for disease-carrying insects to breed, decreasing the risk of spreading infectious diseases. Shopping online drastically increases the risk of spreading infectious diseases.

More people are traveling by air, increasing the risk of spreading infectious diseases.

How do viruses and bacteria differ? Most viruses are larger than bacteria. Most viruses cause more harm than bacteria. Most bacteria cause more harm than viruses. Most bacteria are larger than viruses.

Most bacteria are larger than viruses.

What is the last 'step' or 'link' in the chain of infection? Portal of exit New host None of the answers are correct Reservoir Pathogen

New host

If you dye your hair purple can you pass on purple hair to your children? Possibly, if your child likes purple.. Possibly, if your spouse dyes their hair too. No, because the hair color you acquired was gained by dying your hair. Purple hair was not a trait you inherited. Yes, because it is now an physical trait you possess.

No, because the hair color you acquired was gained by dying your hair. Purple hair was not a trait you inherited.

The following statement is true. Genes are larger than the DNA itself. A gene is a spiral shaped material that always has mistakes that cause genetic disorders. None of these statements are true. Another name for DNA is ribonucleic acid.

None of these statements are true.

A benign tumor is: Composed of abnormal looking cells. One that doesn't spread around the body. Synonymous with carcinoma in situ. One that generally grows very quickly. One that typically invades surrounding tissues.

One that doesn't spread around the body.

An invading pathogen multiplies within your body prior to causing any signs or symptoms of disease. Which stage of disease development is this? Period of convalescence Period of incubation Period of illness Period of decline

Period of incubation

The process of engulfing and subsequently destroying a cell, microorganism, or any other substance by a cell that performs such a function is known as: Pac-Man destruction Lysis Hydrolysis Enzymatic digestion Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis

Malaria can still develop in patients that have been treated appropriately because Plasmodium in the blood stream can avoid being killed by the drugs No drugs can kill the parasites that pass through the blood brain barrier Gametocytes are not susceptible to drug treatments Plasmodium in the liver can avoid being killed by the drugs Plasmodium in the erythrocytes can avoid being killed by the drugs

Plasmodium in the liver can avoid being killed by the drugs

How can polio be treated in its paralytic stages? Polio symptoms can be alleviated with a good diet and pain-relievers, but there is no cure. Polio can be treated with steroids to increase muscle strength and prevent their further deterioration. Polio can be treated with an antiviral that helps reverse the symptoms. Polio can be treated with antibiotics.

Polio symptoms can be alleviated with a good diet and pain-relievers, but there is no cure.

You start to feel sick but have yet to experience the full onset of clinical signs and symptoms. Which stage of disease is this? Period of convalescence Period of illness Period of descent Prodromal period

Prodromal period

One of the BEST ways to break the chain of infection at the reservoir link is _____. Chlorination Quarantine A barrier method The chain of infection cannot be broken at the reservoir link. Pasteurization

Quarantine

Which of the following is NOT a 'link' in the chain of infection? Portal of exit Portal of entry Pathogen Receptacle Means of transmission

Receptacle

Which of the following is NOT a parasitic worm? Tapeworm Ringworm Roundworm Hookworm

Ringworm

What was the impact of Jonas Salk's research on polio? Salk developed a treatment that successfully kills the poliovirus. Salk developed the first successful polio vaccine. Salk was the first person to discover the virus. Salk discovered a treatment that helped relieve the symptoms of polio.

Salk developed the first successful polio vaccine

Which of the following is NOT a way for a pathogen to enter a new host? Penetration Inhalation Secretion Ingestion All answers are correct.

Secretion

The chain of infection is made up of how many links? Ten Five Six Eight Four

Six

Which of the following comparisons of primary disease and secondary disease is TRUE? A secondary disease is never as urgent as the primary disease Sometimes a secondary disease can arise without the presence of a primary disease Sometimes a secondary disease can turn into a more urgent problem than the primary disease A primary disease can never become a secondary disease

Sometimes a secondary disease can turn into a more urgent problem than the primary disease

Which of the following groups is an example of systemic diseases? The flu, bone cancer, an abscess The flu, high blood pressure, diabetes The flu, an ear infection, uterine fibroid tumors The flu, diabetes, a broken wrist

The flu, high blood pressure, diabetes

What is true about infectious diseases? The incidence of some infectious diseases is increasing due to environmental changes. Infectious diseases are transmitted from animals to humans only. Infectious diseases can only spread through water. Infectious diseases are only fatal for animals, not humans.

The incidence of some infectious diseases is increasing due to environmental changes.

A U.S. zoo that is home to a group of Western Lowland Gorillas receives a new gorilla from Cameroon. Three weeks later, one of the zoo's chimpanzees that resides in an enclosure next to the gorillas becomes ill and dies two weeks later. The rest of the zoo's chimpanzees are also sick with a virus which cannot be identified. However, none of the gorillas are sick. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? The new gorilla brought a virus that infects gorillas without causing disease, but is virulent to chimpanzees. The virus infected the gorillas and chimpanzees, but only the chimpanzees got sick since the virus is not a pathogen to gorillas. The new gorilla brought a virus to the zoo which the other gorillas were already immune to, but the chimpanzees were not immune to the virus and got sick. The chimpanzees caught a chimpanzee-specific virus from a different source. It was a coincidence that the chimpanzees got sick soon after the new gorilla arrived from Cameroon. The new gorilla brought a virus from Cameroon that only infects chimpanzees.

The new gorilla brought a virus that infects gorillas without causing disease, but is virulent to chimpanzees. The virus infected the gorillas and chimpanzees, but only the chimpanzees got sick since the virus is not a pathogen to gorillas.

Metastasis refers to: The formation of cancer cells The spread of cancer cells around the body An aspect of benign tumors Carcinoma in situ Well differentiated cells

The spread of cancer cells around the body

What is genetics? The study of living things is called genetics. The study of how long it takes a child not to hit their younger sibling is called siblingology. The study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring is called genetics. The study of how biological factors interact with one another is called genetics.

The study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring is called genetics

Both Chad and Paula were unknowingly infected with rabies from a raccoon on the same day. Chad started developing symptoms three days later, while Paula became ill one month after exposure. Why did it take longer for Paula to develop symptoms of the disease? The time frame from infection to symptoms depends on how and where the invading microorganism entered the person's body. The time frame from infection to symptoms depends on the particular invading microorganism and the person's immune system. The time frame from infection to symptoms depends on the person's immune system and the time of year when the disease is contracted. The time frame from infection to symptoms depends on the invading microorganism and the time of year the disease is contracted.

The time frame from infection to symptoms depends on the particular invading microorganism and the person's immune system.

What is one reason that even a benign tumor may prove harmful? It is contagious to other people. The tumor may compress healthy tissues as it grows. Cells from the benign tumor will break away and travel to other parts of the body. It is the same as cancer. It always grows back.

The tumor may compress healthy tissues as it grows.

Some cases of malaria require treatment by atovaquone and proguanil because Mosquitoes are more susceptible These drugs can pass the blood brain barrier There are strains of malaria resistant to the normal treatment These drugs are cheaper There is a shortage of the normal treatment

There are strains of malaria resistant to the normal treatment

Which is FALSE about bacteria? They can multiply rapidly. They are parasitic. They are unicellular. They are living organisms.

They are parasitic.

Which of the following is NOT true of waterborne diseases? They include salmonella, giardiasis, and amoebiasis. They travel easily in water. Their incidence increases with increased flooding. They respond negatively to environmental changes.

They respond negatively to environmental changes.

What is the difference between MRSA and VRSA? VRSA is a type of bacteria that is not only resistant to penicillin-type drugs (MRSA) but also vancomycin. MRSA is a type of bacteria that is not only resistant to penicillin-type drugs (VRSA) but also methicillin. VRSA affects people with HIV more, and MRSA affects people with TB more. MRSA and VRSA are both resistant to the same exact drugs, but MRSA is more contagious. MRSA is worse than VRSA because there is no antibiotic that will kill these bacteria.

VRSA is a type of bacteria that is not only resistant to penicillin-type drugs (MRSA) but also vancomycin.

Which of these statements is NOT true about drug-resistant tuberculosis? Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is resistant to the two best first-line drugs. Vancomycin is the drug of last resort for XDR tuberculosis. It can develop when patients fail to follow their complicated 6-9 month antibiotic regimens. XDR tuberculosis is resistant to important first and second line drugs. HIV patients that also get XDR tuberculosis have a life expectancy of only three months.

Vancomycin is the drug of last resort for XDR tuberculosis.

The common cold is caused by a: Fungus Ectoparasite Virus Bacterium

Virus

Vaccines protect against which disease-causing agent? Bacteria Viruses Parasitic worms Protozoa

Viruses

What differentiates a virus from bacteria? Viruses are not living cells, whereas bacteria are. Antibiotics can kill a virus, but not a bacterial infection. Some viruses are beneficial to you, whereas all bacteria are bad for you. Immunizations protect you from harmful bacteria, but not harmful viruses.

Viruses are not living cells, whereas bacteria are.

Why is antibiotic overuse such a serious problem? There are less sick patients for physicians to treat. Homeopathic doctors are not able to treat patients with natural methods. Pharmaceutical companies are not concerned with developing new drugs. When antibiotics are present, bacteria evolve resistance to them.

When antibiotics are present, bacteria evolve resistance to them.

A lymphocyte is a kind of: Red blood cell White blood cell B cell Complement Dendritic cell

White blood cell

If someone told you that they caught Down syndrome, what would you think? You would know that no one can ''catch'' Down syndrome. It is something that someone is born with because of a mistake on the DNA they received from their parents. You would know that a person that has caught Down syndrome is someone that has a weak immune system. If someone told you that they caught Down syndrome, you would suggest that they go to the doctor to get treatment. Anyone who says they have caught Down syndrome is someone you want to stay away from because you don't want to catch it.

You would know that no one can ''catch'' Down syndrome. It is something that someone is born with because of a mistake on the DNA they received from their parents.

How is shivering related to the concept of homeostasis? Shivering is not related to the maintenance of homeostasis. Your body shivers to warm up and maintain its ideal body temperature. Your body shivers to lose water and maintain its ideal body temperature. Your body shivers to cool off and maintain its ideal body temperature.

Your body shivers to warm up and maintain its ideal body temperature.

Identify the statement that correctly describes the movement of Zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases jump from animals to humans. Zoonotic diseases travel through water. Zoonotic diseases jump from humans to animals. Zoonotic diseases come from zoo animals.

Zoonotic diseases jump from animals to humans.

When the human body requires more energy you feel __. hot hungry cold sweaty

hungry

If an organism is unable to maintain homeostasis it __. will be fine as long as it can maintain its other processes. none of the answer choices are correct. may die will be fine

may die

More than 90% of people who become infected with the poliovirus experience _____. no symptoms paralysis difficulty breathing muscle atrophy

no symptoms

Strep throat is an example of a _____. primary disease secondary disease systemic disease chronic disease

secondary disease

Homeostasis is __. not an important process to the survival of an organism the range in which an organism is able to maintain internal equilibrium, its best set of internal conditions. not mandatory for an organism to survive. the range in which an organism is able to maintain external equilibrium, its best set of external conditions.

the range in which an organism is able to maintain internal equilibrium, its best set of internal conditions.

When the human body requires water you feel __. overweight sweaty tired thirsty

thirsty

The relative ability to cause disease is known as _____. microbes virulence bacteria antibiotic resistance

virulence

Genes that encode for virulence factors are _____, and _____ are proteins that make pathogens more virulent. virulence genes; DNA virulence genes; virulence factors virulence genes; microbes virulence genes; bacteria

virulence genes; virulence factors