chapter 13 smartbook

In remarriages, divorces are ______ in first marriages.

more common than

In terms of peer status, the child is frequently nominated as a best friend and is rarely disliked by peers.

popular

According to Kohlberg, in ______ reasoning, individuals recognize alternative moral courses, explore the options, and then decide on a personal moral code.

postconventional

_____ is talk that is designed to give information

report talk

Five-year-olds who engage with Disney princess media and products

show more female gender stereotypical behavior one year later.

Five-year-old Billy should like to rough-house and play with trucks, while his twin sister, Becky, is supposed to be kind to others and enjoy playing with dolls. These are examples of gender

stereotypes

When nine-year-old Aaron got angry, he used to act out and shout at his classmates, but he does not do that now when he gets angry. This particular example illustrates that in middle-to-late childhood, children learn to

suppress or conceal negative emotional reactions.

Compared to men, women have about

twice the body fat.

Positive peer relations in childhood have been linked to which of the following in adulthood?

-Better relationships with coworkers -Higher occupational status

Which of the statements are true regarding emotional development in middle and late childhood?

-Children in elementary school have an increased understanding of complex emotions. -Children in middle and late childhood have a capacity for genuine empathy. -Children in middle and late childhood have improved their ability to suppress negative emotional reactions.

Which of the following are true of the differences between the sexes?

-Even when gender differences occur, there is often overlap between males and females. -Differences may be due primarily to biological factors, sociocultural factors, or both. -Differences are averages and do not apply to all females or all males

Which of the following are criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

-He did not adequately take the influences of culture and family into account. -He may have underestimated the contribution of family relationships to moral development.

Which of the following are the two stages in Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning?

-Social systems morality -Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity

Which of the following are some of the gender differences that research has found in brain structure and activity between the genders?

-There are more overall similarities than differences between male and female brains. -Female brains are approximately 10 percent smaller than male brains. -The temporal and parietal regions of the brain are larger in females.

According to critics, Kohlberg's theory ignored which of the following?

-Whether moral reasoning is conscious or automatic -The role of emotion

What is the first stage of Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning?

Heteronomous morality

Murtaza makes sure to thank people because his parents believe in doing so, and he wants to be a "good boy." This reflects which stage of conventional reasoning, according to Kohlberg?

Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity

Intimacy in friendships is characterized by which two of the following?

Self-disclosure Sharing of private thoughts

Alden explains to his young son that traffic laws need to be followed by everyone for the good of the community. This reasoning illustrates which stage of Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning?

Social systems morality

According to the domain theory of moral development, the various domains arise from children's and adolescents' attempts to understand

different forms of social experience.