Chapter 13 Test

Which of the following insect orders has the most species currently named by scientists?

beetles

Birds are grouped with turtles, lizards, snakes, alligators, and crocodiles. Birds, however, have feathers and can generate their own body heat, which other reptiles cannot do. Which of the following likely explains the original evolutionary function of feathers in early reptiles?

behavioral displays

All species of humans other than Homo sapiens became extinct:

between 30,000 and 12,000 years ago.

Which of the following characteristics defines a chordate?

bilateral symmetry, defined tissues, and gut develops from back to front

Which of the following characteristics define an arthropod?

bilateral symmetry, gut develops from front to back, and grows by molting

Birds have scaly feet and lay amniotic eggs. This supports the idea that:

birds evolved from reptiles.

The notochord that characterizes all chordates at some stage in their life cycle provides all of the following functions except

bony protection for the nerve cord.

The development of jaws allowed fishes to:

capture and kill prey.

All cnidarians have tentacles that are armed with rows of stinging:

cnidocytes

Nearly one-third of amphibian populations are facing extinction. Which of the following does not attribute to the universal decline in amphibian populations?

competition from mammals

Invertebrates:

All of the above.

Which of the following is not a crustacean?

Portuguese man-o'-war

Which of the following is true of reptiles but not amphibians?

Reptiles have amniotic eggs, whereas amphibians do not.

Which of the following is an advantage of radial symmetry?

The first three choices are all advantages of radial symmetry.

What is the key difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?

The protostome gut develops from front to back, so the first opening is the mouth. The deuterostome gut develops back to front, and the second opening becomes the mouth.

Octopuses belong to which of the following groups?

cephalopods

The swim bladder in ray-finned fishes is believed to be homologous to the _______ of terrestrial vertebrates.

clams

An air environment, gravity, and desiccation are three challenges that were addressed in the evolution of reptiles. What three evolutionary innovations addressed these challenges?

lungs, better limb support, and the amniotic egg

Marsupials are thought to be most closely related to:

placental mammals.

Which animal is an ectotherm?

snake

The structure pictured here is:

the fin of a ray-finned fish.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of tunicates?

vertebrae

Using the evolutionary tree above, determine which of the following constitutes a monophyletic group.

crocodiles and birds

Crabs, lobsters, and barnacles all belong to which group?

crustaceans

Which of the following types of arthropods are not primarily land-dwelling?

crustaceans

What group of animals does recent DNA evidence suggest may have been the first group to diverge from the rest of the animals?

ctenophores

Which organisms are considered deuterostomes?

echinoderms

Terrestrial vertebrates are descendants of lobe-finned fishes that lived during the Devonian period, approximately:

400 million years ago.

Animals without backbones represent more than ______ of the total species in the animal kingdom.

95%

Which of the following species living today is the most evolutionarily successful?

All of the above species are equally successful because they are not extinct.

Sponges are:

All of the above.

Which of the following best explains why fins and jaws evolved in a parallel manner?

Fins and jaws work together: Fins get you to the organism you are going to eat, and jaws capture and kill it.

All species are either ____________ or ______________.

extant; extinct

Three major distinguishing features of the primates are that they have binocular vision, arms that can rotate in their sockets, and:

fingers that can grasp objects.

Which of the following species of humans never migrated out of Africa?

Homo ergaster

What is the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae?

Mutually symbiotic; zooxanthellae provide the coral with nutrition, while the coral provide zooxanthellae with carbon dioxide.

As mammals evolved, there was a gradual transition from bodies with short legs to bodies with longer legs, held vertically beneath the trunk of the animal. Which of the following was a result of this anatomical change in early mammals?

The animals could run faster after prey.

Sea stars, a type of echinoderm, are seemingly harmless organisms. Which of the following, if any, is a defense/predation mechanism of the sea star?

The first two choices are correct.

Which of the following is unique about vertebrates in terms of the phylum Chordata?

The notochord is not present throughout life; rather, it is only found in early embryos and is replaced by the vertebral column (backbone).

Which of the following is true of all animals?

They are capable of movement at some stage of their life cycle.

Which of the following is not true about Neandertals?

They lived primarily in Africa.

Which of the following anatomical characteristics of humans can be traced back to our arboreal origins?

forward-directed eyes

Birds are a branch of the reptile lineage but, unlike other reptiles, birds are able to do which of the following?

generate body heat

Which of the following would not be classified as an arthropod?

giant clam

Terrestrial vertebrates are classified either as amniotes or non-amniotes. Which of the following animals is a non-amniote?

amphibians

The most primitive group of animals that had lungs were the:

amphibians

Which of the following traits is unique to arthropods?

an exoskeleton

Sharks are to jaws as_________ are to _________________.

lampreys; circular oral disks

Which of the following characteristics is common to all mammals?

mammary glands

Some insects have a life history that is divided into two or three unique stages known as ____________, during which their bodies undergo distinct changes.

metamorphosis

Which of the following is not an important feature in distinguishing animals from each other?

method of locomotion (movement)

Which one of the following is considered to be a non-monophyletic group?

monkeys

Trichinella worms sometimes cause the disease known as trichinosis in humans when undercooked pork is eaten. These organisms have long cylindrical bodies but no segmentation. This species is most similar to which of the following animals?

nematodes

In complex chordates, such as vertebrates, the ____________ is eventually replaced by a vertebral column.

notochord

Which terrestrial problem correctly matches its evolutionary solution?

oxygen in the air: lungs

Which characteristic is unique to lobe-finned fish?

pelvic and pectoral fins

Which characteristic is not common to all chordates (at some point in their development)?

presence of vertebrae

What is the advantage of an amniotic egg?

prevents drying out

Which groups grow by molting?

roundworms and arthropods

Which one of the common names is matched correctly with its phyla?

roundworms: Nematoda

Which of the following is an animal with rigid bones, jaws, and a swim bladder?

salmon

Which of the following is an example of an echinoderm?

sand dollar

Which of these animals is not an arachnid?

shrimp

Which of the following organisms does not contain chitin?

snails

All groups of animals have nervous systems except:

sponges

Which is the only animal phylum to not possess true tissues?

sponges

Which of the following is not an arthropod?

squid

Which of the following organisms is not a chordate?

starfish

Which of the following types of worms include species that are internal parasites?

tapeworms

The lineage that first separated from the common ancestor of all animals, and retains many of the same primitive features to this day, includes which of the following modern organisms?

the sponge

In the figure, animals that exhibit radial symmetry in the larval phase of their life cycle can be found in:

the yellow box only.

Sponges are sessile organisms as adults. They are classified as animals because:

they exhibit movement as juveniles.

What is the purpose of the adaptation of modified vertebrae in early terrestrial animals?

withstand gravity