Chapter 13: The Endocrine System (Hicks - Biology 109)

What hormone causes ejection of milk into ducts during breast-feeding?

oxytocin

Which two hormones most directly regulate lactation?

oxytocin and prolactin

From which part of the pituitary are the hypothalamic hormones (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin) released?

posterior pituitary

Which hormone stimulates milk production?

prolactin

The effect of parathyroid hormone is to ________ blood calcium levels.

raise

The kidneys secrete both __________.

renin and erythropoietin

Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system?

salivary gland

Thymosin and thymopoietin are secreted by the ________.

thymus

What hormone stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

ACTH

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one?

ADH

_____ are the main male hormones.

Androgens

The most accurate statement about FSH is ________.

FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both sperm production and egg development

Which of the following statements about glucagon is true?

Glucagon causes glycogen to break down to form glucose.

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one?

Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system.

Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons?

It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females.

What hormone causes release of the egg from the ovary?

LH

The most accurate statement about LH is ________.

LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation

__________ hormones enter target cells and bind to intracellular receptors, whereas __________ hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and never enter the target cells.

Steroid; nonsteroid

Which one of the following causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

Sympathetic nerves

Which of these statements comparing the nervous system and the endocrine system is true?

The nervous system enables more rapid communication and signaling than does the endocrine system.

How do releasing hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland?

They are released near blood vessels (a capillary bed) in the hypothalamus, travel a short distance, and diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.

Calcitonin and PTH have opposing effects on blood calcium levels. (True/False?)

True

Which of these endocrine disorders is associated with the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Cortisol production occurs in the __________ and is stimulated by __________.

adrenal cortex; ACTH

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland control the activity of all of the following glands, EXCEPT the __________.

adrenal medulla

What hormone promotes sodium uptake and potassium excretion?

aldosterone

What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in _____.

association with a cell's plasma membrane

Which of the following would be triggered by a drop in blood Ca2+ levels?

both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion

What hormone lowers blood calcium levels?

calcitonin

Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?

calcitonin

Which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes?

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Hyposecretion of ADH results in:

diabetes insipidus

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in

dwarfism

Which of these hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which of these is a nonsteroid hormone?

epinephrine and oxytocin

Which of the following hormones will be most active after 24 hours without food?

glucagon

Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete _____________, whereas beta cells secrete _______________.

glucagon; insulin

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of _____ in response to stress.

glucocorticoids

The target cells of an endocrine gland __________.

have specific receptors for the hormone

Secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland is closely regulated by the __________.

hypothalamus

The structure that controls hormone release by both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary is the ________.

hypothalamus

Which of these glands secretes releasing hormones?

hypothalamus

What hormone stimulates cell uptake of glucose by cells throughout the body?

insulin

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

insulin: diabetes insipidus

Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced?

iodine