chapter 14
Which of the following statements about obesity trends in the population is accurate?
Obesity rates are higher for those without a college education.
Which of the following statements about obesity levels in the United States is true?
They are very high and continue to increase and may reach 50 percent by 2030.
Absent or infrequent menstruation sometimes caused by insufficient body fat is known as ______.
amnorrhea
The most severe eating disorder, associated with low body weight and food restriction to the point of emaciation, is
anorexia nervosa
Energy expenditure in a rested state is referred to as
basal metabolic rate
People who suffer from ____ ____, disorder, which is characterized by large amounts of food consumption in a short period, report that they often feel powerless to stop eating, even after they are uncomfortably full.
binge eating
Which of the following is most characteristic of bulimia?
binge eating after a long period of dieting
What is the most common eating disorder in the United States? Multiple choice question.
binge eating disorder (BED)
According to prevailing obesity research, the potential risk for obesity is influenced by
both genetics and the environment
people who suffer from the eating disorder engage in binge eating, followed by purging, fasting, or self-induced vomiting.
bulimia
The current "gold standard" method for accurately assessing body composition is ______.
dual-energy absorptiometry, or DXA
The minimum amount of fat necessary to maintain healthful living is known as _____.
essential fat
Which of the following athletes would be most likely to suffer from anorexia athletica?
gymnast
Disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating disorder are most common in
high-achievement-oriented young females
Visceral fat is
in core
"Creeping obesity" means that
increased inactivity with age leads to a decline in BMR and an increase in body fatness
Fat in the upper body
is referred to as android fat and is more characteristic of men than women
Studies have shown that
it is possible for someone to be fit and overweight at the same time
Research suggests that obesity _____.
may cut 8 to 10 years from life expectancy
Susceptibility genes
may predispose a person to become obese
Monitoring weight daily
may prevent normal-weight people from gaining weight
People who have believe that their bodies are too small, even when they have "normal" or even exceptional muscle development.
muscle dysmorphia
A person trying to reduce body fat
must have a caloric deficit of 3,500 calories to lose one pound of fat
Extra fat beyond what is necessary to allow the body to function is called
nonessential fat
The clinical term for excessively high body fat is ______.
obesity
In order to lose weight
people may need 200 to 300 minutes of activity per week
What indicator is used to reflect the overall fat content of the body?
percent body fat
The most effective method of losing fat is
physical activity combined with dietary restriction
Physical activity
provides protection against the health risks of a high BMI
Somatotype is a term that
refers to a person's body type.
In order for the body to function properly, body fat should ______.
remain above a certain minimum level
Bioelectric impedance analysis is based on measuring _____.
resistance to current flow
A theoretical concept describing the way the body protects current weight and resists change is known as
set-point
The essential amount of body fat
should be no less than 5% for men and 10% for women.
Which region in the United States has the highest rates of obestity? Multiple choice question.
south
To measure body composition, DXA uses
the attenuation of two energy sources
Which of the following is a method of assessing body composition through the use of air displacement?
the bod pod
Decreased bone density, menstrual irregularities, and low energy are symptoms that define
the female athlete triad
True or false: One estimate implicates obesity as the cause of 40 percent of all cancer diagnoses.
true
True or false: The term epidemic is often used to describe the rapid increase in the obesity rate in the United States.
true
When measuring body composition, you should
understand that the values are estimates and not absolute indicators
Metabolic health problems are most closely associated with
visceral fat
The combined presence of eating disorders, low energy availability, amenorrhea, and decreased bone mineral density is most likely to affect which of the following groups?
women athletes
Which of the following statements are true regarding basal metabolic rate?
-It is higher in people with more lean tissue and less body fat. -It increases on days when active people exercise. -It can stay elevated for hours after a bout of vigorous physical activity.
Which of the following statements are true of dual-energy absorptiometry, or DXA? Multiple select question.
-It measures whole-body fatness as well as the fat stored in specific parts of the body. -It can provide estimates of bone density.
Which of the following statements about obesity are true?
-Obesity impairs the function of most systems of the body. -Obesity is better viewed from the standpoint of loss of quality of life instead of total years of life lost.
Which statements about disordered eating are true?
-Some people may develop disordered eating as a result of social pressures related to attractiveness and body weight. -People from almost every segment of the population have been affected by eating disorders. -People who adopt patterns of disordered eating are more likely to develop an eating disorder.
Which statements accurately describe the people who suffer from anorexia nervosa?
-They may face severe, even life-threatening, consequences if they do not receive treatment. -They engage in extreme food restriction in their quest for excessive leanness. -They may engage in compulsive exercise or abuse laxatives in an effort to stay thin.
Creeping obesity can be countered in which of the following ways?
-by decreasing caloric intake at age 65 by 10% of what it was at age 25 -by staying active and maintaining muscle mass -by keeping BMR high through adequate physical activity
Which of the following are characteristic of someone with the female athlete triad?
-low estrogen levels -low body fat levels -reduced bone density
For both men and women, BMI values over ______ are used to define overweight.
25
Which of the following statements about Body Mass Index (BMI) is true?
BMI can sometimes be misleading, because muscle is denser than fat.
