Chapter 14 and 15 Euro Test
conquistador
A Spanish conqueror of the Americas. Conquered the new world for the Spanish crown.
constitutionalism
A form of government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government on the one hand and the rights and liberties of the subject or citizen on the other.
republicanism
A form of government in which there is no monarch and power rests in the hands of the people as exercised through elected representatives.
ptolemy's geography
A second-century work that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced the concepts of longitude and latitude.
peace of utrecht
A series of treaties, from 1713 to 1715, that ended the War of the Spanish Succession, ended French expansion in Europe, and marked the rise of the British Empire.
caravel
A small, maneuverable, Portuguese ships that used triangular sails to sail against the wind.
mercantilism
A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the state's power; it was based on the belief that a nation's wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver, determined its international power.
encomienda system
A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery.
In the seventeenth century, why did rulers hesitate to crush rebellions?
Armies were expensive to deploy, and rulers feared creating martyrs.
mexica empire
Aztec Empire, large and complex Native American civilization in Mexico with good tech.
The Baroque style flourished I'm the connect of the...
Catholic (counter) reformation.
Cardinal Jules Mazarin's struggle to increase royal revenues to meet the cost of war led to the uprisings of 1648-53, known as the...
Fronde.
What was the outcome of the heightened central control established by absolutist and constitutional governments?
Growth in armed forces
How did Cardinal Richelieu increase the power of the centralized French state?
He extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of France's thirty-two districts.
France's strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of...
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
In music, the baroque style reached its culmination in the work of...
Johann Sebastian Bach.
How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?
Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end
How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?
Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united.
How did famines affect the European population in the seventeenth century?
Malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly.
inca empire
Peruvian Empire with the capital at Cuzco, peaked from 1438 - 1532.
treaty of tordesillas
The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything to the west, and Portugal everything to the east in the Atlantic/Southern America.
columbian exchange
The exchange of goods and ideas between America and Europe. Between the old and new worlds.
viceroyalties
The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas.
peace of Westphalia
The name of a series of treaties that concluded the Thirty Years' War in 1648
junkers
The nobility of Bradenburg and Russia.
fronde
Violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and oppressive taxation.
When speaking of "moral economy," historians are referring to...
a vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit.
In Eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the...
consolidation of serfdom.
Mercantilist theory postulated that...
economic activity should be regulated by and for the state.
Louis XIV selected councilors from the...
newly ennobled or upper middle class.
Typically, French classicism...
presented subject matter associated with classical antiquity.
French foreign policy under Cardinal Richelieu focused primarily on the...
prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France.
The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi and the resulting Treaty of...
the Pyrenees.
The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was...
the subordination of all institutions to the monarchy.