Chapter 14 and 15 Test

The saying is "Money can buy happiness," but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

$75,000

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

Eustress

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________.

agoraphobia

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

avoidant personality disorder

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

A psychological disorder is a ________.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 1 - exhaustion

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

hassles

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ________ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

job strain

Brian has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

problem-focused

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.

psychotic

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________.

safety behaviors

Autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms?

severe depressive symptoms

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.

that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy.

What is meant by the term etiology?

the cause of a disorder

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this?

somatic

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.

biological

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they "lose themselves" in the activity.

Flow

Define flow and give an example of a time when you experienced it. Why do you think you were able to feel a sense of flow during that moment?

Flow is when one becomes so engaged in a particular activity or hobby, that they often loose track of time. I think that this is able to happen because everyday life is full of so many other stressors and finding something that brings you happiness is a sort of coping mechanism, in my opinion.

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Holmes and Rahe

Which dimension of the Type A behavior pattern is most predictive of heart disease?

anger/hostility

In Spring 2020, most of the world came to a screeching halt due to the Coronavirus Pandemic. This shutdown caused high levels of stress for everyone, and in most cases it still does. Think about how this time period impacted your life.

1. Identify and describe a specific stressor you experienced. 2. What kind of stress would this be considered, Eustress or Distress? 3. Describe the physiological, cognitive, and behavioral effects this stressor had on you. 4. What did you do to cope with this particular stressor? 1. One stressor that I experienced was the fear and sadness I had losing my Sophomore track season. 2. This would be considered a distress because it did no have a positive effect on me. 3. Physiologically I was stressed out and depressed because of the situation . Cognitively I was originally optimistic, but then realized that our season as over and thought that I would not see my senior friend for a long time. My behavior changed by me less excited to get out and move. 4. One way that my coach helped me cope is that he set up team zoom meeting and during the end of the summer we had small group training sessions. We had an online Senior Recognition and had meetings to prepare for the following season. I think by doing this we were able to keep a sense of normalcy and routine. This would be a problem focused coping style and we had an optimistic view of the future which I think also helped in reliving stress among the team.