Chapter 14: Infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection

A patient who is diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) tells the nurse, "I feel obsessed with thoughts about dying. Do you think I am just being morbid?" Which response by the nurse is best?

"Can you tell me more about the kind of thoughts that you are having?"

A patient who has a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies is admitted to the hospital with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and a CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/L. Based on diagnostic criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which statement by the nurse is correct?

"The patient has developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)."

The nurse plans a presentation for community members about how to decrease the risk for antibiotic-resistant infections. Which information will the nurse include in the teaching plan (select all that apply)?

-Continue taking antibiotics until all the medication is gone. -Antibiotics may sometimes be prescribed to prevent infection. -Hand washing is effective in preventing many viral and bacterial infections.

According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines, which personal protective equipment will the nurse put on when assessing a patient who is on contact precautions for diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (select all that apply)?

-Gown -Gloves

The nurse cares for a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who has just been diagnosed with asymptomatic chronic HIV infection. Which prophylactic measures will the nurse include in the plan of care (select all that apply)?

-Hepatitis B vaccine -Pneumococcal vaccine -Influenza virus vaccine

To evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART), which laboratory test result will the nurse review?

Viral load testing

Which nursing action will be most useful in assisting a college student to adhere to a newly prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen?

Check the patient's class schedule to help decide when the drugs should be taken.

A patient treated for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection for 6 years has developed fat redistribution to the trunk, with wasting of the arms, legs, and face. What instructions will the nurse give to the patient?

Discuss a change in antiretroviral therapy.

The nurse palpates enlarged cervical lymph nodes on a patient diagnosed with acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to take?

Explain to the patient that this is an expected finding.

The nurse designs a program to decrease the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the adolescent and young adult populations. Which information should the nurse assign as the highest priority?

Prevention of HIV transmission between sexual partners

A patient who uses injectable illegal drugs asks the nurse about preventing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which response by the nurse is best?

"It is important to participate in a needle-exchange program."

A patient who has vague symptoms of fatigue, headaches, and a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test. What instructions should the nurse give to this patient?

"The EIA test will need to be repeated to verify the results."

A young adult female patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive has a new prescription for efavirenz (Sustiva). Which information is most important to include in the medication teaching plan?

Continue to use contraception while on this medication.

Eight years after seroconversion, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient has a CD4+ cell count of 800/µL and an undetectable viral load. What is the priority nursing intervention at this time?

Encourage adequate nutrition, exercise, and sleep.

An older adult who takes medications for coronary artery disease has just been diagnosed with asymptomatic chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Which information will the nurse include in patient teaching?

Many medications have interactions with antiretroviral drugs.

A pregnant woman with a history of asymptomatic chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is seen at the clinic. The patient states, "I am very nervous about making my baby sick." Which information will the nurse include when teaching the patient?

Most infants born to HIV-positive mothers are not infected with the virus.

Which patient exposure by the nurse is most likely to require postexposure prophylaxis when the patient's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status is unknown?

Needle stick with a needle and syringe used to draw blood

The nurse prepares to administer the following medications to a hospitalized patient with human immunodeficiency (HIV). Which medication is most important to administer at the right time?

Oral saquinavir (Invirase)

Which information would be most important to help the nurse determine if the patient needs human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing?

Patient age

Which of these patients being seen at the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic should the nurse assess first?

Patient who has had 10 liquid stools in the last 24 hours

The nurse will most likely prepare a medication teaching plan about antiretroviral therapy (ART) for which patient?

Patient who tested positive for HIV 2 years ago and now has cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis

A patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected has a CD4+ cell count of 400/µL. Which factor is most important for the nurse to determine before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for this patient?

Patient's ability to comply with ART schedule

A patient with a positive rapid antibody test result for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is anxious and does not appear to hear what the nurse is saying. What action by the nurse is most important at this time?

Remind the patient about the need to return for retesting to verify the results.

The registered nurse (RN) caring for an HIV-positive patient admitted with tuberculosis can delegate which action to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?

Stock the patient's room with all the necessary personal protective equipment.

The nurse cares for a patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Which information is most important for the nurse to address when planning care?

The patient states, "Sometimes I miss a dose of zidovudine (AZT)."

A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has developed Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Which outcome would be appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of care?

The patient will maintain intact perineal skin.