chapter 14
The name for the 4 administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata
viceroyalties
Who was Prester John?
A mythical Christian king in Africa believed to be a descendant of one of the three kings who visited Jesus after his birth.
After losing access to slave trading from the Black Sea, the Genoese obtained which of the following as slaves?
Black Africans
The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and New worlds
Columbian Exchange
The European voyages of the 15th century were derived from a desire to share in the wealth of the
Indian Ocean trade
Also known as the Aztec Empire, a large and complex Native American Civilization in modern Mexico and Central America that possessed advanced mathematical, astronomical, and engineering technology
Mexica Empire
The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything to the west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east
Treaty of Tordesillas
A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; it was disguised form of slavery
Encomienda system
When Vasco da Gama arrived in the Indian Ocean, how did he navigate these unknown waters?
He hired an Indian pilot as his guide
The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak from 1438 until 1532
Inca Empire
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?
It divided the Atlantic Ocean, giving Spain control of everything west of an imaginary line and Portugal everything east of the line
Portugal's participation in European expansion was given critical support by who?
Prince Henry
How did the introduction of Ptolemy's Geography mislead European cartographers
Ptolemy asserted that the world was much smaller than it actually is, indication that Asia was not far removed from Europe to the west.
A 2nd century work that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced the concepts of longitude and latitude. Reintroduced to Europeans in 1410 by Arab scholars, its ideas allowed cartographers to create more accurate maps.
Ptolemy's Geography
In chronological order, what were the 3 successive commercial empires established by Europeans in 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries
The Portugese, the Spanish, and the Dutch
What was the primary cause of the emergence of inflation in Spain in the 16th century?
The inability of Spanish agriculture and manufacturing to meet the growing demand for goods
How did the English and French seek a route to East Asia?
They sough a northwest passage across North America
A small, maneuverable, three-mast sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
caravel
Spanish for conqueror; Spanish soldier-explorers, such as Hernando Cortés and Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
conquistador
Bartolomé de Las Cases asserted that the Indians
had human rights